# FRED — Federal Reserve Economic Data

The St. Louis Fed's data warehouse: 800,000+ economic time series spanning interest rates, inflation, employment, GDP, money supply, exchange rates, and metro-level indicators. The most authoritative, continuously updated source for US macro and monetary data — used by economists, policymakers, and journalists.

Part of [Pipeworx](https://pipeworx.io) — an MCP gateway connecting AI agents to 1865+ live data sources. This is an independent, unofficial integration — not affiliated with, endorsed by, or published by the upstream provider.

## Why this matters for AI agents

Most "what is the current X" macro questions resolve to a FRED series. An agent that knows the series ID can answer with the actual current value, not a training-data snapshot. Common ones:

- 30-year mortgage rate → `MORTGAGE30US`
- Federal funds rate → `DFF`
- CPI (all items) → `CPIAUCSL`
- Unemployment rate → `UNRATE`
- 10-year treasury yield → `DGS10`
- Housing starts → `HOUST`
- Case-Shiller home price index → `CSUSHPISA`

If your agent is answering a question about US macroeconomic state, the right pattern is `fred_search` (find the right series) → `fred_series_info` (confirm units and frequency) → `fred_get_series` (get the values).

## Auth

FRED requires an API key. It's free at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/docs/api/api_key.html — takes 30 seconds, no payment, no rate-limit terror.

Pass via `_apiKey` per call:

```js
fred_get_series({
  series_id: "MORTGAGE30US",
  _apiKey: "your-fred-api-key"
})
```

Or subscribe to the [Housing Vertical](/docs/concepts/verticals) which manages the key for you.

## Update cadence

| Series class | Update frequency |
|---|---|
| Daily series (rates, exchange rates) | Daily, ~1 business day lag |
| Weekly (mortgage rates) | Weekly, Thursday |
| Monthly (CPI, unemployment, retail sales) | Monthly, ~2-3 weeks after month end |
| Quarterly (GDP) | Quarterly, ~1 month after quarter end |

Pipeworx caches FRED responses with TTLs matching these cadences — see [caching and freshness](/docs/concepts/caching-and-freshness).

## Citable URI

Embed in your output for stable citations:

```
pipeworx://fred/series/{series_id}
pipeworx://fred/series/{series_id}/observations
```

Other agents (and `resources/read`) can resolve these to the current value of the series.

## ALFRED vintages: "what did this number say on date X"

FRED revises most series after first publication (GDP, payrolls, retail sales…).
`fred_get_series` defaults to the latest revised values — pass one of these to
ask for an earlier vintage instead:

- `as_of: "2020-03-15"` — the data exactly as it stood on that date. Shorthand
  for `realtime_start = realtime_end = as_of`.
- `realtime_start` / `realtime_end` — an explicit publication window, for the
  rarer case of a custom range rather than a single date.

Omitting all three is the default and is unchanged: no `vintage` field, same
values as before this parameter existed. Passing any of them adds a `vintage`
object to the response (`{as_of, realtime_start, realtime_end}`) so you can
tell which vintage you're looking at.

```js
fred_get_series({ series_id: "GDPC1", as_of: "2024-01-15", limit: 1 })
// -> the GDP print as FRED had it published on 2024-01-15, before later revisions
```

Two more tools cover the revision history directly:

- **`fred_vintage_dates({ series_id })`** — every date FRED published a new
  vintage of the series (initial release or a later revision).
- **`fred_revisions({ series_id, observation_date })`** — how ONE observation's
  value changed across every vintage, from `first_release` to `latest`. Use
  this on revision-prone series (GDP `GDPC1`, payrolls `PAYEMS`) to see the
  originally reported number versus today's.

```js
fred_revisions({ series_id: "GDPC1", observation_date: "2023-10-01" })
// -> revisions: [{ vintage_date: "2023-10-26", value: "22490.692" }, ...]
//    one entry per ALFRED vintage, oldest first; first_release is the
//    earliest, latest the most recent. Consecutive vintages can repeat the
//    same value — compare first_release.value to latest.value to see
//    whether this observation was ever actually revised.
```

## Reading a `fred_get_series` response

| Field | What it is |
|---|---|
| `count` | How many observations FRED holds for the requested window. |
| `returned` | How many are in `observations` — `limit` caps this at 20 by default. |
| `truncated` | True when `returned < count`; `note` says so in words. |
| `observation_order` | `newest_first` (default) or `oldest_first` (`sort_order: "asc"`). |
| `observation_start` / `observation_end` | The series' **real coverage**, from FRED's series metadata. |
| `requested_start` / `requested_end` | The window you asked for. Absent when you asked for none. |

The last two rows are the one to know about. FRED's observations endpoint echoes
`observation_start`/`observation_end` back as it received them, and substitutes
`1600-01-01` / `9999-12-31` when the caller sets neither — so this pack used to
report that US GDP ran from 1600 through 9999. Those names now carry the coverage
from the series metadata, matching what `fred_series_info` and `fred_search`
already mean by them.

## Regional Fed nowcasts (keyless, not FRED series)

Two tools in this pack proxy regional Federal Reserve Bank websites directly
rather than the St. Louis Fed's API — neither series exists in FRED's own
catalog, confirmed by `fred_search` before building. No `_apiKey` needed.

- **`nyfed_gdp_nowcast()`** — the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's weekly
  real GDP growth nowcast for the quarter(s) it is currently tracking, with
  50%/80% probability intervals, the publisher's own narrative, and recent
  concluded quarters' final nowcast versus the actual BEA GDP print. Updated
  every Friday.
- **`cleveland_fed_inflation_nowcast()`** — the Federal Reserve Bank of
  Cleveland's daily CPI/PCE inflation nowcast (headline and core), as
  month-over-month, year-over-year, and quarterly-annualized figures. A blank
  cell means the official BLS/BEA release for that period already exists.
  Updated every business day.

```js
nyfed_gdp_nowcast({})
// -> current_estimates: [{ quarter: "2026:Q3", nowcast_pct: 2.7, ... }, { quarter: "2026:Q4", nowcast_pct: 2.8 }]

cleveland_fed_inflation_nowcast({})
// -> current: { month: "October 2026", month_over_month_pct: { cpi: 0.27, ... }, year_over_year_pct: { cpi: 3.77, ... } }
```

## Common pitfalls

- **Vintages**: FRED preserves historical "vintages" (data as it was reported at time T). Default tool calls get the latest revised series. Pass `as_of` (or `realtime_start`/`realtime_end`) to `fred_get_series` for as-of queries, or use `fred_revisions` to see the full history of one observation.
- **Frequency aggregation**: `frequency` parameter coerces to a different cadence (e.g., daily → monthly average). Default is the series' native frequency.
- **Units transformation**: `units` parameter computes derived series at request time (`pch` for percent change, `pca` for compound annual rate, etc.). Don't compute these client-side; let FRED do it.
- **Series renamed**: occasionally the Fed deprecates a series and creates a successor. Old IDs return errors. `fred_search` is the recovery path.

## Quick Start

Add to your MCP client (Claude Desktop, Cursor, Windsurf, etc.):

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "fred": {
      "url": "https://gateway.pipeworx.io/fred/mcp"
    }
  }
}
```

### What this endpoint actually serves

`tools/list` at `https://gateway.pipeworx.io/fred/mcp` returns the tools in the table
above **plus the shared Pipeworx meta-tools** — `ask_pipeworx`,
`discover_tools`, `search_within`, `remember`/`recall` and the rest of the
gateway-wide set. So the tool count you see is larger than this table: a
single-pack endpoint currently lists roughly 30 shared tools alongside the
pack's own. The connection's `initialize` response states its exact scope, and
is the authoritative answer for a given day.

This is deliberate, not multiplexing by accident. The meta-tools are what let a
scoped connection answer a question this pack does not cover — via
`ask_pipeworx`, which routes across the whole catalog — without you adding a
second MCP server. There is currently no way to mount a pack endpoint without
them; if the extra schemas cost you more context than the routing is worth,
connect to the full gateway once rather than to several pack endpoints.

Or connect to the full Pipeworx gateway to get every pack's tools listed
directly, instead of just this one's:

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "pipeworx": {
      "url": "https://gateway.pipeworx.io/mcp"
    }
  }
}
```

Both URLs reach the same gateway and the same 1865+ data sources. The
only difference is which pack's tools are listed **directly**; `ask_pipeworx`
reaches all of them from either one.

## No MCP client? Call it over HTTP

```bash
curl -X POST https://gateway.pipeworx.io/v1/tools/fred_get_series \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"series_id":"MORTGAGE30US"}'
```

No account needed for the first calls. Inspect any tool: `GET https://gateway.pipeworx.io/v1/tools/fred_get_series`. Find one: `POST https://gateway.pipeworx.io/v1/tools/search_packs` with `{"query":"..."}`.

## Run it from npm

`@pipeworx/mcp-fred` is a local stdio bridge to the Pipeworx gateway: your MCP client
starts it with `npx`, and it forwards every call to the same
`https://gateway.pipeworx.io/fred/mcp` endpoint shown above. It needs network access;
there is no offline mode.

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "fred": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@pipeworx/mcp-fred"]
    }
  }
}
```

Without a key it calls anonymously, capped at 50 calls a day. A free account
raises that to 200 a day: get a key at https://pipeworx.io/signup and add
`"env": { "PIPEWORX_API_KEY": "<your key>" }` to the server entry.
The key is sent as a Bearer token, the same way a hosted connection sends it,
so calls are metered and billed exactly as they are there.

It lists **only** this pack's tools by default. Set `PIPEWORX_META_TOOLS=1` to
also list `ask_pipeworx` and the other gateway-wide tools.

Behind an HTTPS proxy: Node's built-in `fetch` does not read `HTTPS_PROXY` by
default. Newer Node releases honour it when `NODE_USE_ENV_PROXY=1` is set; check
your Node version's documentation.

## Using with ask_pipeworx

Instead of calling tools directly, you can ask questions in plain English —
this works on the pack endpoint above as well as on the full gateway:

```
ask_pipeworx({ question: "your question about Fred data" })
```

The gateway picks the right tool and fills the arguments automatically.

## More

- [Docs and guides](https://pipeworx.io/docs)
- [pipeworx.io](https://pipeworx.io)

## License

MIT