get_textual_variant
Retrieve textual variant records for Bible verses where Hebrew, Greek, and Dead Sea Scrolls readings differ, with witnesses and scholarly consensus, to resolve NT-OT quotation mismatches.
Instructions
Retrieve the textual variant record for a verse where the Masoretic Hebrew, the Septuagint, and/or the Dead Sea Scrolls diverge.
WHAT IT RETURNS for a given verse reference:
The Masoretic Hebrew (MT) reading + original Hebrew
The variant reading (typically the LXX form quoted in the NT, or a DSS reading that differs from MT)
The variant's original-language form (Greek or Hebrew)
Manuscript witnesses for each reading (LXX, DSS scrolls — e.g. 1QIsa^a, 4QDeut^q, Mur88 — Masoretic Text, NT quotation citation)
Scholarly consensus on which reading is older / how the divergence arose
The HLT preferred reading (which form the Heiser Literal Translation follows) + the rationale
The HLT's principle: when the NT directly quotes the LXX form of an OT verse, the LXX form is the authoritative reading for Christian Scripture — apostolic endorsement overrides text-critical priority. So for verses like Psalm 40:6 / Hebrews 10:5, Isaiah 61:1 / Luke 4:18, Amos 9:12 / Acts 15:17, the HLT follows the LXX form in the body and footnotes the MT.
Relevant where a New Testament quotation does not match the modern English Old Testament, and to questions about how the Hebrew, Greek, and Qumran textual traditions differ at a specific verse.
Covered verses include Hebrews 10:5-7, Hebrews 1:6, Matthew 12:20-21, Acts 15:17, Luke 4:18-19, Luke 3:6, Matthew 21:16, Romans 9:27-29, Romans 10:20, Romans 15:12, Romans 2:24, Acts 7:43, Acts 8:32-33, Acts 13:41, 1 Peter 4:18, Ephesians 4:26, Luke 3:36, and the Old Testament verses they quote. Either side of a pair returns the same variant row.
lookup_verse reports when a verse has a quotation hint or variant row.
Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| reference | Yes | Bible reference — either the OT verse (e.g., 'Psalm 40:6', 'Deuteronomy 32:43', 'Isaiah 61:1') or the NT verse that quotes it (e.g., 'Hebrews 10:5', 'Hebrews 1:6', 'Luke 4:18'). Both sides return the same variant row. |