United States Census Bureau | An official website of the United States Government
Using 1-Year or 5-Year
American Community
Survey Data
Access information on how to choose which dataset best suits your needs.
Publication
Understanding and Using ACS
Data: What All Data Users Need
to Know
September 2020
This handbook helps general data users learn how to
access and use ACS data and provide concrete examples
of how ACS data can answer real-world questions.
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Distinguishing features of ACS 1-year, 1-year supplemental, 3-year, and
5-year estimates
1-year estimates
1-year supplemental
estimates
3-year estimates*
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5-year estimates
12 months of collected data
12 months of collected data Example: 2023 ACS
36 months of collected data Example: 2011-2013
60 months of collected data Example: 2019-
Example: 2023 ACS 1-year
1-year supplemental estimates Date collected
ACS 3-year estimates Date collected between:
2023 ACS 5-year estimates Date collected
estimates Date collected between:
between: January 1, 2023 and
January 1, 2023 and
December 31, 2023
January 1, 2011 and
December 31, 2013
between: January 1, 2019 and
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2023
Data for areas with populations of
Data for areas with populations of 20,000+
Data for areas with populations of 20,000+
Data for all areas
65,000+
Smallest sample size
Smallest sample size
Larger sample size than 1-year
Largest sample size
Less reliable than 3-year or 5-year
Less reliable than 5-year
More reliable than 1-year; less reliable than 5-year
Most reliable
Most current data
Most current data
Less current than 1-year estimates; more current
Least current
than 5-year
Annually released: 2005-present
Annually released: 2014-present
Annually released: 2007-2013
Annually released: 2009-present
Best used when
Best used when
Best used when
Best used when
Currency is more important than
Currency is more important than precision
More precise than 1-year, spans fewer years than
Precision is more important than currency
precision Analyzing large
Analyzing smaller populations Examining
5-year Analyzing smaller populations Examining
Analyzing very small populations Examining
populations
smaller geographies because the standard 1-
smaller geographies because the standard 1-year
tracts and other smaller geographies because 1-
year estimates are not available
estimates are not available
year estimates are not available
*ACS 3-year estimates have been discontinued. The 2005-2007, 2006-2008, 2007-2009, 2008-2010,
2009-2011, 2010-2012 and 2011-2013 ACS 3-year estimates will remain available to data users, but no
new 3-year estimates will be produced. Every community in the nation will continue to receive a detailed
statistical portrait of its social, economic, housing and demographic characteristics through 1-year and
5-year ACS products.
Related Information
American Community Survey Data [/programs-surveys/acs/data.html]
Sample ACS & PRCS Forms and Instructions [/acs-forms-and-instructions]
Data Release Rules [/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/data-suppression.html]
You May Be Interested In
Contact
Updates
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Story
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the American
Community Survey if you
updates about the
American Community
how you use data from
the American
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Page Last Revised - October 31, 2024