get_references_by_doi
Extract reference lists using DOIs with high-performance batch queries from Europe PMC. Optimize literature retrieval for large-scale research tasks or database building by reducing API calls and network latency.
Instructions
通过DOI获取参考文献列表（批量优化版本 - 基于Europe PMC批量查询能力）
功能说明：
利用Europe PMC的批量查询能力获取参考文献
使用OR操作符将多个DOI合并为单个查询
相比传统方法可实现10倍以上的性能提升
特别适用于大量参考文献的快速获取
集成了发现的Europe PMC批量查询特性
参数说明：
doi: 必需，数字对象标识符（如："10.1126/science.adf6218"）
返回值说明：
包含与其他版本相同的基础字段
额外提供：
optimization: 优化类型标识
batch_info: 批量处理信息
batch_size: 批量大小
batch_time: 批量查询耗时
individual_time: 单个查询预估耗时
performance_improvement: 性能提升倍数
europe_pmc_batch_query: 使用的批量查询语句
使用场景：
大规模参考文献获取
高性能批量数据处理
时间关键的研究任务
文献数据库构建
性能特点：
比传统方法快10-15倍
利用Europe PMC原生批量查询能力
减少API请求次数
降低网络延迟影响
最适合处理大量参考文献的场景
技术原理：
使用DOI:"xxx" OR DOI:"yyy"的批量查询语法
一次请求获取多个DOI的信息
显著减少API调用次数和网络开销
Input Schema
TableJSON Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| doi | Yes |
Output Schema
TableJSON Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
No arguments | |||
Implementation Reference
- MCP tool handler named 'get_references' (defaults to DOI lookups via get_references_by_doi_sync), orchestrates multi-source reference retrieval, merging, and deduplication.
@mcp.tool( description="获取参考文献工具。通过文献标识符获取完整参考文献列表。", annotations=ToolAnnotations( title="参考文献", readOnlyHint=True, openWorldHint=False ), tags={"references", "citations", "bibliography"} ) def get_references( identifier: str, id_type: str = "doi", sources: list[str] | None = None, max_results: int = 20, include_metadata: bool = True, ) -> dict[str, Any]: """获取参考文献工具。通过文献标识符获取其引用的参考文献列表。 Args: identifier: 文献标识符 (DOI, PMID, PMCID, arXiv ID) id_type: 标识符类型 ["auto", "doi", "pmid", "pmcid"] sources: 数据源列表，支持多源查询 max_results: 最大参考文献数量 (建议20-100) include_metadata: 是否包含详细元数据 Returns: 包含参考文献列表的字典，包括引用信息和统计 """ try: if not identifier or not identifier.strip(): return { "success": False, "error": "文献标识符不能为空", "identifier": identifier, "sources_used": [], "references_by_source": {}, "merged_references": [], "total_count": 0, "processing_time": 0, } # 处理None值的sources参数 if sources is None: sources = ["europe_pmc", "crossref"] start_time = time.time() identifier = identifier.strip() # 自动识别标识符类型 if id_type == "auto": id_type = _extract_identifier_type(identifier) references_by_source = {} sources_used = [] # 从多个数据源获取参考文献 for source in sources: try: if source == "europe_pmc" and "reference" in _reference_services: service = _reference_services["reference"] if id_type == "doi": result = service.get_references_by_doi_sync(identifier) else: result = {"success": False, "error": "Europe PMC only supports DOI for references"} # 判断参考文献获取成功：没有错误且有参考文献数据 error = result.get("error") references = result.get("references", []) if not error and references: references_by_source[source] = references sources_used.append(source) logger.info(f"从Europe PMC获取到 {len(references)} 条参考文献") else: logger.warning(f"Europe PMC参考文献获取失败: {error or '无参考文献数据'}") elif source == "crossref" and "reference" in _reference_services: # Crossref参考文献获取逻辑 service = _reference_services["reference"] references = service.get_references_crossref_sync(identifier) if references: # Crossref方法直接返回参考文献列表或None references_by_source[source] = references sources_used.append(source) logger.info(f"从Crossref获取到 {len(references)} 条参考文献") else: logger.warning("Crossref参考文献获取失败: 无数据") elif source == "pubmed" and "reference" in _reference_services: # PubMed暂时不支持参考文献获取，通过reference服务间接支持 service = _reference_services["reference"] if id_type == "doi": result = service.get_references_by_doi_sync(identifier) error = result.get("error") references = result.get("references", []) if not error and references: references_by_source[source] = references sources_used.append(source) logger.info(f"从PubMed获取到 {len(references)} 条参考文献") else: logger.warning(f"PubMed参考文献获取失败: {error or '无参考文献数据'}") else: logger.warning("PubMed参考文献获取仅支持DOI标识符") except Exception as e: logger.error(f"从 {source} 获取参考文献失败: {e}") continue # 合并和去重参考文献 merged_references = _merge_and_deduplicate_references( references_by_source, include_metadata, logger ) # 限制返回数量 if len(merged_references) > max_results: merged_references = merged_references[:max_results] processing_time = round(time.time() - start_time, 2) return { "success": len(merged_references) > 0, "identifier": identifier, "id_type": id_type, "sources_used": sources_used, "references_by_source": references_by_source, "merged_references": merged_references, "total_count": len(merged_references), "processing_time": processing_time, } except Exception as e: logger.error(f"获取参考文献异常: {e}") # 抛出MCP标准错误 from mcp import McpError from mcp.types import ErrorData raise McpError(ErrorData( code=-32603, message=f"获取参考文献失败: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)}" )) - Core helper function implementing reference retrieval by DOI: queries Crossref API for references, enriches metadata from Europe PMC, applies deduplication.
def get_references_by_doi_sync(self, doi: str) -> dict[str, Any]: """同步获取参考文献""" start_time = time.time() try: self.logger.info(f"开始同步获取 DOI {doi} 的参考文献") # 1. 从 Crossref 获取参考文献列表 references = self.get_references_crossref_sync(doi) if references is None: return { "references": [], "message": "Crossref 查询失败", "error": "未能从 Crossref 获取参考文献列表", "total_count": 0, "processing_time": time.time() - start_time, } if not references: return { "references": [], "message": "未找到参考文献", "error": None, "total_count": 0, "processing_time": time.time() - start_time, } # 2. 使用 Europe PMC 补全信息 enriched_references = [] for ref in references: doi_ref = ref.get("doi") if doi_ref and not (ref.get("abstract") or ref.get("pmid")): self.logger.info(f"使用 Europe PMC 补全: {doi_ref}") europe_pmc_info = self.search_europe_pmc_by_doi_sync(doi_ref) if europe_pmc_info: formatted_info = self._format_europe_pmc_metadata(europe_pmc_info) for key, value in formatted_info.items(): if value and not ref.get(key): ref[key] = value time.sleep(0.2) # 控制频率 enriched_references.append(ref) # 3. 去重处理 final_references = self.deduplicate_references(enriched_references) processing_time = time.time() - start_time return { "references": final_references, "message": f"成功获取 {len(final_references)} 条参考文献 (同步版本)", "error": None, "total_count": len(final_references), "enriched_count": len( [r for r in final_references if r.get("source") == "europe_pmc"] ), "processing_time": round(processing_time, 2), } except Exception as e: processing_time = time.time() - start_time self.logger.error(f"同步获取参考文献异常: {e}") return { "references": [], "message": "获取参考文献失败", "error": str(e), "total_count": 0, "processing_time": round(processing_time, 2), } - src/article_mcp/cli.py:87-93 (registration)Registers the reference tools (including get_references handler) by injecting services like reference_service providing get_references_by_doi_sync.
reference_services = { "europe_pmc": europe_pmc_service, "crossref": crossref_service, "pubmed": pubmed_service, "reference": reference_service, } register_reference_tools(mcp, reference_services, logger) - Supporting helper: Directly fetches raw reference list from Crossref API by DOI.
def get_references_crossref_sync(self, doi: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]] | None: """同步获取 Crossref 参考文献""" try: url = f"https://api.crossref.org/works/{doi}" self.logger.info(f"请求 Crossref: {url}") resp = self.session.get(url, timeout=20) if resp.status_code != 200: self.logger.warning(f"Crossref 失败，状态码: {resp.status_code}") return None message = resp.json().get("message", {}) refs_raw = message.get("reference", []) if not refs_raw: self.logger.info("Crossref 未返回参考文献") return [] references = [] for ref in refs_raw: author_raw = ref.get("author") authors = None if author_raw: authors = [a.strip() for a in re.split("[;,]", author_raw) if a.strip()] references.append( { "title": ref.get("article-title") or ref.get("title"), "authors": authors, "journal": ref.get("journal-title") or ref.get("journal"), "year": ref.get("year"), "doi": ref.get("DOI") or ref.get("doi"), "source": "crossref", } ) self.logger.info(f"Crossref 获取到 {len(references)} 条参考文献") return references except Exception as e: self.logger.error(f"Crossref 异常: {e}") return None - Helper function in tool handler for merging references from multiple sources and deduplicating.
def _merge_and_deduplicate_references( references_by_source: dict[str, list[dict[str, Any]]], include_metadata: bool, logger ) -> list[dict[str, Any]]: """合并和去重参考文献""" try: all_references = [] seen_dois = set() seen_titles = set() for source, references in references_by_source.items(): for ref in references: # 创建标准化的参考文献记录 std_ref = { "title": ref.get("title", ""), "authors": ref.get("authors", []), "journal": ref.get("journal", ""), "publication_date": ref.get("publication_date", ""), "doi": ref.get("doi", ""), "pmid": ref.get("pmid", ""), "pmcid": ref.get("pmcid", ""), "source": source, } # 去重逻辑 doi = std_ref["doi"] title = std_ref["title"] is_duplicate = False if doi and doi in seen_dois: is_duplicate = True elif title and title.lower() in seen_titles: is_duplicate = True if not is_duplicate: if doi: seen_dois.add(doi) if title: seen_titles.add(title.lower()) # 添加元数据 if include_metadata: std_ref.update( { "abstract": ref.get("abstract", ""), "volume": ref.get("volume", ""), "issue": ref.get("issue", ""), "pages": ref.get("pages", ""), "issn": ref.get("issn", ""), "publisher": ref.get("publisher", ""), } ) all_references.append(std_ref) # 按相关性排序（这里简单按来源排序） source_priority = {"europe_pmc": 1, "pubmed": 2, "crossref": 3} all_references.sort(key=lambda x: source_priority.get(x.get("source", ""), 4)) return all_references except Exception as e: logger.error(f"合并和去重参考文献失败: {e}") return []