run_python_code_in_sandbox

Instructions

Runs python code in a safe environment and returns the output.

Usage:
   run_python_code_in_sandbox("print('Hello, world!')")
   run_python_code_in_sandbox("import requests

Implementation Reference

• src/modal_mcp_toolbox/code.py:10-75 (handler)

  The handler function that executes Python code in a Modal sandbox environment. It handles code execution, requirement installation, directory mounting, file pulling, error handling, and returns the output as TextContent.

  async def run_python_code_in_sandbox(
      code: Annotated[str, Field(description="The python code to run.")],
      requirements: Annotated[list[str] | None, Field(description="The requirements to install.")] = None,
      python_version: Annotated[str, Field(description="The python version to use. If not provided defaults to 3.13")] = "3.13",
      mount_directory: Annotated[
          str | None,
          Field(
              description="Allows you to make a local directory available at `/mounted-dir` for the code in `code`. Needs to be an absolute path. "
              "Writes to this directory will NOT be reflected in the local directory."
          ),
      ] = None,
      pull_files: Annotated[
          list[tuple[str, str]] | None,
          Field(
              description="List of tuples (absolut_path_sandbox_file, absolute_path_local_file). "
              "When provided downloads the file(s) from the sandbox to the local file(s)."
          ),
      ] = None,
  ) -> TextContent:
      """
      Runs python code in a safe environment and returns the output.
  
      Usage:
         run_python_code_in_sandbox("print('Hello, world!')")
         run_python_code_in_sandbox("import requests\nprint(requests.get('https://icanhazip.com').text)", requirements=["requests"])
      """
  
      app = modal.App.lookup("mcp-toolbox--code", create_if_missing=True)
      image = modal.Image.debian_slim(python_version=python_version).pip_install(requirements or [])
  
      mounts: list[modal.Mount] = []
      if mount_directory:
          mounts.append(modal.Mount.from_local_dir(mount_directory, remote_path="/mounted-dir"))
  
      sb = modal.Sandbox.create(image=image, app=app, mounts=mounts)
      try:
          exc = sb.exec("python", "-c", code)
          exc.wait()
          if exc.returncode != 0:
              stderr = exc.stderr.read()
              raise McpError(
                  ErrorData(
                      code=INVALID_PARAMS,
                      message=f"Error running code:\n{stderr}",
                  )
              )
  
          if pull_files:
              for remote_file, local_file in pull_files:
                  if not Path(local_file).parent.exists():
                      Path(local_file).parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
  
                  if Path(local_file).exists():
                      raise McpError(
                          ErrorData(
                              code=INVALID_PARAMS,
                              message=f"File {local_file} already exists.",
                          )
                      )
                  with sb.open(remote_file, "rb") as f:
                      with open(local_file, "wb") as f2:
                          f2.write(f.read())
          return TextContent(type="text", text=exc.stdout.read(), annotations=Annotations(audience=["user", "assistant"], priority=0.5))
  
      finally:
          sb.terminate()

• src/modal_mcp_toolbox/__init__.py:7-12 (registration)

  Imports and registers the run_python_code_in_sandbox tool with the FastMCP server.

  from modal_mcp_toolbox.code import run_python_code_in_sandbox
  from modal_mcp_toolbox.flux import generate_flux_image
  
  server = FastMCP("modal-toolbox")
  
  server.add_tool(run_python_code_in_sandbox)

• src/modal_mcp_toolbox/code.py:10-28 (schema)

  Pydantic Field annotations defining the input schema and descriptions for the tool parameters.

  async def run_python_code_in_sandbox(
      code: Annotated[str, Field(description="The python code to run.")],
      requirements: Annotated[list[str] | None, Field(description="The requirements to install.")] = None,
      python_version: Annotated[str, Field(description="The python version to use. If not provided defaults to 3.13")] = "3.13",
      mount_directory: Annotated[
          str | None,
          Field(
              description="Allows you to make a local directory available at `/mounted-dir` for the code in `code`. Needs to be an absolute path. "
              "Writes to this directory will NOT be reflected in the local directory."
          ),
      ] = None,
      pull_files: Annotated[
          list[tuple[str, str]] | None,
          Field(
              description="List of tuples (absolut_path_sandbox_file, absolute_path_local_file). "
              "When provided downloads the file(s) from the sandbox to the local file(s)."
          ),
      ] = None,
  ) -> TextContent: