"""
Carbon Intensity Calculator
Calculates CO2 emissions intensity from generation fuel mix
"""
from typing import Dict
# Emission factors in kg CO2 per MWh
# Source: EPA eGRID, IPCC
EMISSION_FACTORS = {
"natural_gas_mw": 410, # Combined cycle gas turbine
"coal_mw": 820, # Average coal plant
"nuclear_mw": 12, # Lifecycle emissions
"wind_mw": 11, # Lifecycle emissions
"solar_mw": 45, # Lifecycle emissions (PV)
"hydro_mw": 24, # Lifecycle emissions
"other_mw": 500, # Conservative estimate for unknown
}
class CarbonIntensityCalculator:
"""
Calculates grid carbon intensity from generation mix
"""
def __init__(self, emission_factors: Dict[str, float] = None):
self.emission_factors = emission_factors or EMISSION_FACTORS
def calculate(self, generation_by_fuel: Dict[str, float], total_generation_mw: float) -> float:
"""
Calculate carbon intensity in kg CO2 per MWh
Args:
generation_by_fuel: Dict with fuel type keys and MW values
total_generation_mw: Total generation in MW
Returns:
Carbon intensity in kg CO2 / MWh
"""
if total_generation_mw <= 0:
return 0.0
total_emissions = 0.0
for fuel_type, generation_mw in generation_by_fuel.items():
emission_factor = self.emission_factors.get(fuel_type, 500)
total_emissions += generation_mw * emission_factor
# Weighted average intensity
carbon_intensity = total_emissions / total_generation_mw
return round(carbon_intensity, 2)
def calculate_renewable_fraction(self, generation_by_fuel: Dict[str, float], total_generation_mw: float) -> float:
"""
Calculate percentage of generation from renewable sources
"""
if total_generation_mw <= 0:
return 0.0
renewable_sources = ["wind_mw", "solar_mw", "hydro_mw"]
renewable_mw = sum(
generation_by_fuel.get(source, 0)
for source in renewable_sources
)
return round((renewable_mw / total_generation_mw) * 100, 2)
def estimate_emissions(self, load_mw: float, carbon_intensity: float, hours: float = 1.0) -> float:
"""
Estimate total CO2 emissions for a given load
Args:
load_mw: Load in MW
carbon_intensity: Carbon intensity in kg CO2 / MWh
hours: Duration in hours
Returns:
Total emissions in kg CO2
"""
energy_mwh = load_mw * hours
return round(energy_mwh * carbon_intensity, 2)
