SwiftUI-Implementing-Liquid-Glass-Design.md•8.08 kB
# Implementing Liquid Glass Design in SwiftUI
## Overview
Liquid Glass is a dynamic material introduced in iOS that combines the optical properties of glass with a sense of fluidity. It blurs content behind it, reflects color and light from surrounding content, and reacts to touch and pointer interactions in real time. This guide covers how to implement and customize Liquid Glass effects in SwiftUI applications.
Key features of Liquid Glass:
- Blurs content behind the material
- Reflects color and light from surrounding content
- Reacts to touch and pointer interactions
- Can morph between shapes during transitions
- Available for standard and custom components
## Basic Implementation
### Adding Liquid Glass to a View
The simplest way to add Liquid Glass to a view is using the `glassEffect()` modifier:
```swift
Text("Hello, World!")
.font(.title)
.padding()
.glassEffect()
```
By default, this applies the regular variant of Glass within a Capsule shape behind the view's content.
### Customizing the Shape
You can specify a different shape for the Liquid Glass effect:
```swift
Text("Hello, World!")
.font(.title)
.padding()
.glassEffect(in: .rect(cornerRadius: 16.0))
```
Common shape options:
- `.capsule` (default)
- `.rect(cornerRadius: CGFloat)`
- `.circle`
## Customizing Liquid Glass Effects
### Glass Variants and Properties
You can customize the Liquid Glass effect by configuring the `Glass` structure:
```swift
Text("Hello, World!")
.font(.title)
.padding()
.glassEffect(.regular.tint(.orange).interactive())
```
Key customization options:
- `.regular` - Standard glass effect
- `.tint(Color)` - Add a color tint to suggest prominence
- `.interactive(Bool)` - Make the glass react to touch and pointer interactions
### Making Interactive Glass
To make Liquid Glass react to touch and pointer interactions:
```swift
Text("Hello, World!")
.font(.title)
.padding()
.glassEffect(.regular.interactive(true))
```
Or more concisely:
```swift
Text("Hello, World!")
.font(.title)
.padding()
.glassEffect(.regular.interactive())
```
## Working with Multiple Glass Effects
### Using GlassEffectContainer
When applying Liquid Glass effects to multiple views, use `GlassEffectContainer` for better rendering performance and to enable blending and morphing effects:
```swift
GlassEffectContainer(spacing: 40.0) {
HStack(spacing: 40.0) {
Image(systemName: "scribble.variable")
.frame(width: 80.0, height: 80.0)
.font(.system(size: 36))
.glassEffect()
Image(systemName: "eraser.fill")
.frame(width: 80.0, height: 80.0)
.font(.system(size: 36))
.glassEffect()
}
}
```
The `spacing` parameter controls how the Liquid Glass effects interact with each other:
- Smaller spacing: Views need to be closer to merge effects
- Larger spacing: Effects merge at greater distances
### Uniting Multiple Glass Effects
To combine multiple views into a single Liquid Glass effect, use the `glassEffectUnion` modifier:
```swift
@Namespace private var namespace
// Later in your view:
GlassEffectContainer(spacing: 20.0) {
HStack(spacing: 20.0) {
ForEach(symbolSet.indices, id: \.self) { item in
Image(systemName: symbolSet[item])
.frame(width: 80.0, height: 80.0)
.font(.system(size: 36))
.glassEffect()
.glassEffectUnion(id: item < 2 ? "1" : "2", namespace: namespace)
}
}
}
```
This is useful when creating views dynamically or with views that live outside of an HStack or VStack.
## Morphing Effects and Transitions
### Creating Morphing Transitions
To create morphing effects during transitions between views with Liquid Glass:
1. Create a namespace using the `@Namespace` property wrapper
2. Associate each Liquid Glass effect with a unique identifier using `glassEffectID`
3. Use animations when changing the view hierarchy
```swift
@State private var isExpanded: Bool = false
@Namespace private var namespace
var body: some View {
GlassEffectContainer(spacing: 40.0) {
HStack(spacing: 40.0) {
Image(systemName: "scribble.variable")
.frame(width: 80.0, height: 80.0)
.font(.system(size: 36))
.glassEffect()
.glassEffectID("pencil", in: namespace)
if isExpanded {
Image(systemName: "eraser.fill")
.frame(width: 80.0, height: 80.0)
.font(.system(size: 36))
.glassEffect()
.glassEffectID("eraser", in: namespace)
}
}
}
Button("Toggle") {
withAnimation {
isExpanded.toggle()
}
}
.buttonStyle(.glass)
}
```
The morphing effect occurs when views with Liquid Glass appear or disappear due to view hierarchy changes.
## Button Styling with Liquid Glass
### Glass Button Style
SwiftUI provides built-in button styles for Liquid Glass:
```swift
Button("Click Me") {
// Action
}
.buttonStyle(.glass)
```
### Glass Prominent Button Style
For a more prominent glass button:
```swift
Button("Important Action") {
// Action
}
.buttonStyle(.glassProminent)
```
## Advanced Techniques
### Background Extension Effect
To stretch content behind a sidebar or inspector with the background extension effect:
```swift
NavigationSplitView {
// Sidebar content
} detail: {
// Detail content
.background {
// Background content that extends under the sidebar
}
}
```
### Extending Horizontal Scrolling Under Sidebar
To extend horizontal scroll views under a sidebar or inspector:
```swift
ScrollView(.horizontal) {
// Scrollable content
}
.scrollExtensionMode(.underSidebar)
```
## Best Practices
1. **Container Usage**: Always use `GlassEffectContainer` when applying Liquid Glass to multiple views for better performance and morphing effects.
2. **Effect Order**: Apply the `.glassEffect()` modifier after other modifiers that affect the appearance of the view.
3. **Spacing Consideration**: Carefully choose spacing values in containers to control how and when glass effects merge.
4. **Animation**: Use animations when changing view hierarchies to enable smooth morphing transitions.
5. **Interactivity**: Add `.interactive()` to glass effects that should respond to user interaction.
6. **Consistent Design**: Maintain consistent shapes and styles across your app for a cohesive look and feel.
## Example: Custom Badge with Liquid Glass
```swift
struct BadgeView: View {
let symbol: String
let color: Color
var body: some View {
ZStack {
Image(systemName: "hexagon.fill")
.foregroundColor(color)
.font(.system(size: 50))
Image(systemName: symbol)
.foregroundColor(.white)
.font(.system(size: 30))
}
.glassEffect(.regular, in: .rect(cornerRadius: 16))
}
}
// Usage:
GlassEffectContainer(spacing: 20) {
HStack(spacing: 20) {
BadgeView(symbol: "star.fill", color: .blue)
BadgeView(symbol: "heart.fill", color: .red)
BadgeView(symbol: "leaf.fill", color: .green)
}
}
```
## References
- [Applying Liquid Glass to custom views](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/Applying-Liquid-Glass-to-custom-views)
- [Landmarks: Building an app with Liquid Glass](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/Landmarks-Building-an-app-with-Liquid-Glass)
- [SwiftUI View.glassEffect(_:in:isEnabled:)](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/View/glassEffect(_:in:isEnabled:))
- [SwiftUI GlassEffectContainer](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/GlassEffectContainer)
- [SwiftUI GlassEffectTransition](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/GlassEffectTransition)
- [SwiftUI GlassButtonStyle](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/SwiftUI/GlassButtonStyle)