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MCP Time Server Node

by pshempel
rate-limiting-security-research.py10.1 kB
#!/usr/bin/env python3 """ Research script to identify potential security issues with current rate limiting implementation """ import json import time import subprocess from typing import Dict, Any, List class RateLimitingSecurityResearch: """Research potential security issues with rate limiting""" def __init__(self): self.findings = [] def research_current_implementation(self): """Analyze current implementation for security issues""" print("\n=== Rate Limiting Security Research ===\n") # 1. Memory-based storage vulnerabilities print("1. Memory-based storage analysis:") print(" - Current: Using in-memory array to store timestamps") print(" - Risk: Memory exhaustion attack by making many requests") print(" - Finding: Array grows with each request, cleaned up only on next check") self.findings.append({ "issue": "Memory exhaustion vulnerability", "severity": "Medium", "description": "Attacker could fill memory by making requests just under limit", "mitigation": "Add maximum array size limit or periodic cleanup" }) # 2. Per-instance limitation print("\n2. Per-instance rate limiting:") print(" - Current: Each server instance has separate rate limiter") print(" - Risk: Multiple instances bypass rate limits") print(" - Finding: No distributed rate limiting") self.findings.append({ "issue": "Per-instance bypass", "severity": "High", "description": "Multiple MCP clients can bypass rate limits", "mitigation": "Consider distributed rate limiting or document limitation" }) # 3. Time manipulation print("\n3. Time-based vulnerabilities:") print(" - Current: Using Date.now() for timestamps") print(" - Risk: System time changes could affect rate limiting") print(" - Finding: Vulnerable to clock drift/manipulation") self.findings.append({ "issue": "Clock manipulation", "severity": "Low", "description": "System time changes affect rate limiting", "mitigation": "Use monotonic clock or accept as limitation" }) # 4. No user identification print("\n4. Client identification:") print(" - Current: No client identification in stdio transport") print(" - Risk: Cannot implement per-user limits") print(" - Finding: All requests from one instance share limit") self.findings.append({ "issue": "No client differentiation", "severity": "Medium", "description": "Cannot implement per-user or per-API-key limits", "mitigation": "Document as stdio transport limitation" }) # 5. Header injection print("\n5. Response header security:") print(" - Current: Rate limit info in error data field") print(" - Risk: None - data is structured JSON") print(" - Finding: Properly structured, no injection risk") # 6. Denial of Service print("\n6. DoS potential:") print(" - Current: Synchronous rate limit check") print(" - Risk: Minimal - check is O(n) where n is requests in window") print(" - Finding: Could be optimized but not a security risk") def research_bypass_techniques(self): """Research potential bypass techniques""" print("\n=== Bypass Technique Analysis ===\n") techniques = [ { "name": "Parallel connections", "method": "Open multiple MCP connections simultaneously", "effectiveness": "High - each gets separate rate limit", "mitigation": "Document limitation, consider process limits" }, { "name": "Request timing", "method": "Time requests to maximize window usage", "effectiveness": "Low - sliding window prevents this", "mitigation": "Already mitigated by sliding window" }, { "name": "Error flooding", "method": "Send malformed requests to avoid rate limit", "effectiveness": "None - rate limit checked before parsing", "mitigation": "Already mitigated" }, { "name": "Connection recycling", "method": "Disconnect and reconnect to reset limit", "effectiveness": "High - new instance gets new limit", "mitigation": "Consider connection rate limiting" } ] for technique in techniques: print(f"\nTechnique: {technique['name']}") print(f"Method: {technique['method']}") print(f"Effectiveness: {technique['effectiveness']}") print(f"Mitigation: {technique['mitigation']}") if technique['effectiveness'] in ['High', 'Medium']: self.findings.append({ "issue": f"Bypass via {technique['name']}", "severity": technique['effectiveness'], "description": technique['method'], "mitigation": technique['mitigation'] }) def research_stress_scenarios(self): """Define stress test scenarios for rate limiting""" print("\n=== Stress Test Scenarios ===\n") scenarios = [ { "name": "Burst at limit", "description": "Send exactly limit requests as fast as possible", "expected": "All requests succeed, next one fails", "tests": ["Rate limit accuracy", "Performance under load"] }, { "name": "Sustained at limit", "description": "Send requests at exactly the allowed rate", "expected": "All requests succeed indefinitely", "tests": ["Sliding window accuracy", "Memory stability"] }, { "name": "Memory exhaustion", "description": "Send limit-1 requests repeatedly", "expected": "Memory usage should stay bounded", "tests": ["Memory leak", "Cleanup effectiveness"] }, { "name": "Parallel connections", "description": "Open 10 connections, each at limit", "expected": "Each connection gets full rate limit", "tests": ["Per-instance isolation", "System resource usage"] }, { "name": "Rapid reconnect", "description": "Connect, use limit, disconnect, repeat", "expected": "Each connection gets fresh limit", "tests": ["Connection overhead", "Resource cleanup"] }, { "name": "Clock drift simulation", "description": "Make requests while simulating clock changes", "expected": "Rate limiting remains consistent", "tests": ["Time manipulation resistance"] } ] print("Recommended stress test scenarios:") for scenario in scenarios: print(f"\n{scenario['name']}:") print(f" Description: {scenario['description']}") print(f" Expected: {scenario['expected']}") print(f" Tests: {', '.join(scenario['tests'])}") def generate_report(self): """Generate security findings report""" print("\n=== Security Findings Summary ===\n") high_severity = [f for f in self.findings if f['severity'] == 'High'] medium_severity = [f for f in self.findings if f['severity'] == 'Medium'] low_severity = [f for f in self.findings if f['severity'] == 'Low'] if high_severity: print(f"High Severity Issues ({len(high_severity)}):") for finding in high_severity: print(f" - {finding['issue']}: {finding['description']}") print(f" Mitigation: {finding['mitigation']}") if medium_severity: print(f"\nMedium Severity Issues ({len(medium_severity)}):") for finding in medium_severity: print(f" - {finding['issue']}: {finding['description']}") print(f" Mitigation: {finding['mitigation']}") if low_severity: print(f"\nLow Severity Issues ({len(low_severity)}):") for finding in low_severity: print(f" - {finding['issue']}: {finding['description']}") print(f" Mitigation: {finding['mitigation']}") # Save findings to JSON with open('research/rate-limiting-security-findings.json', 'w') as f: json.dump({ 'timestamp': time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), 'findings': self.findings, 'summary': { 'high': len(high_severity), 'medium': len(medium_severity), 'low': len(low_severity) } }, f, indent=2) print(f"\nFindings saved to: research/rate-limiting-security-findings.json") def main(): """Run rate limiting security research""" research = RateLimitingSecurityResearch() # Run research research.research_current_implementation() research.research_bypass_techniques() research.research_stress_scenarios() research.generate_report() print("\n=== Next Steps ===") print("1. Create stress tests for identified scenarios") print("2. Implement mitigations for high-severity issues") print("3. Document limitations that cannot be fixed") print("4. Add monitoring/alerting for rate limit bypasses") if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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