Execute a read-only SELECT (or WITH ... SELECT) statement and return matching rows. Always available regardless of MYSQL_MODE. Always use %s placeholders in query with values passed via params; never concatenate user-supplied values into query.

Execute an INSERT statement and return the affected row count and last insert id. Only available when the server is running in 'readwrite' mode; rejected with PERMISSION_DENIED in 'readonly' mode. Always use %s placeholders in query with values passed via params; never concatenate user-supplied values into query.

Execute an UPDATE statement and return the affected row count. Only available when the server is running in 'readwrite' mode; rejected with PERMISSION_DENIED in 'readonly' mode. An UPDATE with no WHERE clause is executed but flagged with a warning, since it affects every row in the table. Always use %s placeholders in query with values passed via params; never concatenate user-supplied values into query.

Execute a DELETE statement and return the affected row count. Only available when the server is running in 'readwrite' mode; rejected with PERMISSION_DENIED in 'readonly' mode. A DELETE with no WHERE clause is executed but flagged with a warning, since it removes every row in the table. Always use %s placeholders in query with values passed via params; never concatenate user-supplied values into query.