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Zotero MCP Lite

PyPI Zotero 7 Python 3.10+ MCP License: MIT uv

A high-performance Model Context Protocol (MCP) server for Zotero with customizable research workflows.

  • Full Local - No cloud, no API key; runs entirely via Zotero Desktop

  • Atomic Tools - 9 composable tools; LLM orchestrates as needed

  • MCP-Native - Works with any MCP client

  • Extensible - User-editable prompts to match your research style

  • Easy Deploy - Single command install, auto-detects Zotero

Architecture

flowchart LR
    subgraph MCP [Zotero MCP Lite]
        Read[Read Operations]
        Write[Write Operations]
    end
  
    subgraph Zotero [Zotero Desktop]
        LocalAPI["/api/ endpoint"]
        ConnectorAPI["/connector/ endpoint"]
        SQLite[(zotero.sqlite)]
    end
  
    Read -->|GET| LocalAPI
    Read -->|Direct SQL| SQLite
    Write -->|POST saveItems| ConnectorAPI
    LocalAPI --> SQLite
    ConnectorAPI --> SQLite

Related MCP server: Zotero MCP Server

Quick Start

Prerequisites

  1. Python 3.10+

  2. Zotero 7+ installed (the Local API is a Zotero 7 feature; earlier versions are not supported)

Step 0: Enable Zotero Local API

The Local API allows third-party applications to communicate with Zotero. This is required.

Steps:

  1. Open ZoteroEditSettings (or Preferences on macOS)

  2. Go to Advanced tab

  3. Under General (in Zotero 7), check "Allow other applications on this computer to communicate with Zotero"

  4. The API will be available at http://localhost:23119/api/

Note: The Local API requires manual enabling (unlike the browser Connector).

Step 1: Install

Recommended:

uv tool install zotero-mcp-lite

Alternative (requires Python 3.10+):

pip install zotero-mcp-lite
# From GitHub (latest development version)
uv tool install "git+https://github.com/xmruuu/zotero-mcp-lite.git"

# From source (for development)
git clone https://github.com/xmruuu/zotero-mcp-lite.git
cd zotero-mcp-lite && uv sync
uv run zotero-mcp setup

# Direct run without install
uvx zotero-mcp-lite serve

Step 2: Setup

zotero-mcp setup

This detects your Zotero installation and configures MCP clients automatically.

Step 3: Connect to MCP Client

Claude Code (one command):

claude mcp add zotero -- zotero-mcp serve

Other MCP clients — add to your MCP config file:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "zotero": {
      "command": "zotero-mcp",
      "args": ["serve"]
    }
  }
}

Config file locations: claude_desktop_config.json (Claude Desktop), Settings → MCP (Cursor), ~/.gemini/settings.json (Gemini CLI)

That's it! You're ready to use Zotero with AI assistants.

Remote setup (claude.ai web · Word add-in · mobile)

The default serve command uses stdio transport, which works only with locally-installed clients (Claude Desktop, Cursor, Claude Code). To make Zotero MCP available in claude.ai web, the Microsoft Word Claude add-in, or any other surface that runs through your claude.ai account, the server must be reachable over HTTPS as a Custom Connector.

Two architectural realities to know up front:

  • Zotero must run on the same machine as the MCP server — the server talks to Zotero's local API at 127.0.0.1:23119. Each user runs their own server; no central hosted instance is possible.

  • claude.ai Custom Connectors only support OAuth (not pasted bearer tokens). This server embeds a small OAuth 2.1 authorization server with both DCR (RFC 7591) and CIMD support so claude.ai's connector flow works out of the box.

Quickest path: the wizard

zotero-mcp setup --remote

This will:

  1. Download cloudflared if it isn't already on your system (cached under your user data dir).

  2. Generate a random admin password and write it to .env (or reuse the existing one).

  3. Start a Cloudflare tunnel and capture the public *.trycloudflare.com URL.

  4. Start the MCP server with OAuth enabled.

  5. Print the connector URL to paste into claude.ai → Settings → Connectors → Add custom connector. When the login page appears in your browser, enter the password from step 2.

  6. Watch for the OAuth handshake to complete and print Connected!

Leave the window open — closing it stops the tunnel and the server. For a long-running deployment, run as a system service.

Manual setup

Prefer to wire things yourself? Set both environment variables in .env:

ZOTERO_MCP_ADMIN_PASSWORD=<a long random string>
ZOTERO_MCP_PUBLIC_URL=https://<your-tunnel-url>

Start a tunnel of your choice:

Tunnel

Why

Cloudflare Tunnel

Free, stable URL, no signup needed for *.trycloudflare.com. cloudflared tunnel --url http://localhost:8000

ngrok

Easiest for a quick test. Free tier rotates the URL each restart. ngrok http 8000

Tailscale Funnel

Free, gives a stable *.ts.net HTTPS URL. Requires a Tailscale account.

Then run the server:

zotero-mcp serve --transport streamable-http --port 8000

Add the public URL (with /mcp path) on claude.ai: Settings → Connectors → Add custom connector.

Security caveats

  • The admin password is the only thing protecting your Zotero library on the public internet. Use a strong random password. The .env file is sensitive — keep its file permissions tight, do not commit it.

  • --no-auth exists as an escape hatch for local debugging. Never expose an unauthenticated server through a tunnel — anyone with the URL can read and write your Zotero library (including zotero_create_note).

  • OAuth tokens persist in a SQLite file under your user data directory. Delete that file to effectively log out claude.ai everywhere.

Features

9 Atomic MCP Tools

Search and Navigation

  • zotero_search_items - Keyword search with tag filtering

  • zotero_get_recent - Recently modified/added items (excludes notes by default)

  • zotero_get_collections - List all collections

  • zotero_get_collection_items - Items in a collection (excludes notes by default)

  • zotero_search_annotations - Search highlights across library (PDF, EPUB, snapshot)

Content Reading

  • zotero_get_item_metadata - Metadata, authors, abstract, tags

  • zotero_get_item_children - Attachments, notes, and annotations (PDF/EPUB/snapshot)

  • zotero_get_item_fulltext - Full text extraction

Writing (via local Connector API)

  • zotero_create_note - Create note with full formatting support (tables, lists, line breaks)

4 Research Skills (MCP Prompts)

Pre-defined workflows that guide AI through common academic tasks:

Skill

Use Case

What It Does

knowledge_discovery(query)

Explore a topic

Searches titles AND your annotations

literature_review(item_key)

Deep-dive one paper

Structured analysis from annotations or full text

comparative_review(item_keys)

Compare papers

Table-rich synthesis with insights

bibliography_export(item_keys)

Prepare citations

APA, IEEE, and BibTeX formats

Works with or without annotations. Fully customizable. See Customizing Skills.

Debugging

Debugging MCP servers can be challenging. Use MCP Inspector:

npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector zotero-mcp serve

This opens a web UI to test tools and prompts interactively.

Technical Notes

  • Annotations: Direct SQLite query (faster than Web API, works offline)

  • Cross-platform: Auto-detects Zotero on Windows, macOS, Linux

  • Architecture: Read via /api/, Write via /connector/, Annotations via SQLite

Customizing Skills

Prompts are fully customizable. Copy from the package defaults and edit:

~/.zotero-mcp/prompts/
├── literature_review.md      # Single paper analysis skill
├── comparative_review.md     # Multi-paper comparison skill
├── knowledge_discovery.md    # Topic exploration skill
└── bibliography_export.md    # Citation export skill

Loading order: User files (~/.zotero-mcp/prompts/) take priority over package defaults.

Edit the .md files to customize analysis sections, add new ones, or change the output format entirely.

Credits

Thanks to @54yyyu for the original zotero-mcp project.

License

MIT License - See LICENSE file.

Available Tools

9 tools
zotero_create_noteA

Create a note in Zotero with full formatting support (tables, lists, line breaks). Use for: saving literature reviews, summaries, research memos, or any content. Attach to a paper with parent_key for organized reference management. Content is auto-converted to HTML; line breaks and spacing are preserved.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
contentYes
parent_keyNo
tagsNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A4/5.0
Behavior3/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

With no annotations provided, the description must fully disclose behavioral traits. It reveals that content is auto-converted to HTML and line breaks/spacing are preserved. However, it omits details about error behavior (e.g., invalid parent_key), authentication requirements, rate limits, or confirmation of creation success. The mutation nature is implied but not explicitly stated.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is three sentences with no wasted words: first sentence states purpose and formatting, second lists use cases, third explains behavior. It is front-loaded with the primary action and remains succinct.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Given the tool simplicity (3 parameters, 1 required) and the existence of an output schema, the description covers the essential context: purpose, use cases, and key parameter behaviors. It does not describe the return value, but the output schema likely fulfills that. A brief mention of what to expect upon creation would improve completeness.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 0%, so the description must compensate. It explains that 'Content is auto-converted to HTML' (adding meaning to the content parameter) and that parent_key attaches to a paper for organization. However, it does not mention the tags parameter or provide any syntax or constraints, leaving a gap.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the tool's verb 'Create' and resource 'note in Zotero', specifies formatting support (tables, lists, line breaks), and lists concrete use cases (literature reviews, summaries, research memos). It distinguishes itself from sibling tools, which are all retrieval-oriented (get, search), making its purpose unambiguous.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description provides clear usage guidance: 'Use for: saving literature reviews, summaries, research memos, or any content' and 'Attach to a paper with parent_key for organized reference management.' It does not explicitly state when not to use or compare to alternatives, but since all siblings are read-only, exclusions are implicitly clear.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_collection_itemsA

List all papers and references in a specific collection/folder. Default shows papers only; use item_type='' to include notes in the collection. Returns item keys for get_item_metadata (citation) or get_item_children (highlights).

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
collection_keyYes
limitNo
item_typeNo-attachment -note

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A3.7/5.0
Behavior2/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Description says 'List all' but schema has limit default 25, implying pagination. Fails to disclose that results may be truncated. With no annotations, this is a notable gap.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two efficient sentences: first states purpose, second adds filtering behavior and downstream usage. No fluff, front-loaded.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness3/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Covers main workflow, but lacks explanation of limit/pagination and does not clarify that only keys are returned (though output schema may cover structure). Adequate but not comprehensive given no annotations.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Adds crucial meaning for item_type parameter (default papers only, use '' for notes). But does not explain collection_key or limit; given 0% schema coverage, description partially compensates but not fully.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Clearly states it lists papers/references in a collection, with default filtering. Distinguishes purpose from sibling tools by specifying output keys for use with get_item_metadata or get_item_children.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Provides guidance on using item_type parameter to include notes, and suggests subsequent tools for citation metadata or highlights. Could be more explicit about when not to use this tool vs zotero_search_items.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_collectionsA

List all folders/collections in your reference library with hierarchy. Shows how your literature is organized (by project, topic, course, etc). Use collection key with get_collection_items to browse papers in a folder.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
limitNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A3.6/5.0
Behavior3/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations provided, so description carries full burden. It states the tool shows hierarchy and organization, but does not disclose details like pagination, rate limits, or that it is a read-only operation. Adequate but limited.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Three concise sentences, all front-loaded with purpose and usage guidance. No wasted words.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness3/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

The description lacks details about the 'limit' parameter and does not explain the output format despite having an output schema. For a list tool, omitting behavior of the only parameter is a gap.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters1/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema coverage is 0% and the description does not mention the 'limit' parameter at all. The description adds no value beyond the schema's parameter outline, which itself has no descriptions.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the tool lists all folders/collections with hierarchy, using specific verb 'list' and resource 'folders/collections'. It distinguishes from sibling tools like zotero_get_collection_items which focuses on items within a collection.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description explicitly mentions using the collection key with get_collection_items to browse papers, providing clear alternative usage. It does not explicitly state when not to use this tool, but the guidance is helpful.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_item_childrenB

Retrieve your reading annotations and notes for a paper. Returns: highlights (with colors) from PDFs, EPUBs, and webpage snapshots, plus margin comments and standalone notes. Essential for literature_review prompt to analyze your reading insights.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
item_keyYes

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

B3.1/5.0
Behavior3/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations are provided, so the description must carry the burden. It describes the return content in detail (highlights, colors, margin comments, notes), suggesting a read-only operation. However, it does not explicitly state it is non-destructive or mention any side effects, rate limits, or authentication needs.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is two sentences, front-loaded with the action, and every sentence adds value. No extraneous information.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness2/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

While the description explains the return content well, it omits critical context: the parameter 'item_key' is unexplained, and the output schema is not referenced. For a simple tool with 1 param, the description is incomplete.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters1/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

The input schema has 0% description coverage, and the description fails to explain the single required parameter 'item_key'. It does not provide any context on what it is or how to obtain it, leaving the agent without necessary information.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the action ('Retrieve... annotations and notes') and the resource ('a paper'). It distinguishes from siblings by specifying the return of highlights with colors, margin comments, and notes. However, the tool name 'item_children' is broader than 'annotations and notes,' causing a slight mismatch.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines3/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description provides a usage context ('Essential for literature_review prompt') but does not explicitly compare to siblings like zotero_search_annotations or specify when not to use this tool. The guidelines are implicit rather than direct.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_item_fulltextA

Extract and read the full text content from a PDF paper. Use when you need to analyze the actual paper content beyond the abstract. Long papers are truncated; ask about specific sections if needed.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
item_keyYes
max_charsNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A4/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations provided, so description carries full burden. It discloses that long papers are truncated and suggests asking about specific sections, which is key behavioral info. Lacks explicit mention of being read-only or requiring PDF access, but 'Extract and read' implies non-destructive.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two sentences, front-loaded with verb and object. No wasted words. First sentence states core purpose, second adds usage guidance and a behavioral note.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness3/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Has output schema but no annotations. Description provides basic purpose and truncation info but omits parameter explanations, preconditions (item must have PDF), and whether it's read-only. Adequate but not thorough for a 2-param tool.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters2/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema has 2 parameters with 0% description coverage. Description does not explain item_key (required identifier) or max_chars (optional limit). Schema property names are somewhat self-explanatory, but the description should clarify them for reliable use.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Description clearly states it extracts full text from PDF papers, using specific verb 'Extract and read' and resource 'full text content from a PDF paper'. It distinguishes from sibling tools like zotero_get_item_metadata (which likely returns metadata/abstract) and search tools.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Explicitly says 'Use when you need to analyze the actual paper content beyond the abstract', which guides when to invoke. Also mentions truncation for long papers, implying when to ask for sections. Does not explicitly exclude other use cases or mention alternatives, but context is clear.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_item_metadataA

Get complete bibliographic metadata for academic citation and analysis. Returns: title, authors, abstract, journal/venue, DOI, publication date, and tags. For reading annotations (PDF/EPUB/snapshot) use get_item_children; for full text use get_item_fulltext. TIP: For structured literature review, invoke /literature_review prompt instead of ad-hoc analysis.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
item_keyYes
include_bibtexNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A4.3/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations are provided, so the description carries full burden. It describes the output (metadata fields) but does not mention any side effects, permissions, or error conditions. However, for a read-only metadata retrieval tool, this is largely sufficient and adds context beyond the bare schema.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two compact sentences plus a tip, front-loaded with purpose and output details. No redundant words; every sentence adds value.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

An output schema exists (unseen) but the description lists key return fields. It lacks details about required input validation or error conditions, but the presence of sibling tools and the specific purpose make it adequately complete for a metadata retrieval tool.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters2/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 0%, requiring the description to explain parameters. The description does not mention `item_key` (what it identifies) or `include_bibtex` (what it does). It only describes the return values, leaving parameter meaning entirely to the schema names.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Clearly states the tool retrieves complete bibliographic metadata for academic citation and analysis. Lists specific fields returned (title, authors, abstract, journal/venue, DOI, date, tags). Differentiates from sibling tools by explicitly mentioning alternatives for annotations (get_item_children) and full text (get_item_fulltext).

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines5/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Explicitly tells when to use alternative tools: 'For reading annotations...use get_item_children; for full text use get_item_fulltext.' Also advises using a dedicated prompt for literature reviews instead of ad-hoc analysis, providing clear usage boundaries.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_get_recentA

Get recently read, modified, or imported papers from your library. Default shows papers only; use item_type='' to include standalone notes. Use sort_by='dateAdded' for new imports, 'dateModified' for recent reading activity.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
limitNo
sort_byNodateModified
item_typeNo-attachment -note

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A4.2/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Without annotations, description explains default behavior (papers only, sorting by dateModified) and how to modify it. Discloses that it returns recent items, but doesn't explicitly state it is read-only or mention pagination. Still, clear and consistent.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two sentences only; first sentence clearly states purpose, second sentence provides critical parameter guidance. No wasted words, front-loaded effectively.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Covers main use cases and parameter behavior. Output schema exists so return details aren't needed. Could mention that results are a subset of library items, but overall adequate for a simple tool.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters4/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema has 0% description coverage, but description adds meaning for sort_by and item_type (e.g., 'dateModified' for reading activity, 'dateAdded' for imports, default excludes notes). Doesn't explain limit, but its purpose is obvious.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Description uses specific verb 'Get' and resource 'recently read, modified, or imported papers from your library', clearly distinguishing it from general search tools. The name 'get_recent' aligns with the behavior.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines3/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Provides guidance on when to use different parameter values (e.g., sort_by='dateAdded' for imports, item_type='' for notes), but does not explicitly compare to sibling tools like zotero_search_items or mention when not to use this tool.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_search_annotationsA

Search all annotations (PDF, EPUB, snapshot) and your comments across your entire library by keyword. Finds your reading insights containing the search term across all papers. Returns: highlighted text, your comments, page numbers, and parent paper context. Use for: cross-paper knowledge synthesis, finding where you discussed a concept, building thematic connections from your reading history.

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
queryYes
limitNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A4.1/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

With no annotations provided, the description effectively discloses behavioral traits: it searches all annotations and comments across all papers, returns highlighted text, comments, page numbers, and parent paper context. It does not detail ordering or pagination, but the core behavior is transparent.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is concise at 5 sentences, front-loaded with the core functionality, followed by return details and use cases. Every sentence adds value without redundancy.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Given the presence of an output schema, the description adequately covers the return values and the search scope. It lacks mention of result ordering or maximum results, but overall it sufficiently explains the tool's purpose and output for effective use.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters2/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema coverage is 0%, so the description must clarify parameters. It describes 'query' as a keyword, which is helpful, but neither 'limit' (default 50) is mentioned nor its purpose explained. The description adds no value beyond what the schema property names imply.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the tool searches annotations across the entire library by keyword, specifying the types (PDF, EPUB, snapshot) and including your comments. It distinguishes itself from siblings like zotero_search_items by focusing on annotations and comments rather than item metadata.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description explicitly lists use cases: cross-paper knowledge synthesis, finding where a concept was discussed, building thematic connections. While it doesn't explicitly say when not to use it or compare to siblings, the use cases provide clear guidance for appropriate scenarios.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

zotero_search_itemsA

Search your reference library for papers, articles, books, or notes by keyword. Default searches title/author/year; use qmode='everything' to search full text and note contents. Returns item keys for get_item_metadata (details) or get_item_children (highlights/notes).

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
queryYes
qmodeNotitleCreatorYear
item_typeNo-attachment
limitNo
tagNo

Output Schema

ParametersJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescription
resultYes

TDQS

A3.8/5.0
Behavior3/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

No annotations are provided, so the description carries the full burden. It discloses that the tool searches and returns item keys, and describes two search modes. However, it does not explicitly state that the operation is read-only (implied but not confirmed), nor does it mention any rate limits or other behavioral traits.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

Two sentences with clear front-loading. Every sentence adds value: first states purpose, second explains modes and follow-up. No wasted words.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

For a search tool with an output schema, the description covers the primary purpose and usage. It explains two qmodes and directs to related tools. However, it omits details about default item_type (excludes attachments) and pagination via limit, which would help completeness given the 5 parameters.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema coverage is 0%, so description must compensate. It adds value by explaining qmode options ('titleCreatorYear' default vs. 'everything') and the return type (item keys). But it does not describe the purpose of item_type, limit, or tag parameters, leaving gaps for a 5-parameter tool.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

Description clearly states it searches a reference library by keyword and specifies the resource type (papers, articles, books, notes). It connects to sibling tools by mentioning item keys for get_item_metadata or get_item_children. However, it could more explicitly differentiate from zotero_search_annotations, which searches annotations.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Provides clear guidance on when to use default vs. 'everything' qmode, explaining that default searches title/author/year while 'everything' searches full text and note contents. Also informs the agent about subsequent tools to use (get_item_metadata or get_item_children). Does not explicitly state when to avoid this tool in favor of others like list tools.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

Tool Schema Changelog

Recent tool additions, removals, and schema changes observed during successful MCP inspections.

  1. 9 tool updatesv0.2.0
    • First observedzotero_create_note
    • First observedzotero_get_collection_items
    • First observedzotero_get_collections
    • First observedzotero_get_item_children
    • First observedzotero_get_item_fulltext
    • First observedzotero_get_item_metadata
    • First observedzotero_get_recent
    • First observedzotero_search_annotations
    • First observedzotero_search_items

TDQS

A3.9/5.0

Scored across 9 tools

Disambiguation5/5

Each tool targets a distinct operation: navigating collections, retrieving items, metadata, full text, annotations, notes, searching, and recent items. No overlap in functionality.

Naming Consistency5/5

All tools follow a consistent 'zotero_verb_noun' pattern with underscores. Verbs clearly indicate action (create, get, search) and nouns specify target (collection, item, note, annotation).

Tool Count5/5

9 tools is well-scoped for a reference management server. It covers browsing, searching, metadata, full text, annotations, and note creation without being excessive.

Completeness3/5

Covers reading and note creation well but lacks update/delete operations for items and collections. This is acceptable for a 'lite' server, but full lifecycle is incomplete.

Maintenance

ActivityInactive
ResponsivenessNo issues

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