Google Scholar Scraper Alternative: Papers, Citations & BibTeX
literature_searchSearch 250M+ scholarly works by topic, Boolean query, or seed DOIs to build reading lists, find real papers, and expand citation networks with ranked results and ready citations.
Instructions
Search 250M+ scholarly works (OpenAlex) by topic query or seed DOIs and return ranked papers with DOI, citation count, free PDF link, retraction flag and a ready citation. Unlike pubmed_evidence_table (PubMed biomedical records with study design and PRISMA counts), this covers every discipline and supports citation-network expansion. Use when you need real papers on a topic, a reading list, or papers citing/cited by known DOIs. Do not use for systematic biomedical screening (use pubmed_evidence_table) or to find people (use researcher_expert_finder). Parameters: seedDois with no query walks the citation network per seedMode (citing = forward, references = backward); with a query it searches inside that network. searchIn=fullText broadens recall but lowers precision. retractedPapers=flag returns and bills retracted papers marked FIX; exclude drops them unbilled. sortBy changes dataset order only; readingListSize does not affect cost. Returns per item: summary, status, title, authors, year, venue, doi, citations, readingRank, readingScore, isOpenAccess, pdfUrl, retracted, citation, bibtex, ris, abstract.
Behavior: read-only; runs the Apify Actor pandadad0214/literature-search (https://apify.com/pandadad0214/literature-search) on your own Apify account. Price: $0.003 per paper found. Runs that find nothing are not charged per result, and spending is capped per call by run_max_charge_usd (default $0.50). run_max_items (default 50) limits items returned and fills maxResults when you leave it unset, so it also limits what is billed; setting maxResults higher can bill more than is returned. Most calls finish in 5-15 s for a few inputs; large inputs or crawls can take minutes, so raise run_timeout_secs (max 300) or shrink the input after a timeout error. Returns JSON {actor, count, items}; long text output is trimmed to whole items, with all items in structuredContent.
Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| query | No | Search query. Topic or Boolean query. Use quotes for phrases and AND / OR / NOT in capitals, e.g. "retrieval augmented generation" AND (clinical OR medicine) NOT survey. Leave empty to explore around seed papers only. | |
| types | No | Document types. Leave empty for all paper types (peer reviews, errata, retraction notices and abstracts-only records are always left out unless you pick them here). | |
| sortBy | No | Sort results by. Order of the dataset. The reading list is always ranked by reading score (relevance plus field-normalised citation impact). Choices: relevance = Relevance; citations = Most cited; newest = Newest first; oldest = Oldest first. | relevance |
| yearTo | No | To year. Latest publication year (inclusive). Whole number, 1500 to 2100. | |
| language | No | Language. Optional two-letter language code, e.g. en, de, es. | |
| searchIn | No | Search in. Title and abstract is the most precise (like a database search). Full text also matches papers that only mention your terms in the body. Choices: titleAbstract = Title and abstract (recommended); title = Title only; fullText = Full text (broadest). | titleAbstract |
| seedDois | No | Seed papers (DOIs). Optional. Start from papers you already trust. Combine with a query to search inside that network, or use alone. Up to 50 DOIs. | |
| seedMode | No | Seed mode. Which papers around the seeds to return. Choices: citing = Papers that cite the seeds (forward); references = Papers the seeds cite (backward); related = Related papers (OpenAlex similarity). | citing |
| yearFrom | No | From year. Earliest publication year (inclusive). Whole number, 1500 to 2100. | |
| maxResults | No | Maximum papers. You pay per returned paper, so this also caps the cost ($0.003 x papers). Whole number, 1 to 2,000 results; default 100. | |
| contactEmail | No | Contact email for API etiquette (optional). Sent to Crossref and Unpaywall as the polite-pool contact. Leave empty to use ours. | |
| minCitations | No | Minimum citations. Only return papers cited at least this many times (OpenAlex counts). Whole number, 0 or more citations; default 0. | |
| citationStyle | No | Citation style. Style for the citation column and the CITATIONS file. Formatted by citeproc-js with the official CSL style. Choices: apa = APA 7th edition; mla = MLA 9th edition; chicago = Chicago author-date; harvard = Harvard (Cite Them Right); ieee = IEEE; vancouver = Vancouver (NLM). | apa |
| run_max_items | No | Optional. Most results to return from this call (default from PANDA_MAX_ITEMS, 50). Also limits how many results the Actor produces and charges for, unless you set its own max field. | |
| checkUnpaywall | No | Find open-access PDFs (Unpaywall). Look up the best legal open-access copy of each paper. Default: on. | |
| openAccessOnly | No | Open access only. Only return papers with a free, legal full-text copy. Default: off. | |
| readingListSize | No | Reading list length. How many top papers go into the ranked READING_LIST file. All papers are still in the dataset and exports. Whole number, 5 to 500 papers; default 25. | |
| retractedPapers | No | Retracted papers. Flag keeps retracted papers in the results, marked FIX, so you know to avoid them (they are charged as returned papers). Exclude drops them before they are returned (not charged). Choices: flag = Flag them (FIX); exclude = Exclude them. | flag |
| includeAbstracts | No | Include abstracts. Add the abstract where OpenAlex has one (some publishers withhold them). Default: on. | |
| run_timeout_secs | No | Optional. Seconds to wait for results (default from PANDA_TIMEOUT_SECS, 120; max 300). | |
| run_max_charge_usd | No | Optional. Hard spending cap for this call in USD (default from PANDA_MAX_CHARGE_USD, 0.50). |