Search PubMed with full query syntax, filters, and date ranges. Returns PMIDs and optional brief summaries. Supports field-specific filters (author, journal, MeSH terms), common filters (language, species, free full text), and pagination via offset for paging through large result sets.

Fetch full article metadata by PubMed IDs. Returns detailed article information including abstract, authors, journal, MeSH terms.

Fetch full-text articles from PubMed Central with structured sections and references. When PMC misses, transparently falls back to Europe PMC fullTextXML (structured JATS for records with a PMC counterpart). Provide exactly one of pmcids (PMC IDs directly), pmids (PubMed IDs, auto-resolved), or dois (DOIs, auto-resolved to PMC via the ID Converter; preprints with a PMC counterpart recover via Europe PMC).

Get formatted citations for PubMed articles in one or more formats (apa, mla, bibtex, ris, vancouver). Pass a single format as a string or multiple as an array.

Find articles related to a source article — similar content (similar), articles citing this one (cited_by), or articles this one cites (references). Uses NCBI ELink as the primary source; falls back to Europe PMC then OpenAlex when NCBI is unavailable.

Spell-check a query and get NCBI's suggested correction. Useful for refining search queries.

Search and explore the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) controlled vocabulary. Returns descriptor records with tree numbers, scope notes, and entry terms, plus pagination via offset for paging past the maxResults cap.

Look up PubMed IDs from partial bibliographic citations. Useful when you have a reference (journal, year, volume, page, author) and need the PMID — deterministic citation matching, more reliable than free-text search for structured references. Each citation must include at least journal or year (ECitMatch primary-keys on journal+volume+page; author-only or volume-only inputs guarantee no match); more fields = better match accuracy.

Convert between article identifiers (DOI, PMID, PMCID). Accepts up to 50 IDs of a single type per request. Only resolves articles indexed in PubMed Central — for articles not in PMC, use pubmed_search_articles instead.

Search Europe PMC, a broad open-access biomedical corpus. Surfaces preprints (source: PPR), patents (source: PAT), Agricola (source: AGR), plus everything in PubMed (MED) and PMC. Use when additional coverage is needed — preprints and EPMC-only OA records are the typical recovery. Paginate via cursorMark. Defaults to MED, PMC, and PPR; pass sources to include PAT / AGR. Abstracts arrive as a bounded abstractSnippet with abstractTruncated marking the cut ones — pass a hit’s source and epmcId to pubmed_europepmc_fetch for the complete abstract.

Fetch complete Europe PMC records — including the full, untruncated abstract — for records addressed by source plus epmcId. Pairs with pubmed_europepmc_search, which returns bounded abstractSnippet values and flags cut ones with abstractTruncated: true; pass those hits' source and epmcId here to read the whole abstract. This is the retrieval path for preprint (PPR), patent (PAT), and Agricola (AGR) records, which frequently carry no PMID and no DOI, so pubmed_fetch_articles and pubmed_fetch_fulltext cannot address them. Up to 25 records per call.