USE CASES:
- Check if a host is reachable over the network
- Measure round-trip time (latency) to a host
- Diagnose network connectivity issues
- Verify if a firewall is blocking ICMP traffic

WHAT IT DOES:
- Sends multiple ICMP echo request packets to the target host
- Waits for echo response packets
- Reports packet loss percentage and response times

PARAMETERS:
- host: Required. The hostname or IP address to ping (e.g., 'google.com', '8.8.8.8')
- count: Optional. Number of ping packets to send (default: 4)

OUTPUT:
- Packet loss statistics
- Min/Avg/Max response times
- Will show '100% packet loss' if host is unreachable or blocking ICMP

USE CASES:
- Identify network path between source and destination
- Diagnose where network latency is occurring
- Find broken or slow network hops
- Understand network topology for debugging

WHAT IT DOES:
- Sends packets with increasing TTL (Time To Live) values
- Each router along the path decrements TTL and returns its IP
- Shows all intermediate hops between your machine and target

PARAMETERS:
- host: Required. The hostname or IP address to trace (e.g., 'cloudflare.com')
- max_hops: Optional. Maximum number of hops to trace (default: 30)
- timeout: Optional. Seconds to wait for each hop response (default: 5)

OUTPUT:
- List of all hops (routers) along the path
- IP address of each hop
- Round-trip time for each hop
- Shows '* * *' for hops that don't respond

NOTE: On Windows, this command is called 'tracert' instead of 'traceroute'