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Pubmed Find Related

pubmed_find_related
Read-only

Find articles related to a source PubMed ID by similar content, citing articles, or references. Falls back to Europe PMC or OpenAlex if NCBI is unavailable.

Instructions

Find articles related to a source article — similar content (similar), articles citing this one (cited_by), or articles this one cites (references). Uses NCBI ELink as the primary source; falls back to Europe PMC then OpenAlex when NCBI is unavailable.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
pmidYesSource PubMed ID
relationshipNoRelationship type: similar (content-based), cited_by (articles citing this one), references (articles this one cites)similar
maxResultsNoMaximum related articles
offsetNoResult offset for pagination (0-based); page through results by incrementing by maxResults

Output Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
sourcePmidYesSource PubMed ID
relationshipYesRelationship type used
offsetYesResult offset used
articlesYesRelated articles
totalCountYesTotal related articles found before windowing
sourceYesProvider that answered this request
noticeNoGuidance when results are empty, a fallback provider answered, or offset overshot. Absent on a clean NCBI result page.
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Annotations provide readOnlyHint and openWorldHint. The description adds behavioral context: primary source (NCBI ELink), fallbacks to Europe PMC and OpenAlex, and describes relationship semantics. No contradiction with annotations.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two sentences, front-loaded with action and resource, no wasted words. Every sentence provides essential information.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness5/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Given 4 parameters, an output schema, and annotations, the description covers purpose, relationships, fallback behavior, and pagination. No significant gaps.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters4/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema coverage is 100%, so baseline is 3. The description adds context about relationship types and pagination (offset description aligns with schema). The schema already documents parameters well, but the description adds marginal value.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states it finds articles related to a source article, specifying three distinct relationship types (similar, cited_by, references). It differentiates from sibling tools by naming the relationship types and fallback sources.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description explicitly states when to use it (find related articles) and lists the relationship types. It does not provide explicit when-not-to-use guidance or direct alternatives, but sibling tools are listed and the description implicitly differentiates.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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