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search_papers

Find relevant academic papers by searching across arXiv, Semantic Scholar, PubMed, and CrossRef with filters for year, citations, and field.

Instructions

Search for academic papers across multiple backends.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
queryYes
limitNo
verifyNo
year_fromNo
year_toNo
min_citationsNo
backendsNo
exclude_typesNo
exclude_termsNo
min_confidenceNo
rank_byNosmart
fieldNo
regionNo

Output Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
resultYes
Behavior2/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

With no annotations, the description bears full burden for behavioral disclosure. It only mentions 'multiple backends' but omits details like rate limits, authentication, default ranking, or how backends differ. The tool has 13 parameters suggesting complex behavior, yet the description is minimal.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness3/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is a single concise sentence, which is efficient. However, it sacrifices essential information that could be included without bloat.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness2/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Despite having an output schema, the description fails to set expectations about result count, pagination, or behavior across backends. For a tool with 13 parameters, the description is extremely incomplete and insufficient for an AI agent to confidently invoke it.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters2/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 0%, so the description must compensate. It only adds meaning for 'backends' (implicitly). All other parameters like query, limit, year_from, etc., are left undefined. The description adds very little beyond the parameter names.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the verb 'search' and the resource 'academic papers', and mentions the key feature 'across multiple backends'. However, it does not differentiate from sibling search tools like 'web_search' or 'search_vault'.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines2/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

No guidance is provided on when to use this tool compared to alternatives. Sibling tools include other search functions, but the description gives no context for selection.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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