mkopo-mcp
The mkopo-mcp server provides alternative credit scoring and financial assessment tools for East Africa, using M-PESA mobile money behavioral data as a proxy for traditional credit history — useful for individuals without formal credit records.
alternative_credit_score: Estimate a credit score (300–850) based on M-PESA behavioral signals such as income deposit regularity, utility payments, savings behavior, Fuliza overdraft usage, and loan default history.mpesa_creditworthiness: Analyze M-PESA inflow/outflow patterns, Fuliza usage, and business Paybill receipts to assess an individual's capacity to repay loans.credit_report_summary: Generate a structured credit report (formatted for loan officer review) using employment type, monthly income, existing loans, and CRB listing status.loan_eligibility: Estimate eligibility across various Kenyan lender types based on credit tier, income, loan purpose, and requested amount.credit_improvement_tips: Provide personalized, actionable recommendations to improve credit standing, addressing Fuliza debt, CRB listings, and savings history.
⚠️ All tools use demo/self-reported data and are not a real Credit Reference Bureau (CRB) product.
💳 mkopo-mcp — Alternative Credit Scoring MCP Server
Compatible with claude-sonnet-5 (released 2026-06-30) — Anthropic's most agentic
Sonnet yet. Runs multi-step tool chains end-to-end without stopping short.
Install: pip install mkopo-mcp · Use with any MCP client.
Most East Africans transacting heavily on mobile money have no formal credit file — the data exists in M-PESA history, but no scoring model reads it as an agent-callable tool.
70%+ of Kenyan adults are "credit invisible" — no formal credit history means no access to capital. M-PESA is a de facto financial history record that predicts repayment behaviour. mkopo-mcp makes that intelligence accessible to AI agents.
The Structural Problem
In mature economies, credit bureaus have 30+ years of credit card, mortgage, and auto loan data per person. That data machine took 50 years to build. In Kenya, most people's financial lives happen in cash and mobile money — invisible to formal credit systems.
M-PESA is the credit bureau that doesn't know it is one.
Regular income deposits → income stability
Utility payment regularity → discipline signal
Savings behaviour (M-Shwari, chama) → future orientation
Fuliza usage ratio → short-term distress indicator
Business Paybill receipts → verifiable commercial activity
Related MCP server: PayLink MCP Server
Tools
Tool | What it does |
| Score from M-PESA behavioural signals (300–850 scale) |
| Analyse inflow/outflow patterns for loan capacity |
| Generate structured report like a loan officer would review |
| Match to appropriate Kenya lender types |
| Personalised steps to improve credit tier |
Quick Start
pip install mkopo-mcp # coming soon to PyPI
mkopo-mcp # starts on stdioResearch Basis
World Bank "Expanding Access to Finance" (2022)
Breza & Kinnan "Measuring the Equilibrium Impacts of Credit" (2021)
CBK Prudential Guidelines (2022)
Kenya CRB Act (Cap. 44A)
⚠️ DEMO data — not a real CRB product. Consult Metropol or CRB Africa for official reports.
© 2026 Gabriel Mahia / AI Kung Fu LLC · MIT License
Part of the East Africa Coordination Stack
This MCP server is one of 32 tools in the Kenya coordination infrastructure.
Connect it to africa-coord-bus —
the coordination event bus that routes signals between domains automatically.
pip install africa-coord-busAll 32 servers: pypi.org/user/gmahia Live demo: coord-cascade-demo
IP & Collaboration
MIT licensed. Feedback via GitHub Issues only — pull requests are not accepted. Demo data is labeled DEMO and is not suitable for operational decisions. Full policy: docs/architecture/IP_POLICY.md. Security reports: see SECURITY.md.
Part of the East Africa coordination stack
Install & run:
pip install reli-cli && reli list— 33 MCP servers on the official MCP Registry underio.github.gabrielmahiaEvaluate any model on Swahili agent tasks: kipimo · dataset · leaderboard
Coordinate across servers: africa-coord-bus — offline-first event bus with a built-in Kenya routing table
Datasets: huggingface.co/gmahia · Docs hub: nairobi-stack
Model-agnostic by design: closed APIs, open-weight models, and small distilled models are all first-class citizens.
Available Tools
5 toolsalternative_credit_scoreARead-only
Estimate an alternative credit score from M-PESA behavioural signals. Western parallel: FICO score / Nova Credit for immigrants with no US history. Inputs are self-reported for demo purposes — a real implementation would connect to licensed M-PESA data-sharing APIs with customer consent. DEMO — not a real credit bureau product.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| has_fuliza_debt | Yes | Currently has unpaid Fuliza (Safaricom overdraft) balance | |
| months_as_mpesa_user | Yes | How many months the person has used M-PESA (0-240) | |
| has_savings_behaviour | Yes | Makes regular small savings (M-Shwari, chama, SACCO, KCB M-PESA) | |
| pays_utilities_on_time | Yes | Has paid KPLC or water bills via M-PESA in past 6 months | |
| has_loan_default_history | Yes | Has defaulted on any previous loan (M-Shwari, KCB, bank, chama) | |
| has_multiple_income_streams | Yes | Receives income from more than one source (multiple employers, business + salary) | |
| has_regular_income_deposits | Yes | Receives regular deposits (salary, business income) at least twice monthly |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
No output parameters | ||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already provide readOnlyHint=true. The description adds context: inputs are self-reported, it's not a real product, and mentions the real implementation would require licensed APIs. This goes beyond annotations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is a few sentences, front-loaded with purpose. It is clear and without waste, though could be slightly more concise.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given that an output schema exists, the description does not need to explain return values. It adequately covers the demo nature, input self-reporting, and data source considerations, making it complete for the context.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema coverage is 100% with all parameters documented. The description does not add extra parameter details beyond the schema, so baseline 3 is appropriate.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the tool estimates an alternative credit score from M-PESA behavioural signals, provides a Western parallel (FICO/Nova Credit), and distinguishes it as a demo. This is a specific verb+resource with useful context.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies use when needing an alternative credit score for M-PESA users, and explicitly notes it's a demo. It does not directly state when not to use or mention alternatives, but the clarity of purpose effectively guides usage.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
credit_improvement_tipsARead-only
Generate actionable credit improvement tips personalised to the user's situation. Western parallel: Credit Karma improvement recommendations. DEMO educational content.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| current_tier | Yes | Current credit tier: PRIME, NEAR_PRIME, SUBPRIME, THIN_FILE | |
| months_saving | Yes | Months of consistent savings history (0-60) | |
| has_crb_listing | Yes | Has CRB adverse listing | |
| has_fuliza_debt | Yes | Has unpaid Fuliza balance |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
No output parameters | ||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true, and the description adds no additional behavioral details such as data sensitivity, rate limits, or side effects. The term 'Generate' implies a read-only operation, but the description fails to disclose any traits beyond what is already captured in annotations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is concise with two sentences plus a parallel reference. The 'DEMO educational content' note adds a minor distraction but does not significantly harm conciseness. Nearly every sentence serves a purpose.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given the full schema coverage, output schema existence, and clear purpose, the description is nearly complete. It could mention output format briefly, but the output schema already covers that. The context is adequate for an agent to use the tool correctly.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 100%, so the schema already defines all four parameters with descriptions. The tool description adds no extra meaning or nuance to the parameters, resulting in baseline score of 3.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states 'Generate actionable credit improvement tips personalised to the user's situation', specifying a distinct verb and resource. It is easily distinguished from siblings like 'credit_report_summary' (summary) and 'loan_eligibility' (eligibility), which address different needs.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The Western parallel to Credit Karma provides a useful analogy for when to use the tool. However, it lacks explicit guidance on when not to use it or how it compares to alternatives, missing the high bar of explicit exclusions and context.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
credit_report_summaryARead-only
Generate a structured credit report summary — the document a loan officer would review. Western parallel: Experian or Equifax credit report. DEMO — not a real CRB product.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| full_name | Yes | Applicant full name (for report header only) | |
| id_number | Yes | National ID number (used as report reference — not stored) | |
| employment_type | Yes | Employment type: formal_employed, self_employed, casual_labour, farmer, gig_worker, unemployed | |
| has_crb_listing | Yes | Has been listed with a Kenya Credit Reference Bureau (CRB) | |
| monthly_income_kes | Yes | Declared monthly income in KES | |
| existing_loans_count | Yes | Number of active loans (digital, bank, chama, SACCO) |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
No output parameters | ||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already mark readOnlyHint=true. The description adds that it's a DEMO, which clarifies the fake nature. No contradictions; the description complements annotations by stating it's not a real product.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Two efficient sentences front-load the purpose and caveat. No redundant information; every part earns its place.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given the demo nature and presence of output schema, the description sufficiently covers the tool's purpose and caveat. It explains what the tool does, its analogy, and its non-production status.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema coverage is 100% with descriptions for all 6 parameters. The description adds no additional parameter meaning beyond what the schema provides, so baseline score of 3 applies.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states it generates a structured credit report summary, compares it to Experian/Equifax, and notes it's a demo. It distinguishes from siblings like alternative_credit_score (score only) and loan_eligibility (eligibility check).
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
No explicit guidance on when to use this tool versus siblings. The description does not indicate when a full summary is preferred over alternative scores or tips. The DEMO note implies it's for testing but not for production use cases.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
loan_eligibilityARead-only
Estimate loan eligibility across Kenya lender types. Western parallel: LendingTree loan comparison, Bankrate. DEMO — not actual loan offers.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| credit_tier | Yes | Credit tier from alternative_credit_score: PRIME, NEAR_PRIME, SUBPRIME, THIN_FILE | |
| loan_purpose | Yes | Loan purpose: business_working_capital, home_improvement, education, emergency, agriculture, equipment | |
| monthly_income_kes | Yes | Monthly income in KES | |
| requested_amount_kes | Yes | Requested loan amount in KES |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
No output parameters | ||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations indicate readOnlyHint=true, and the description adds critical behavioral context: 'DEMO — not actual loan offers.' This discloses the tool's non-production nature, which is valuable beyond annotations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Two sentences, zero waste. First sentence states core function, second provides context and demo caveat. Efficiently structured for quick comprehension.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
With an output schema present and annotations covering safety, the description is adequate for a demo tool. It could elaborate on the format of the estimate, but completeness is sufficient given the demo nature.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema coverage is 100% with descriptions for all 4 parameters. The description does not add further detail beyond what the schema provides, so a baseline score of 3 is appropriate.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states it estimates loan eligibility for Kenya lenders, with a Western parallel and a demo notice. It distinguishes from sibling tools focused on credit scores and tips, but could be more specific about the nature of eligibility estimation.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies usage for estimating loan eligibility, but does not explicitly state when to use versus alternatives like alternative_credit_score or mpesa_creditworthiness. The Western parallel provides context but no exclusion guidance.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
mpesa_creditworthinessARead-only
Analyse M-PESA transaction patterns to assess creditworthiness. Takes simplified transaction summary inputs (no raw transaction data). Western parallel: Plaid income verification, Finicity, Experian Boost. DEMO — requires informed customer consent in production.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| months_analysed | Yes | Number of months of M-PESA history available (1-24) | |
| fuliza_usage_kes | Yes | Average monthly Fuliza (overdraft) usage in KES (0 if none) | |
| has_business_paybill | Yes | Receives payments to a business Paybill or Till number | |
| avg_monthly_inflow_kes | Yes | Average monthly M-PESA inflows (deposits received) in KES | |
| avg_monthly_outflow_kes | Yes | Average monthly M-PESA outflows (payments made) in KES |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
No output parameters | ||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Annotations already declare readOnlyHint=true. The description adds context: it requires simplified inputs (no raw data), is a demo, and needs customer consent, which goes beyond the annotation.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Three sentences that efficiently convey purpose, input constraints, western parallels, and usage caveat. No unnecessary words, but the parallels provide marginal value.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given 5 required params, output schema exists, and annotations provide readOnlyHint, the description adequately covers purpose, input nature, demo status, and consent requirement.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 100%, so the baseline is 3. The description only mentions 'simplified transaction summary inputs' without adding details beyond the schema.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states it analyses M-PESA transaction patterns to assess creditworthiness, with a specific verb and resource. It distinguishes from sibling tools like alternative_credit_score by focusing on M-PESA-specific data.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies usage for M-PESA transaction analysis and mentions Western parallels, but it lacks explicit when-not or alternatives to sibling tools.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
Tool Schema Changelog
Recent tool additions, removals, and schema changes observed during successful MCP inspections. Dates show when Glama detected each change.
5 tool updates
v0.1.0- First observed
alternative_credit_score - First observed
credit_improvement_tips - First observed
credit_report_summary - First observed
loan_eligibility - First observed
mpesa_creditworthiness
TDQS
Tools are mostly distinct: alternative_credit_score and mpesa_creditworthiness both use M-PESA data but one yields a score and the other analyzes patterns; credit_report_summary overlaps slightly but is a different product. Overall, an agent can differentiate them with clear descriptions.
All tool names follow a consistent snake_case pattern using descriptive noun phrases (e.g., loan_eligibility, credit_report_summary). No mixing of conventions or verb styles.
5 tools is an ideal scope for a credit assessment server, covering score estimation, improvement tips, report summary, eligibility check, and transaction pattern analysis without unnecessary bulk.
For a demo product, the tool set covers the full lifecycle of credit assessment: analysis, scoring, reporting, eligibility, and improvement. There are no obvious gaps for the stated purpose.
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