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get_article_references

Retrieve the bibliography of a PubMed article to uncover its cited foundational papers and methodologies.

Instructions

Get the references (bibliography) of a PubMed article.

Returns the list of articles that this paper cites in its bibliography. This is the OPPOSITE of find_citing_articles:

  • get_article_references: Papers THIS article cites (backward in time)

  • find_citing_articles: Papers that cite THIS article (forward in time)

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ 📚 BACKWARD CITATION SEARCH (Foundation Discovery) ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Direction: Source Paper → Papers it cited (BACKWARD in time)

USE CASES: ──────────

  • 🏛️ Find foundational papers: Core works the field builds on

  • ⚗️ Methodology sources: Papers describing techniques used

  • 📖 Background reading: Build understanding of a topic

  • 🔍 Verify claims: Check sources for specific assertions

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ EXAMPLE WORKFLOW: ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

Start with a recent review article

get_article_references(pmid="38123456", limit=50) → Get the bibliography of this review

Find most-cited foundational papers

get_citation_metrics(pmids="last", sort_by="citation_count") → Identify which references are the most influential

Read a foundational paper

fetch_article_details(pmids="12345678") → Get full details of an important reference

Args: pmid: PubMed ID of the source article (accepts: "12345678", "PMID:12345678", 12345678). limit: Maximum number of references to return (1-100, default: 20).

Returns: List of referenced articles with details.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
pmidYes
limitNo

Output Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
resultYes
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations provided, so description carries full burden. Describes directionality, use cases, and provides example. Does not mention potential limitations (e.g., API rate limits) but overall clear and helpful.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness3/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Well-structured with sections, but somewhat verbose with emojis and ASCII art. Information is front-loaded in the first paragraph. Could be more concise without losing clarity.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

With 2 parameters, no annotations, and an output schema, description adequately covers purpose, usage, parameters, and example workflow. Return details are implied but output schema exists.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters5/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Adds significant meaning beyond bare input schema: specifies accepted formats for pmid, valid range for limit, and default value. Schema itself has no descriptions (0% coverage), so description fully compensates.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Clearly states it gets the references/bibliography of a PubMed article. Explicitly contrasts with find_citing_articles (forward vs backward). Verb+resource is specific.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines5/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Provides explicit when-to-use (backward citation search) and when-not-to-use (forward search via find_citing_articles). Includes example workflow demonstrating typical usage with other tools.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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