swiss-housing-mcp
swiss-housing-mcp
Часть Swiss Public Data MCP Portfolio — open-source MCP-серверы, подключающие AI-агентов к открытым данным Швейцарии. Частный проект, не связан с работодателем или каким-либо учреждением.
MCP-сервер для Швейцарского федерального реестра зданий и жилых помещений (GWR/RegBL) — здания, жилые помещения и строительный конвейер
🎯 Эталонный демонстрационный запрос
«Сколько жилых помещений было построено в городе Цюрих с 2020 года, сколько из них с 4+ комнатами — и сколько сейчас находится в стадии строительства?»
Проверено на живом дампе 2026-07-24: 16 164 новых жилых помещения с 2020 года (27,4% с 4+ комнатами — прокси для семейного жилья) и 7 287 жилых помещений в стадии строительства. Жилые помещения, строящиеся сегодня, — это домохозяйства через 1–3 года: ранний индикатор для планирования школьных площадей.
Демо
Related MCP server: swiss-statistics-mcp
Обзор
GWR/RegBL — это то же для зданий, что Zefix для компаний: не один из многих источников данных, а федеральный реестр, чьи идентификаторы (EGID для зданий, EWID для жилых помещений) служат ключами соединения в административных данных Швейцарии. Этот сервер предоставляет публичный срез реестра через MCP-инструменты — поиск зданий, геокодирование адресов, статистику строительства по муниципалитетам, анализ по ограничивающим рамкам внутри муниципалитета и конвейер планирования/строительства.
address_to_egid — это заглушка, которая делает другие источники данных совместимыми с EGID: адрес на входе, федеральный идентификатор и координаты LV95 на выходе.
Архитектурное решение
Этот сервер использует Архитектуру B (гибрид: сначала дамп, API как запасной вариант).
Обоснование (проверено вживую 2026-07-24):
Публичный кантональный дамп (
public.madd.bfs.admin.ch/{canton}.zip) обновляется ежедневно (~05:30 CET) и содержит готовыйdata.sqliteс таблицамиbuilding(399 830 строк для ZH),entrance,dwelling(894 631 строк для ZH) иcode. Никакого разбора CSV, никакой аутентификации.api3.geo.admin.ch(find / identify / SearchServer) надёжно работает без аутентификации для поиска отдельных объектов и геокодирования, но не масштабируется для агрегаций по площади (ограничения на количество результатов).REST-эндпоинт MADD, проверенный на
/api/buildings/{egid}, вернул 404; он исключён, пока не выяснены путь и статус аутентификации — это не блокер, так как все инструменты Фазы 1 работают без него.
Последствия:
Кантональные дампы кэшируются на диске с TTL 24 часа (настраивается через
SWISS_HOUSING_DUMP_TTL_HOURS).Агрегации и пространственные запросы выполняются как read-only SQL по кэшированному SQLite; отдельные поиски и геокодирование обращаются к живому API.
Каждый ответ содержит
source(атрибуция) иprovenance(daily_dump|live_api|cached).
Результаты живого зондирования (2026-07-24)
Endpoint | HTTP | Статус | Примечание |
| 200 | ✅ работает | полный набор атрибутов, без аутентификации |
| 200 | ✅ работает | 77 атрибутов, включая EGID/EWID |
| 200 | ✅ работает |
|
| 200 | ✅ работает | 121 МБ, ежедневное обновление, содержит |
| 404 | ❌ исключён | путь/аутентификация неясны |
Неверный EGID в find | 200 | ⚠️ мягкая ошибка | пустой массив |
Возможности
lookup_building(egid)— отдельное здание по федеральному идентификатору (живой API)address_to_egid(address)— геокодирование любого швейцарского адреса в EGID/EDID + LV95lookup_dwellings(egid)— все жилые помещения здания с комнатами, площадью, этажомnew_construction(municipality_bfs, since_year)— ежегодное новое строительство, включая долю семейного жилья с 4+ комнатамиconstruction_pipeline(municipality_bfs)— запланировано / одобрено / в стадии строительстваbuildings_in_bbox(e_min, n_min, e_max, n_max)— анализ внутри муниципалитета (например, школьные округа)municipality_housing_stats(municipality_bfs)— жилищный фонд и распределение по количеству комнатexplain_code(attribute, code)— декодирование кодов GWR через официальную таблицу кодов DE/FR/ITdump_status()— свежесть кэша, точка входа для плавной деградации
Предварительные требования
Python 3.10+
~130 МБ диска на каждый кэшированный кантональный дамп (ZH)
Никаких API-ключей — Фаза 1 не требует аутентификации
Установка
uvx swiss-housing-mcp # once published on PyPI
# or from source
pip install -e .Использование / Быстрый старт
Claude Desktop (claude_desktop_config.json):
{
"mcpServers": {
"swiss-housing": {
"command": "uvx",
"args": ["swiss-housing-mcp"]
}
}
}Облако (Render/Railway):
SWISS_HOUSING_TRANSPORT=streamable-http PORT=8000 swiss-housing-mcpКонфигурация
Переменная | По умолчанию | Назначение |
|
|
|
|
| Каталог кэша дампов |
|
| Окно свежести дампа |
Версия протокола MCP
Этот сервер говорит на двух эпохах протокола через одну и ту же конечную точку. Первый запрос клиента на соединении определяет, какая из них применяется; более позднее заявление из другой эпохи отклоняется.
Эпоха | Ревизия | Кто её достигает |
Рукопожатие |
| То, на чём говорят сегодняшние клиенты. Сервер отвечает запрошенной ревизией или потолком |
Конверт на запрос |
| Запрос с конвертом |
Обе ревизии зафиксированы в
tests/test_protocol_version.py и проверяются
против установленного SDK, так что обновление mcp через Dependabot не может сдвинуть ни одну из них
незаметно. Этот сервер не создаёт ASGI-приложение для отправки initialize, поэтому
проверка утверждает константы SDK, а не измеренный ответ — более слабая форма,
названная, а не оставленная невысказанной.
Обратите внимание, что LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION в SDK — это псевдоним для современной
эпохи, а не для эпохи рукопожатия — привязка только к нему оставила бы эпоху,
которую текущие клиенты фактически согласовывают, свободной для дрейфа.
Политика обновления. Когда проверка не срабатывает, не редактируйте константу вслепую:
прочитайте журнал изменений спецификации между двумя ревизиями, убедитесь, что сервер по-прежнему ведёт себя корректно,
затем переместите константу, этот раздел, README.de.md и
CHANGELOG.md вместе.
Тестирование
PYTHONPATH=src pytest tests/ -m "not live" # CI-safe
PYTHONPATH=src pytest tests/ -m live # against real upstreamСтруктура проекта
swiss-housing-mcp/
├── src/swiss_housing_mcp/
│ ├── server.py # FastMCP tools (9)
│ ├── gwr.py # Dump store + geo.admin.ch client + retry
│ ├── models.py # Pydantic v2 envelopes (source + provenance)
│ └── __main__.py # Dual-transport entry point
├── tests/ # respx-mocked + @pytest.mark.live
└── .github/workflows/ # CI + OIDC PyPI publishИзвестные ограничения
Публичный срез опускает персональные и некоторые чувствительные атрибуты полного GWR; официальные поставки данных властям идут через канал BFS/MADD.
Координаты — это опорные точки зданий (LV95), а не полигоны отпечатков — полигональные соединения (например, точные границы школьных округов) требуют внешних геометрий;
buildings_in_bboxпокрывает прямоугольное приближение.GBAUJ(год постройки) отсутствует для части старых зданий; коды периодов (GBAUP) существуют как запасной вариант, но пока не раскрыты.Разрешение муниципалитет→кантон заполнено для распространённых случаев; для остальных передавайте
cantonявно.Индексы рынка жилья (IMPI, индекс цен на строительство, доля вакантных) намеренно живут в
swiss-statistics-mcp— этот сервер является слоем реестра, а не слоем статистики.
Журнал изменений
См. CHANGELOG.md
Вклад
Вклад приветствуется — см. CONTRIBUTING.md (Deutsch).
Безопасность
Только чтение, без PII, без аутентификации — публичный федеральный реестр, доступ к которому осуществляется через фиксированный набор конечных точек. См. SECURITY.md (Deutsch) для полной позиции и способов сообщить об уязвимости.
Лицензия
Лицензия MIT — см. LICENSE. Данные: GWR/RegBL, Швейцарское федеральное статистическое управление (BFS), открытые правительственные данные с указанием авторства.
Автор
Hayal Oezkan · github.com/malkreide
Благодарности и связанные проекты
Данные: Федеральное статистическое управление — GWR/RegBL, geo.admin.ch
Соседние проекты портфеля:
swiss-statistics-mcp(индексы, STAT-TAB),zurich-opendata-mcp(данные уровня города)
Available Tools
5 toolsconstruction_pipelineBRead-only
Buildings and dwellings in the planning/construction pipeline of a municipality.
Breaks down by status: projected (GSTAT 1001), approved (1002), under construction (1003). Dwellings under construction today are households in 1-3 years — the early indicator for school-space planning.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| canton | No | ||
| municipality_bfs | Yes |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| note | No | |
| source | No | |
| pipeline | Yes | |
| provenance | Yes | |
| municipality | Yes | |
| municipality_bfs | Yes |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true, so the description's additional information about status breakdowns and the interpretation of 'under construction' as an early indicator adds useful behavioral context. However, it does not disclose potential limitations like data availability by municipality or time-range constraints.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is three concise sentences: the first states the core purpose, the second details the status categories, and the third explains the practical implication. Every sentence adds value, and the content is front-loaded with the most critical information.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given the presence of an output schema and the tool's moderate complexity, the description covers the data meaning and use case. However, it omits parameter semantics and does not specify what the output contains or how to interpret the status codes fully (though codes are listed). The description is adequate but not comprehensive.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
The input schema has 0% description coverage for its two parameters (canton, municipality_bfs). The description does not mention these parameters or provide any guidance on their values, formats, or roles. With no schema descriptions and no parameter information in the description, the agent receives no help beyond the schema structure.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly specifies the tool retrieves buildings and dwellings in the planning/construction pipeline of a municipality, with explicit breakdowns by status codes. This verb-resource combination is distinct from sibling tools like lookup_dwellings (likely existing dwelling data) and new_construction (new building registrations). The context of early indicator for school-space planning further differentiates its use case.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies usage for getting pipeline data for a municipality and hints at its value for school-space planning, but it does not explicitly state when to prefer this tool over siblings or when not to use it. No exclusions or alternative recommendations are provided.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
dump_statusARead-only
Cache status of the cantonal GWR dumps (graceful-degradation entry point).
Always returns an evaluable status — never silently empty records. If a source is unreachable, this tool tells you when data was last refreshed.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
No parameters | |||
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| note | Yes | |
| dumps | Yes | |
| source | No | |
| ttl_hours | Yes | |
| provenance | Yes |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true. The description adds value by stating the tool never returns empty records and reports last refresh time, which is beyond what annotations provide. No contradictions.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Two sentences, no wasted words. The key information is front-loaded and every sentence contributes meaning.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given zero parameters and the existence of an output schema, the description adequately covers the tool's behavior and return value. It is sufficient for the agent to understand what to expect, though it doesn't detail the output structure.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
No parameters exist, so the baseline is 4. The description correctly adds no parameter information since none are needed.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the tool shows cache status of GWR dumps with graceful degradation. It is distinct from sibling tools like lookup_dwellings which retrieve data. No explicit differentiation from siblings, but the purpose is clear.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies usage for checking cache health even when sources are unreachable, but does not explicitly state when to use it over alternatives. It provides context but no exclusions or direct guidance.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
explain_codeARead-only
Decode a GWR code value (e.g. GSTAT=1004, GKAT=1020) into human-readable labels.
Uses the official code table shipped with the dump (DE/FR/IT).
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| code | Yes | ||
| canton | No | zh | |
| attribute | Yes |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| source | No | |
| provenance | Yes | |
| explanations | Yes |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true, so the read-only nature is clear. The description adds value by specifying the source of the labels (official code table) and the supported languages (DE/FR/IT), going beyond what annotations provide.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is very concise at two sentences, but the second sentence could be more structured or broken into bullet points for clarity. No superfluous information, but room for slight improvement.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given the tool's moderate complexity (3 params, no enums) and the presence of an output schema, the description adequately covers the main purpose. However, it lacks explanation for the optional parameter and does not mention the output schema's structure, resulting in moderate completeness.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
With 0% schema description coverage, the description bears the full burden of explaining parameters. It includes an example of 'attribute' and 'code' but does not describe the optional 'canton' parameter at all, leaving a gap in understanding.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the tool decodes GWR code values into human-readable labels, with a specific verb and resource. It provides an example of inputs (GSTAT=1004) and distinguishes itself from sibling tools that handle different tasks.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies use for decoding codes from a specific code table, but does not explicitly state when to use this tool vs alternatives, nor does it mention any prerequisites or when not to use it. Sibling tools have different purposes, so some implicit differentiation exists.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
lookup_dwellingsARead-only
List all dwellings (EWID) of a building from the daily cantonal dump.
Includes rooms, floor area, floor and status per dwelling.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| egid | Yes | ||
| canton | No | zh |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| egid | Yes | |
| count | Yes | |
| source | No | |
| dwellings | Yes | |
| provenance | Yes |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true. The description adds context (data source 'daily cantonal dump' and included fields) but does not disclose behavior beyond that, such as error handling or permissions. No contradiction with annotations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is concise (two sentences) and front-loaded with the core action. However, it could be slightly more structured with bullet points for clarity.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
For a read-only list tool with an output schema, the description adequately mentions included fields but omits explanation of the required 'egid' parameter and the default value for 'canton'. The data source reference is vague.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 0%, so the description should explain parameters. However, it does not mention 'egid' as building ID or 'canton''s role. It only references 'a building' implicitly, leaving parameter semantics unclear.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the tool's function: 'List all dwellings (EWID) of a building' and specifies included attributes (rooms, floor area, floor, status). This distinguishes it from sibling tools like new_construction or dump_status.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
Usage is implied but not explicit. The description does not mention when to use this tool versus alternatives, nor does it provide conditions for appropriate use.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
new_constructionBRead-only
New residential construction per year for a municipality (existing buildings).
Returns buildings, dwellings and 4+ room dwellings per year — the 4+ room share is a proxy for family housing and thus for future pupil numbers. Municipality is identified by its BFS number (e.g. 261 = City of Zurich).
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| canton | No | ||
| since_year | No | ||
| municipality_bfs | Yes |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| source | No | |
| per_year | Yes | |
| provenance | Yes | |
| since_year | Yes | |
| municipality | Yes | |
| total_dwellings | Yes | |
| family_share_pct | Yes | Share of 4+ room dwellings — proxy for family housing |
| municipality_bfs | Yes | |
| total_dwellings_4plus_rooms | Yes |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already indicate readOnlyHint=true. Description adds context about the 4+ room share being a proxy for family housing, but does not disclose any additional behavioral traits such as data source, update frequency, or limitations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Description is two sentences, efficiently conveying core purpose and a key interpretation note. No redundancy or fluff.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
With an output schema present, return value explanation is not needed. However, the description lacks usage context and does not fully cover parameters. Adequate but with gaps.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 0%. Description only explains municipality_bfs with an example. Parameters canton and since_year are not described at all, leaving their semantics unclear.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
Description clearly states it returns annual new residential construction data for a municipality, including buildings, dwellings, and 4+ room dwellings. However, phrasing 'existing buildings' may cause confusion about whether it covers new construction or existing stock.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
No guidance on when to use this tool versus siblings like lookup_dwellings or construction_pipeline. Does not mention alternatives or exclusions.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
Tool Schema Changelog
Recent tool additions, removals, and schema changes observed during successful MCP inspections.
5 tool updates
v0.1.0- First observed
construction_pipeline - First observed
dump_status - First observed
explain_code - First observed
lookup_dwellings - First observed
new_construction
TDQS
Scored across 5 tools
Each tool targets a distinct aspect: listing dwellings, historical construction, pipeline, code explanation, and cache status. There is no overlap or ambiguity in their purposes.
Tool names mix patterns: verb_noun (lookup_dwellings, explain_code), adjective_noun (new_construction), and noun_noun (construction_pipeline, dump_status). While readable, the lack of a uniform pattern reduces consistency.
Five tools is well-scoped for a niche domain like Swiss housing data. Each tool serves a clear function without excess or deficiency.
The tools cover current dwelling data, historical construction, future pipeline, code decoding, and system status. A minor gap is the lack of a dedicated building-level query beyond dwellings, but the set supports the stated planning use case.
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