llm-safe-sql
Provides a safe SQL execution layer for MySQL databases, enabling agents to propose UPDATE or DELETE statements that are dry-run inside a transaction, measured, rolled back, and only applied after human approval.
Provides a safe SQL execution layer for PostgreSQL databases, enabling agents to propose UPDATE or DELETE statements that are dry-run inside a transaction, measured, rolled back, and only applied after human approval.
Click on "Install Server".
Wait a few minutes for the server to deploy. Once ready, it will show a "Started" state.
In the chat, type
@followed by the MCP server name and your instructions, e.g., "@llm-safe-sqlPropose an update to change all pending orders to shipped"
That's it! The server will respond to your query, and you can continue using it as needed.
Here is a step-by-step guide with screenshots.
llm-safe-sql
Let a language model propose an UPDATE or DELETE. Run it for real inside a
transaction, measure the actual before/after values, and always roll back. Show a
human the measurement. Only then, on their word, do it for real.
The confirmation is not a prediction and not a summary the model wrote. It is what the database itself did when the statement ran.
The problem this exists for
Every "AI agent with database access" ends the same way: the model writes SQL, something asks "Run this?", and a person clicks yes based on a sentence the model wrote about its own SQL.
That sentence is a guess, and so is any static analysis of the statement.
SET price = price * 1.1 is an expression. Triggers fire. Defaults apply. WHERE status = 'pending' matches whatever it matches at the moment it runs, which is
not the moment it was written. Nothing short of executing the statement can tell
you what it does — so this executes it, and then takes it back.
Here is a real case from this library's own test suite, which an earlier version of it got wrong:
UPDATE members SET quota = quota + 10, profile = '{"role":"admin"}' WHERE id = 7A confirmation that compares values with String(a) === String(b) reports
quota: 5 → 15 and says nothing else, because String({role:'user'}) and
String({role:'admin'}) are both [object Object]. The privilege escalation
rides along under an approved quota change and is never displayed. The same hole
swallows every JSON, JSONB, array and binary column, and every 64-bit id that a
driver hands back as a float.
That class of bug is the reason this library compares by type and by content, and the reason SPEC.md exists as a testable list rather than a description.
Related MCP server: safe-sql-mcp
What it does
model llm-safe-sql human
│ │ │
├── "UPDATE orders …" ─────►│ │
│ ├── BEGIN │
│ ├── SELECT … (before) │
│ ├── UPDATE … ← really runs │
│ ├── SELECT … (after) │
│ ├── ROLLBACK, then prove it │
│◄── plan id + card ────────┤ │
│ ├── card ───────────────────────►│
│ │ ├── reads it
│ │◄── approve (different tool) ───┤
│ ├── lock rows, check unchanged │
│ ├── execute, reconcile, COMMIT │The model gets a plan id. It cannot approve and it cannot apply — not because those tools are guarded, but because they are in a different process that the model has no path to. The two halves can run as different OS users against different database accounts, so the separation survives a bug in this library.
What a confirmation card looks like
Plan 6f5a1c8e-... — proposed, not applied. Nothing in the database has changed.
UPDATE orders SET status = 'shipped' WHERE id = 42
What this touches
orders — Changing an order moves money: the ship date decides which month
the supplier is paid in.
1 row would change, across 1 column: status
Measured by running the statement and rolling it back
id = 42
status: 'pending' -> 'shipped'
This needs a person. Neither the assistant nor this tool can approve it:
llm-safe-sql approve 6f5a1c8e-... --as you@example.com
llm-safe-sql apply 6f5a1c8e-... --as you@example.comThe sentence under What this touches is required configuration. Without it a non-engineer is being shown column names and asked to judge them, which they cannot do — so a table with no declared consequence cannot be written at all.
Quick start
npm install @hyuga/llm-safe-sql pg # or: mysql2
npx llm-safe-sql init > llm-safe-sql.config.json
$EDITOR llm-safe-sql.config.json # name your tables and what they mean
export LLM_SAFE_SQL_PASSWORD=…
npx llm-safe-sql check # verifies the environment, per table
npx llm-safe-sql migrate # creates the plan + audit tablescheck is worth reading. It reports, per table, whether a dry run is even
possible there — a non-transactional storage engine, a missing primary key, a
foreign key that cascades, a trigger whose columns you have not declared. Each of
those is a case where a plan would either be refused later or, worse, be wrong.
Then propose, approve and apply:
npx llm-safe-sql plan "UPDATE orders SET status='shipped' WHERE id=42"
npx llm-safe-sql approve <id> --as you@example.com
npx llm-safe-sql apply <id> --as you@example.comGiving it to an assistant
claude mcp add database -- npx -y -p @hyuga/llm-safe-sql llm-safe-sql-mcp \
--config /absolute/path/to/llm-safe-sql.config.jsonor, for any MCP client that reads a JSON config:
{
"mcpServers": {
"database": {
"command": "llm-safe-sql-mcp",
"args": ["--config", "/absolute/path/to/llm-safe-sql.config.json"],
"env": { "LLM_SAFE_SQL_PASSWORD": "…" }
}
}
}The assistant gets four tools: sql_read, sql_plan, sql_plan_status and
sql_schema. There is no fifth one.
Using it as a library
import { Engine, Applier, Policy, SqlPlanStore, recordPlan } from '@hyuga/llm-safe-sql';
import { PostgresAdapter } from '@hyuga/llm-safe-sql/postgres';
const policy = new Policy({
allow: ['orders'],
impact: { orders: 'Changing an order moves money: the ship date decides the payment month.' },
denyIdentifiers: { password_hash: 'a stored credential' },
});
const engine = new Engine({ adapter: await PostgresAdapter.connect(planningCreds), policy });
const plan = await engine.plan("UPDATE orders SET status='shipped' WHERE id=42");
// plan.rows[0] === { key: {id: 42}, changed: ['status'],
// before: {status: 'pending'}, after: {status: 'shipped'} }What it refuses, and why
Refusing is always safe; a plan that describes something other than what will happen is not. Every rule below exists because the alternative produces a confirmation card that disagrees with the database.
Refused | Because |
A table you did not allowlist | Default deny. A denylist has to predict every dangerous name; an allowlist only has to know the safe ones, which you do know |
| There is no "before" for a row that does not exist yet |
No | Every row is the target |
| Rows cannot be shown one-to-one, and the second table never appears on the card |
| Which rows are affected stops being determined |
| The rows shown are provably not the rows changed, and the value written was never displayed |
A table with an inbound | Approving one row would silently destroy rows in another table, irreversibly |
A non-transactional table (MyISAM, a foreign table) | The "dry run" would be a permanent write, announced as harmless |
A table with no primary key | Rows cannot be shown to you one by one |
A trigger, on a dialect that cannot report auto-maintained columns | Guessing "none" makes every plan fail to confirm with an error that looks like a concurrency problem |
A statement that matched nothing, or changed nothing | Nothing to approve |
More rows than the ceiling | Every row is displayed individually; the ceiling is what a person can actually read |
Reading a column you marked secret — under any alias | To read a column you must name it, so matching the reference cannot be aliased around |
The library's own plan and audit tables, always | A model that can write the plan table can approve its own writes |
At apply time it also refuses if the rows have moved on: a different set now matches the condition, or a value you approved is no longer what is there.
And it does not refuse for reasons that are not real. Somebody else editing a column your plan does not touch is not a conflict. A concurrent write during the dry run is not a failed rollback. A statement refused before it ran does not report a rollback problem. Those three were bugs here, found by adversarial review, and each has a test named after it — because a safety check that cries wolf is a safety check somebody eventually switches off.
What it does not do
INSERT— no before-image to show. Use an ordinary migration.Schema changes, even where the dialect could roll them back.
Bulk work. The ceiling is a few hundred rows, by design: every row is shown.
Protect you from a compromised applier. The apply path holds a credential that can write. Point it at a different database user from the planning one.
Measured, not assumed
Facts marked 🔬 in SPEC.md were established by measuring MySQL 8.4.11 and PostgreSQL 16.14 in CI, not by reading documentation. Where measurement contradicted the docs, the measurement won. A few that change how this is built:
MySQL | PostgreSQL | |
Statement timeout on a write | None — |
|
A statement cut short by a timeout | can return success | raises |
Row locks after | retained to end of transaction | released |
DDL in a transaction | commits implicitly | transactional |
The middle row is why a dry run always gets its own connection: nested inside your transaction, on MySQL, it would hold exclusive locks on rows it only pretended to touch. Testing only the easy shape — savepoint first, then write — gives the comfortable and wrong answer that locks are always released.
Dependencies
None at runtime. The database driver (pg or mysql2) is an optional peer, so
you install the one you use. The MCP server speaks the protocol directly rather
than through the official SDK, whose dependency tree is an HTTP server, a JWT
library and thirty-odd other packages that a stdio server never executes. For a
program that sits between a language model and a production database, a tree an
operator can actually audit is worth more than the convenience.
Contributing
Real bug reports are the most useful thing, especially "it refused something it should not have" — false refusals are as much a defect here as false approvals. See CONTRIBUTING.md; every rule in SPEC.md has an id, and tests are named after it.
MIT licensed.
日本語
LLM に UPDATE / DELETE を書かせ、それをトランザクション内で実際に実行し、
変更前後の値を実測してから必ずロールバックする。人間はその実測値を見て承認し、
承認された内容だけが本番に適用される。
確認画面に出るのは予測でも、モデルが自分の SQL について書いた要約でもありません。 その文を実行したときにデータベースが実際にやったことです。
なぜ必要か
「DB に触れる AI エージェント」はたいてい同じ終わり方をします。モデルが SQL を書き、 「これを実行しますか?」と聞かれ、人間はモデル自身が書いた説明文を根拠に承認する。
その説明文は推測です。文を静的に解析しても同じことです。SET price = price * 1.1
は式であり、トリガーは発火し、デフォルト値は適用され、WHERE status = 'pending'
が何行に当たるかは「実行した瞬間」に決まります。実行する以外に知る方法はない。
だからこのライブラリは実行し、そして取り消します。
このライブラリ自身のテストにある実例です(初期版はこれを取りこぼしました):
UPDATE members SET quota = quota + 10, profile = '{"role":"admin"}' WHERE id = 7値の比較を String(a) === String(b) で行う確認画面は quota: 5 → 15 だけを表示します。
String({role:'user'}) も String({role:'admin'}) も [object Object] だからです。
権限昇格が、承認された数量変更に相乗りして一切表示されません。 同じ穴が JSON・
JSONB・配列・バイナリの全列と、ドライバが浮動小数で返す 64bit id を飲み込みます。
この種の欠陥があるため、比較は型と内容で行い、SPEC.md は説明ではなく テスト可能な規則の一覧になっています。
動作
モデルが
sql_planで文を提案するエンジンがトランザクション内で本当に実行し、前後の行を読み、必ず ROLLBACK し、 ロールバックされたことを読み直して証明する
実測値からなる確認カードと plan id を返す
人間が別のコマンド(別プロセス・別 DB 認証情報)で承認する
適用時にもう一度、対象行をロックして「承認したときの値のままか」を確認してから実行し、 件数と結果を照合してからコミットする
モデルは承認も適用もできません。ツールを隠しているからではなく、モデルから到達 できない別プロセスにあるからです。OS ユーザーも DB アカウントも分けられるので、 この分離はこのライブラリにバグがあっても成立します。
使い方
npm install @hyuga/llm-safe-sql pg # または mysql2
npx llm-safe-sql init > llm-safe-sql.config.json
# 設定ファイルに「触れてよいテーブル」と「そのテーブルを変えると業務上どうなるか」を書く
export LLM_SAFE_SQL_PASSWORD=…
npx llm-safe-sql check # 環境とテーブルごとの可否を検査
npx llm-safe-sql migrate # plan / audit テーブルを作成
npx llm-safe-sql plan "UPDATE orders SET status='shipped' WHERE id=42"
npx llm-safe-sql approve <id> --as you@example.com
npx llm-safe-sql apply <id> --as you@example.comcheck の出力は一読の価値があります。テーブルごとに、そもそも試走が可能かを報告します
——非トランザクションなストレージエンジン、主キーなし、カスケードする外部キー、
宣言されていないトリガー列。いずれも後で拒否されるか、もっと悪いことに、
誤った plan が作られる条件です。
アシスタントに渡す:
claude mcp add database -- npx -y -p @hyuga/llm-safe-sql llm-safe-sql-mcp \
--config /絶対パス/llm-safe-sql.config.jsonアシスタントに渡るツールは sql_read / sql_plan / sql_plan_status / sql_schema
の 4 つだけです。5 つめはありません。
「業務上の意味」は必須設定です
確認カードの先頭に出る一文——「この注文を変えると支払月が動く」——は設定必須項目で、 これが無いテーブルには書き込みできません。理由は単純で、これが無い確認画面は 列名と値の一覧でしかなく、非エンジニアには判断できないからです。判断できない人に 承認させる仕組みは、承認しているように見えて何も守っていません。
何を拒否するか
allowlist 外のテーブル、INSERT、WHERE なし、JOIN・複数テーブル更新、
書き込みの ORDER BY / LIMIT、now() や rand() を含む文、ON DELETE CASCADE
が刺さっているテーブル、非トランザクションなテーブル、主キーの無いテーブル、
自動更新列を報告できない方言でのトリガー付きテーブル、0 件・変化なし、上限行数超過、
別名を付けても秘密列の参照、そして常にこのライブラリ自身の plan / audit テーブル。
そして、実在しない理由では拒否しません。 他人が別の列を編集していることは競合では ないし、試走中の他セッションの書き込みはロールバック失敗ではないし、実行前に拒否した 文は「巻き戻せなかった」とは報告しません。この 3 つはいずれも実際にあったバグで、 敵対的レビューで発見され、それぞれに名前付きのテストがあります——誤報を出す安全装置は、 いずれ切られる安全装置だからです。
実測に基づく方言差
SPEC.md の 🔬 印は、ドキュメントではなく MySQL 8.4.11 と PostgreSQL 16.14 を CI 上で実測して確定した事実です。ドキュメントと食い違った場合は実測を採用しています。
MySQL | PostgreSQL | |
書き込みの実行時間制限 | 無い( |
|
タイムアウトで切られた文 | 成功として返りうる | エラーになる |
先に書いてから張った SAVEPOINT のロールバック後の行ロック | 保持されたまま | 解放される |
トランザクション内の DDL | 暗黙コミット | トランザクショナル |
3 行目が、試走に必ず専用接続を与える理由です。あなたのトランザクションの内側で走らせると、 MySQL では「触ったふりをしただけの行」に排他ロックが残ります。SAVEPOINT を先に張る 簡単な形だけを試すと「ロックは常に解放される」という心地よく間違った結論が出ます。
依存
実行時ゼロ。DB ドライバ(pg / mysql2)は optional peer なので使う方だけ入れます。
MCP サーバは公式 SDK を使わずプロトコルを直接話します。SDK の依存ツリーには HTTP
サーバ・JWT ライブラリなど、stdio サーバが一度も実行しない 30 以上のパッケージが
含まれるためです。LLM と本番 DB の間に立つプログラムでは、運用者が実際に監査できる
依存ツリーのほうが利便性より価値があります。
MIT ライセンス。バグ報告、特に「拒否されるべきでないものが拒否された」という報告を歓迎します。
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