List all workbooks currently open, across every running Excel instance.

Returns: JSON with each workbook's name, full path, save state, and which Excel window (by Hwnd) it belongs to.

Get worksheet names, the active sheet, and each sheet's used range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = the active workbook of the first Excel instance found).

Returns: JSON with sheet names, the active sheet, and each sheet's used range and visibility.

Save an open workbook in place (equivalent to pressing Ctrl+S).

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = the active workbook of the first Excel instance found).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

List worksheet names, in tab order, for an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook).

Returns: JSON with sheet names and which one is active.

Add a new worksheet to an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Name for the new sheet (None = Excel's default, e.g. "Sheet4"). index: 1-based tab position to insert before (None = before the active sheet).

Returns: JSON with the new sheet's name and position.

Delete a worksheet from an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Sheet to delete (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation. Excel will refuse to delete a workbook's only remaining visible sheet.

Rename a worksheet in an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Current sheet name (None = active sheet). new_name: New sheet name (required).

Returns: JSON with the old and new names.

Make a worksheet the active tab in an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Sheet to activate (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Read values from a cell or range in an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1" or "A1:C10".

Returns: JSON with the values as a 2D array (even for a single cell).

Write values into a cell or range in an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: The top-left cell to write into, e.g. "A1" or "B2". values: A single value, a flat list (written as one row), or a list of lists (2D block) anchored at range_address's top-left cell.

Returns: JSON with the range actually written to.

Read formulas from a cell or range.

Formulas are returned A1-style (e.g. "=SUM(A1:A10)"). Cells without a formula return their literal value instead.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1" or "A1:C10".

Returns: JSON with the formulas/values as a 2D array.

Set a formula (or literal value) on a single cell.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style cell reference, e.g. "B2". formula: Formula string starting with '=' (e.g. "=SUM(A1:A10)"), or a literal value.

Returns: JSON with the cell's resulting calculated value.

Find and replace text in an open workbook.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = every sheet in the workbook). find_text: Text to search for (required). replace_text: Replacement text. match_case: Case-sensitive match. whole_cell: Match the entire cell contents rather than a substring.

Returns: JSON with which sheets had at least one replacement.

Clear cell contents from a range, optionally including formatting.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:C10". clear_formatting: Also reset fonts, fills, and number formats (Range.Clear instead of Range.ClearContents).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Apply font, fill, number-format, and alignment to a cell or range.

Only arguments that are explicitly set are changed; everything else is left as-is.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:C1". bold, italic, underline: Font style toggles. font_name: e.g. "Calibri". font_size: Point size. font_color: Hex RGB, e.g. "FF0000" (with or without leading '#'). fill_color: Hex RGB cell background color. number_format: Excel number format code, e.g. "$#,##0.00" or "0.0%". horizontal_align: One of "left", "center", "right", "general". wrap_text: Whether to wrap text within the cell.

Returns: JSON confirmation of the range formatted.

Autofit column widths for a range, or the sheet's used range if none given.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address (None = the sheet's used range).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Add a comment (note) to a cell in an open workbook.

Replaces any existing comment on the cell.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style single-cell reference, e.g. "B2". text: Comment text (required). author: Comment author (default: MCP_AUTHOR env var, or "Author").

Returns: JSON confirmation.

List all comments on a worksheet.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON with each comment's cell address and text.

Delete the comment on a specific cell, if any.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style single-cell reference, e.g. "B2".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Insert one or more blank rows, shifting existing rows down.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). row_index: 1-based row number the new rows are inserted before (required). count: How many rows to insert.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Delete one or more rows, shifting rows below them up.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). row_index: 1-based row number to start deleting from (required). count: How many rows to delete.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Insert one or more blank columns, shifting existing columns right.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). column: Column letter(s) the new columns are inserted before, e.g. "B" (required). count: How many columns to insert.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Delete one or more columns, shifting columns to their right left.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). column: Column letter(s) to start deleting from, e.g. "B" (required). count: How many columns to delete.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Sort a range by one column.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: The range to sort, e.g. "A1:C10". key_column: 1-based column offset within range_address to sort by (1 = the range's leftmost column). ascending: Sort direction. has_header: Whether the range's first row is a header (excluded from sorting, kept in place).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Add a cell-value conditional formatting rule to a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:A20". condition: One of "greater_than", "less_than", "greater_equal", "less_equal", "equal_to", "not_equal", "between", "not_between". value1: Comparison value (required). Numbers or text. value2: Second comparison value, required only for "between"/ "not_between". fill_color: Hex RGB cell fill to apply when the rule matches. font_color: Hex RGB font color to apply when the rule matches. bold: Bold the font when the rule matches.

Returns: JSON with the new rule's index (rules apply in index order).

Add a 2-color or 3-color scale to a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:A20". min_color: Hex RGB for the lowest value (default: a red). max_color: Hex RGB for the highest value (default: a green). mid_color: Hex RGB for the midpoint (None = 2-color scale; set this for a 3-color scale, e.g. yellow "FFEB84").

Returns: JSON confirmation.

List conditional formatting rules applied to a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:A20".

Returns: JSON with each rule's index, COM Type/Operator codes, and formulas (cell-value rules only report formulas; color scales report just the type).

Remove all conditional formatting rules from a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:A20".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

List user-defined named ranges in a workbook.

Hidden/internal names (e.g. Excel's own Print_Area, filter ranges) are omitted.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook).

Returns: JSON with each name and what it refers to.

Read the current value(s) of a named range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Named range to read (required).

Returns: JSON with the value(s) as a 2D array.

Write a single value into a named range's top-left cell.

For multi-cell named ranges, only the top-left cell is set — use set_range_values with the range's address for block writes.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Named range to write to (required). value: New value (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Create a new named range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Name to create (required). Must start with a letter or underscore and contain no spaces. range_address: A1-style address the name refers to, e.g. "A1:C10". sheet: Worksheet the range is on (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON confirmation with the resolved absolute reference.

Change what an existing named range refers to.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Existing named range to update (required). range_address: New A1-style address, e.g. "A1:C10". sheet: Worksheet the new range is on (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON confirmation with the resolved absolute reference.

Delete a named range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). name: Named range to delete (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Restrict a range to a dropdown list of allowed values.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "B2:B20". values: List of allowed string values (required), e.g. ["Yes", "No"].

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Restrict a range to numbers matching a comparison.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "B2:B20". condition: One of "greater_than", "less_than", "greater_equal", "less_equal", "equal_to", "not_equal", "between", "not_between". value1: Comparison value (required). value2: Second comparison value, required only for "between"/ "not_between". decimal: Allow decimals (False = whole numbers only).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Read the data validation rule applied to a cell, if any.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style cell reference, e.g. "B2".

Returns: JSON with the validation type/operator/formulas, or has_validation: false if none is set.

Remove data validation from a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "B2:B20".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Merge a range into a single cell.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address, e.g. "A1:C1".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Undo a cell merge.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address covering the merged area, e.g. "A1:C1".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Check whether a cell is part of a merged range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style cell reference, e.g. "B2".

Returns: JSON with is_merged and, if true, the full merged area's address.

Add a hyperlink to a cell.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style single-cell reference, e.g. "B2". address: Target URL (e.g. "https://example.com"), or an internal reference prefixed with '#' (e.g. "#Sheet2!A1"). text_to_display: Text shown in the cell (None = the address itself). screen_tip: Tooltip text shown on hover.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Remove the hyperlink from a cell, if any.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). cell: A1-style single-cell reference, e.g. "B2".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

List all hyperlinks on a worksheet.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON with each hyperlink's cell, address, and display text.

Create an Excel Table from a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: A1-style address the table will cover, e.g. "A1:C10". table_name: Name for the new table (None = Excel's default, e.g. "Table1"). has_headers: Whether the range's first row is a header row.

Returns: JSON with the new table's name and range.

List Excel Tables on a worksheet.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON with each table's name and range.

Get a table's structure: columns, range, and style.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). table_name: Table to inspect (required).

Returns: JSON with column names, range, row count, and style.

Append one or more rows to the end of a table.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). table_name: Table to append to (required). rows: A list of rows, each a list of values matching the table's column count (required), e.g. [["Widget", 12, 4.5]].

Returns: JSON with the table's resulting row count.

Read a table's data rows (excluding the header) as a 2D array.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). table_name: Table to read (required).

Returns: JSON with the column names and data rows.

Apply a built-in table style.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). table_name: Table to style (required). style_name: Built-in style name, e.g. "TableStyleMedium2", "TableStyleLight9", "TableStyleDark3".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Remove a table's definition, keeping the underlying cell data.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). table_name: Table to remove (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Create a chart from a range.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). range_address: Source data range, e.g. "A1:C10". chart_type: One of "column_clustered", "bar_clustered", "line", "pie", "area", "scatter", "doughnut". title: Chart title (None = no title). chart_name: Name for the new chart (None = Excel's default, e.g. "Chart 1"). left, top, width, height: Position and size in points.

Returns: JSON with the new chart's name.

List charts on a worksheet.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet).

Returns: JSON with each chart's name and position/size.

Change a chart's type.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). chart_name: Chart to change (required). chart_type: One of "column_clustered", "bar_clustered", "line", "pie", "area", "scatter", "doughnut".

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Set or clear a chart's title.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). chart_name: Chart to update (required). title: New title text. Empty string or None removes the title.

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Add a data series to a chart.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). chart_name: Chart to add the series to (required). series_range: A1-style address of the series' values, e.g. "D2:D10" (required). series_name: Legend label for the series (None = Excel's default).

Returns: JSON confirmation.

Delete a chart.

Args: workbook: Workbook name or path (None = active workbook). sheet: Worksheet name (None = active sheet). chart_name: Chart to delete (required).

Returns: JSON confirmation.