Medical Terminologies MCP

Search MeSH

mesh_search

Read-onlyIdempotent

Search MeSH descriptors to find controlled vocabulary for indexing medical literature or PubMed searches. Returns matching terms with MeSH IDs, labels, and official translations when available.

Instructions

Search for MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors.

Use this tool to:

Find MeSH terms for indexing medical literature
Look up subject headings for PubMed searches
Find controlled vocabulary terms

Set language to request NLM's official translations where they exist (e.g. language: "pt" for Portuguese labels); content is never machine-translated.

Returns matching descriptors with MeSH IDs and labels.

Input Schema

Name	Required	Description	Default
`match`	No	Match type: exact, contains, or startswith. Default: contains	contains
`query`	Yes	Search term (e.g., "diabetes", "heart failure")
`language`	No	Language code (default: en). Returns the source's OFFICIAL translation when it exists (e.g. 'pt' for official Portuguese); content is never machine-translated.	en
`max_results`	No	Maximum number of results (1-100). Default: 25

Output Schema

Name	Required	Description
`match`	Yes	Match type applied to descriptor labels.
`query`	Yes	The search term as submitted.
`provenance`	Yes	Provenance block: source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, origin diagnostics, citation, license
`attribution`	Yes	Canonical source URLs of this response (attribution list)
`descriptors`	Yes	Matching MeSH descriptors, each with its ID (e.g. "D003920"), URI and label.
`total_count`	Yes	Number of descriptors returned (the NLM lookup is capped at max_results, so this is not a total count of all matches).

Schema Changelog

Changes observed during successful MCP inspections.

Changed4 schema fields changedv2.4.0Oct 29, 2026

addedOutput schema / properties / descriptors / description

Added value: +"Matching MeSH descriptors, each with its ID (e.g. \"D003920\"), URI and label."

addedOutput schema / properties / match / description

Added value: +"Match type applied to descriptor labels."

addedOutput schema / properties / query / description
```
Added value: +"The search term as submitted."
```

addedOutput schema / properties / total_count / description

Added value: +"Number of descriptors returned (the NLM lookup is capped at max_results, so this is not a total count of all matches)."

Changed7 schema fields changedv2.3.0Oct 16, 2026

changedOutput schema / properties / provenance / description

Previous value: -"Provenance block (contract v1.1): source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, origin diagnostics, citation, license"New value: +"Provenance block: source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, origin diagnostics, citation, license"

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / derivation_note

Added value: +{
+  "description": "What this server computed; present together with derived",
+  "type": "string"
+}

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / derived

Added value: +{
+  "description": "Present (true) only when this server computed the value (e.g. a ranking or summary statistics) instead of passing on what the source returned",
+  "type": "boolean"
+}

changedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / field_sources / description

Previous value: -"Present only when the response joins parts from different origins or extraction instants (contract v1.2): for each group of fields, its URL, extraction instant and whether it came from cache. Absent in single-origin responses"New value: +"Present only when the response joins parts from different origins or extraction instants: for each group of fields, its URL, extraction instant and whether it came from cache. Absent in single-origin responses"

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / notices

Added value: +{
+  "description": "Caveats the source publishes about the data, verbatim (license statements are not repeated here; see the info://licenses resource). Absent when there is none",
+  "items": {
+    "type": "string"
+  },
+  "minItems": 1,
+  "type": "array"
+}

changedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / retrieval / description

Previous value: -"Origin diagnostics of THIS source in this call (contract v1.1): requests made to the upstream, attempts summed across retries, anomalies worked around (kind + count); unstable=true when any anomaly happened. null when nothing was measured (bundled dataset, or response served entirely from cache)"New value: +"Origin diagnostics of THIS source in this call: requests made to the upstream, attempts summed across retries, anomalies worked around (kind + count); unstable=true when any anomaly happened. null when nothing was measured (bundled dataset, or response served entirely from cache)"

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / revision

Added value: +{
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "description": "Whether the data can still change at the source: current = the version in force, the source may revise it; provisional = preliminary; final = will not change. Absent when unknown",
+  "properties": {
+    "note": {
+      "description": "O específico da fonte: o que revisa, quando, por quê",
+      "type": [
+        "string",
+        "null"
+      ]
+    },
+    "status": {
+      "description": "current = versão vigente, a fonte pode revisá-la; provisional = preliminar, incompleta ou sujeita a mudança (não compare como se fosse fechada); final = não muda mais, declarado pela fonte",
+      "enum": [
+        "current",
+        "provisional",
+        "final"
+      ],
+      "type": "string"
+    }
+  },
+  "required": [
+    "status",
+    "note"
+  ],
+  "type": "object"
+}

Changed1 schema field changedv2.1.1Oct 7, 2026

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / field_sources

Added value: +{
+  "description": "Present only when the response joins parts from different origins or extraction instants (contract v1.2): for each group of fields, its URL, extraction instant and whether it came from cache. Absent in single-origin responses",
+  "items": {
+    "additionalProperties": false,
+    "description": "Proveniência de um grupo de campos da resposta: de onde veio e quando foi extraído",
+    "properties": {
+      "data_vintage": {
+        "description": "Vintage/competência da sub-fonte",
+        "type": [
+          "string",
+          "null"
+        ]
+      },
+      "dataset_id": {
+        "description": "Identificador do conjunto da sub-fonte",
+        "type": [
+          "string",
+          "null"
+        ]
+      },
+      "fields": {
+        "description": "Campos do payload atribuídos a esta sub-fonte",
+        "items": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "minItems": 1,
+        "type": "array"
+      },
+      "retrieved_at": {
+        "description": "ISO-8601 da extração desta sub-fonte na origem",
+        "type": [
+          "string",
+          "null"
+        ]
+      },
+      "served_from_cache": {
+        "description": "true se esta sub-fonte veio do cache do servidor (retrieved_at é o da extração original); false se foi buscada nesta chamada; null se o servidor não distingue",
+        "type": [
+          "boolean",
+          "null"
+        ]
+      },
+      "source_url": {
+        "description": "URL canônica da sub-fonte que originou estes campos",
+        "type": "string"
+      }
+    },
+    "required": [
+      "fields",
+      "source_url",
+      "dataset_id",
+      "data_vintage",
+      "retrieved_at"
+    ],
+    "type": "object"
+  },
+  "minItems": 1,
+  "type": "array"
+}

Changed3 schema fields changedv1.15.0Sep 27, 2026

changedOutput schema / properties / provenance / description

Previous value: -"Provenance block (contract v1.0): source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, citation, license"New value: +"Provenance block (contract v1.1): source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, origin diagnostics, citation, license"

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / retrieval

Added value: +{
+  "anyOf": [
+    {
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "anomalies": {
+          "description": "Anomalias superadas até o sucesso, somadas por classe, em ordem fixa; [] se nenhuma",
+          "items": {
+            "additionalProperties": false,
+            "properties": {
+              "count": {
+                "description": "Ocorrências desta classe na chamada",
+                "maximum": 9007199254740991,
+                "minimum": 1,
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "kind": {
+                "description": "Classe da anomalia (vocabulário fechado do contrato)",
+                "enum": [
+                  "timeout",
+                  "network",
+                  "http_4xx",
+                  "http_5xx",
+                  "rate_limited",
+                  "malformed_body"
+                ],
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "kind",
+              "count"
+            ],
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "attempts": {
+          "description": "Tentativas somadas, incluindo as repetidas (>= requests)",
+          "maximum": 9007199254740991,
+          "minimum": 1,
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "requests": {
+          "description": "Idas distintas à origem que compõem esta resposta (fatias, páginas)",
+          "maximum": 9007199254740991,
+          "minimum": 1,
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "unstable": {
+          "description": "true se houve repetição (attempts > requests) ou alguma anomalia",
+          "type": "boolean"
+        }
+      },
+      "required": [
+        "requests",
+        "attempts",
+        "anomalies",
+        "unstable"
+      ],
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "null"
+    }
+  ],
+  "description": "Origin diagnostics of THIS source in this call (contract v1.1): requests made to the upstream, attempts summed across retries, anomalies worked around (kind + count); unstable=true when any anomaly happened. null when nothing was measured (bundled dataset, or response served entirely from cache)"
+}

changedOutput schema / properties / provenance / required

Previous value: -[
-  "source",
-  "source_url",
-  "data_vintage",
-  "retrieved_at",
-  "citation",
-  "license"
-]New value: +[
+  "source",
+  "source_url",
+  "data_vintage",
+  "retrieved_at",
+  "retrieval",
+  "citation",
+  "license"
+]

Changed1 schema field changedv1.11.0Sep 15, 2026
- addedInput schema / additionalProperties
```
Added value: +false
```
Changed4 schema fields changedv1.9.1Sep 1, 2026
- removedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / data_vintage / anyOf
```
Removed value: -[
-  {
-    "type": "string"
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "null"
-  }
-]
```
- addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / data_vintage / type
```
Added value: +[
+  "string",
+  "null"
+]
```
- removedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / license / anyOf
```
Removed value: -[
-  {
-    "type": "string"
-  },
-  {
-    "type": "null"
-  }
-]
```
- addedOutput schema / properties / provenance / properties / license / type
```
Added value: +[
+  "string",
+  "null"
+]
```

Changed4 schema fields changedv1.8.0Aug 10, 2026

changedInput schema / properties / language / description

Previous value: -"Language code (default: en)"New value: +"Language code (default: en). Returns the source's OFFICIAL translation when it exists (e.g. 'pt' for official Portuguese); content is never machine-translated."

addedOutput schema / properties / attribution

Added value: +{
+  "description": "Canonical source URLs of this response (attribution list)",
+  "items": {
+    "type": "string"
+  },
+  "type": "array"
+}

addedOutput schema / properties / provenance

Added value: +{
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "description": "Provenance block (contract v1.0): source, URL, data vintage, extraction instant, citation, license",
+  "properties": {
+    "citation": {
+      "description": "Ready-to-use citation/attribution string",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "data_vintage": {
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "Version/release of the data as exposed by the source; null when not exposed"
+    },
+    "license": {
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "null"
+        }
+      ],
+      "description": "License / legal regime of the data"
+    },
+    "retrieved_at": {
+      "description": "Real instant of the upstream extraction (ISO-8601, UTC). Responses served from cache keep the ORIGINAL fetch instant.",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "source": {
+      "description": "Official upstream source of this data",
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "source_url": {
+      "description": "Canonical URL of the source (API base or dataset release)",
+      "type": "string"
+    }
+  },
+  "required": [
+    "source",
+    "source_url",
+    "data_vintage",
+    "retrieved_at",
+    "citation",
+    "license"
+  ],
+  "type": "object"
+}

changedOutput schema / required

Previous value: -[
-  "query",
-  "match",
-  "total_count",
-  "descriptors"
-]New value: +[
+  "query",
+  "match",
+  "total_count",
+  "descriptors",
+  "provenance",
+  "attribution"
+]

Changed3 schema fields changedv1.5.7Jun 21, 2026
- removedInput schema / additionalProperties
```
Removed value: -false
```
- addedOutput schema / properties / total_count / maximum
```
Added value: +9007199254740991
```
- addedOutput schema / properties / total_count / minimum
```
Added value: +-9007199254740991
```

Changed1 schema field changedv1.4.0May 12, 2026

addedInput schema / properties / language

Added value: +{
+  "default": "en",
+  "description": "Language code (default: en)",
+  "enum": [
+    "en",
+    "es",
+    "pt",
+    "fr",
+    "de",
+    "it",
+    "zh",
+    "ja",
+    "ar",
+    "ru"
+  ],
+  "type": "string"
+}

First observedv1.2.1May 11, 2026

TDQS

A3.9/5.0

Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Annotations already cover the safety profile (readOnly, idempotent, non-destructive, openWorld), so the description only needs added context — and it supplies a real behavioral fact: translations are official NLM translations and content is never machine-translated. It also notes results carry MeSH IDs and labels, which helps the agent know the output is usable for downstream indexing.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness4/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The purpose is front-loaded in the first line, followed by a scannable use-case list and a tightly scoped language note. The language paragraph duplicates the schema field description, which is the one piece of text that does not fully earn its place.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

With an output schema present and 100% schema coverage plus full annotations, the description covers what an agent needs: what it searches, why, and the translation caveat. Minor remaining gap is ranking/ordering expectations for results, but that is not essential to invoke the tool correctly.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 100%, so all four parameters (including both enums) are already fully documented in the schema. The description's language sentence restates the schema's language description almost verbatim and adds nothing about `match` semantics or ordering/truncation behavior for `max_results`. Baseline 3 is appropriate.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

States a specific verb and resource ('Search for MeSH ... descriptors') and the bullet list pins down the intent (indexing terms, PubMed subject headings, controlled vocabulary). It does not, however, distinguish itself from the nearby siblings mesh_descriptor, mesh_tree and mesh_qualifiers, so an agent must infer that this is the keyword-search entry point rather than the lookup/traversal one.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The 'Use this tool to' block gives three concrete situations where this tool is the right choice (finding indexing terms, PubMed heading lookup, controlled vocabulary lookup). There are no exclusions or named alternatives telling the agent when to switch to mesh_descriptor or mesh_tree instead.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.