ares-mcp
ARES MCP is a local academic literature search and writing assistant for MCP hosts (e.g., Cursor) — it finds open-access papers, downloads PDFs, extracts sections, and manages BibTeX without bypassing paywalls.
Search OpenAlex and arXiv by keywords, DOI, or arXiv ID, ranked by relevance or citation count, with optional year and open-access filters.
Download legal open-access PDFs from a DOI or arXiv ID using OpenAlex, Unpaywall, arXiv, and PMC; save them into a workspace directory (default
papers/).Fetch official Crossref BibTeX for a DOI and append it to
references.bib, skipping duplicates.Extract IMRaD-style sections (Abstract, Methods, Results, etc.) from local PDFs using heading heuristics.
List local PDFs under
papers/(or another directory) to inventory your corpus.Screen local PDFs against research questions with include/maybe/exclude heuristics and evidence snippets.
Query local PDFs for ranked excerpts relevant to a free-form question.
Respect environment limits, path-jailing, and open-access-only behavior; it never scrapes paywalled publisher HTML.
Searches the arXiv repository for academic papers, supports arXiv ID lookups, and downloads open-access PDFs from arXiv.
Click on "Deploy Server".
Wait a few minutes for the server to deploy. Once ready, it will show a "Started" state.
In the chat, type
@followed by the MCP server name and your instructions, e.g., "@ares-mcpSearch open-access papers on graph neural networks since 2022 and get BibTeX for the top hit."
That's it! The server will respond to your query, and you can continue using it as needed.
Here is a step-by-step guide with screenshots.
ARES MCP
Local Model Context Protocol server for academic literature search and writing. It talks to open catalogs (OpenAlex, arXiv, Crossref), downloads open-access PDFs (PDF files only), extracts IMRaD sections on demand, and appends BibTeX — designed to run next to Cursor or any MCP host.
License: MIT. Free to use locally. Contributions: CONTRIBUTING.md.
ARES does not bypass publisher paywalls. If no OA PDF exists, tools return
no_open_pdfinstead of scraping HTML.
This project is a literature helper, not a PRISMA screening/audit
workbench. It is also not the Czech business-registry MCP
(ares-mcp-server).
Install (PyPI)
Python 3.11+. uv is recommended.
Cursor / MCP host (uvx downloads the published wheel, no clone):
{
"mcpServers": {
"ares": {
"command": "uvx",
"args": ["ares-mcp"]
}
}
}Optional identity for the OpenAlex / Unpaywall polite pool (still no .env):
{
"mcpServers": {
"ares": {
"command": "uvx",
"args": ["ares-mcp", "--mailto", "you@university.edu"]
}
}
}Or install into an environment:
pip install ares-mcp
# or: uv tool install ares-mcp
ares-mcp --mailto you@university.eduA .env file is not required. Contact email is resolved in this order:
ares-mcp --mailto you@university.eduARES_MAILTOin the process environment (Cursormcp.jsonenvblock)Optional cwd
.env(ARES_MAILTO=...) — local checkouts onlygit config user.emailPlaceholder
ares-mcp@localhost(server still starts)
After publish, confirm the package at pypi.org/project/ares-mcp.
Related MCP server: Scholar MCP Server
Tools
Tool | Purpose |
| Query OpenAlex + arXiv; |
| DOI or arXiv id → PDF only in |
| Crossref BibTeX → append |
| Heuristic IMRaD headings from a local PDF |
| Inventory PDFs under |
| Heuristic include/maybe/exclude of local PDFs vs research questions + snippets |
| Ranked excerpts from the local corpus for a free-form question |
Typical agent flow: search (sort=cited_by for famous papers) → download an OA
hit → extract Abstract/Methods → get_bibtex. For RQ screening over downloads:
list_local_papers → screen_papers_for_rqs (host agent narrates justifications
from the evidence pack; ARES does not call an external LLM).
Install (development)
git clone https://github.com/benetche/ares-mcp.git
cd ares-mcp
uv syncRun tests:
uv run pytest
uv run ruff check src testsLive API checks (optional):
uv run pytest -m integrationConfigure Cursor (local checkout)
Copy .cursor/mcp.json and replace the --project path
with your clone. Email is optional; git user.email is used when unset.
Recommended — uv run:
{
"mcpServers": {
"ares": {
"command": "uv",
"args": [
"run",
"--project",
"/absolute/path/to/ares-mcp",
"ares-mcp"
]
}
}
}venv Python:
{
"mcpServers": {
"ares": {
"command": "/absolute/path/to/ares-mcp/.venv/bin/python",
"args": ["-m", "ares_mcp"]
}
}
}On Windows, use .venv/Scripts/python.exe instead of .venv/bin/python.
uvx from a local checkout (no PyPI install required):
{
"mcpServers": {
"ares": {
"command": "uvx",
"args": ["--from", "/absolute/path/to/ares-mcp", "ares-mcp"]
}
}
}Reload MCP servers in Cursor, then ask: “Search open-access papers on graph neural networks since 2022.”
Inspector (outside Cursor):
uv run fastmcp dev src/ares_mcp/server.pyEnvironment
Variable / flag | Default | Meaning |
| git | Contact in User-Agent / OpenAlex |
|
| Metadata HTTP timeout |
|
| PDF download timeout |
|
| Max PDF size (~50 MiB) |
Writes are jailed to the server current working directory (the project Cursor opened). Path traversal is rejected. PDF candidate URLs that point at loopback or private IPs are rejected.
API notes
OpenAlex:
GET /workswithsearch+filter. Abstracts are stored as inverted indexes and reconstructed locally. Download uses alllocationswith apdf_url, plus arXiv/PMC ids when present.Unpaywall:
GET /v2/{doi}for legal OA copies (preprints, accepted manuscripts, repositories). This is how many IEEE/Elsevier papers become downloadable without touching the paywall HTML.arXiv: Atom API at
export.arxiv.org. All hits are OA.Crossref: DOI content negotiation
Accept: application/x-bibtex.Identify your process with
--mailtoorARES_MAILTOwhen you can. Do not hammer the APIs; each tool call is a handful of requests with one retry on 429/5xx.
If every OA candidate 403s or returns HTML, the tool reports download_failed
or no_open_pdf. Pass an arXiv id when you know a preprint exists. ARES
will not scrape publisher HTML.
License alternative
MIT is the project license. Apache-2.0 may be considered later if a patent grant is required; discuss that in an issue before relicensing.
Status
0.2.0. Releases are built in CI and uploaded to PyPI with
Trusted Publishing (OIDC, no
long-lived API tokens). After a GitHub Release tag v0.2.0 (and matching
publisher config on PyPI), Cursor can run uvx ares-mcp with no .env.
Available Tools
4 toolsdownload_and_parse_paperA
Download an open-access PDF. Does not create Markdown files.
Accepts a DOI or arXiv id. Resolves legal OA copies via OpenAlex locations, Unpaywall (preprints / accepted manuscripts), arXiv/PMC, and a few curated public URLs (e.g. the Bitcoin whitepaper on bitcoin.org). Does not bypass paywalls: publisher HTML is skipped.
Status values: ok, not_found, no_open_pdf, download_failed,
invalid_path.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| identifier | Yes | DOI (`10.xxxx/...` or doi.org URL) or arXiv id (`2301.12345`, `2301.12345v2`, or legacy `cs/0001001`). | |
| target_dir | No | Workspace-relative directory (default `papers`). Paths outside the server cwd are rejected. | papers |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| title | No | |
| status | Yes | |
| message | No | |
| pdf_path | No | |
| error_code | No | |
| identifier | Yes | |
| landing_url | No | |
| identifier_type | No |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations provided, the description carries the full burden and does this well. It discloses important limitations: no Markdown files, does not bypass paywalls, publisher HTML is skipped, and only legal OA sources are used. It also lists possible status values, giving agents a clear picture of expected outcomes.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is concise, front-loaded with the core purpose, and every sentence adds value. The separation into purpose, limitations, accepted inputs, and status values makes it easy to scan and understand quickly.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
The description is largely complete for a tool with an output schema and full schema-level parameter documentation. It covers success/failure statuses and critical boundary behaviors. It lacks explicit guidance on what the parse output contains or when to prefer sibling tools, but the output schema and sibling names partially compensate.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
The input schema already covers 100% of the parameters with detailed descriptions, so the baseline is 3. The description restates DOI/arXiv acceptance but adds little beyond the schema; it does not meaningfully enrich the semantics of target_dir beyond what the schema already specifies.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the tool downloads an open-access PDF and that it does not create Markdown files, which distinguishes it from a generic downloader. It also identifies accepted input types (DOI or arXiv ID). However, the 'parse' aspect from the name is not directly explained, and sibling differentiation is only implicit.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description provides clear context: it handles DOI/arXiv identifiers, resolves legal open-access copies, and skips publisher HTML. It does not explicitly say when to use this tool versus extract_sections, search_papers, or get_bibtex, nor does it name alternatives. Usage is implied rather than explicitly guided.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
extract_sectionsA
Return named sections from a local PDF using heading heuristics.
Not a trained parser: headings are matched case-insensitively with aliases
(e.g. Methodology ≡ Methods ≡ Materiais and Methods; Abstract ≡ Resumo).
Missing sections are listed in unmatched; they do not fail the tool.
Status values: ok, file_not_found, parse_error, invalid_path.
Does not fetch URLs — pdf_path must already exist in the workspace.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| pdf_path | Yes | Workspace-relative path to a previously downloaded PDF. | |
| sections | Yes | Labels to extract, e.g. `["Abstract", "Methodology", "Results"]`. |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| status | Yes | |
| message | No | |
| pdf_path | Yes | |
| sections | No | |
| unmatched | No | |
| error_code | No |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations, the description carries full burden. It discloses key behavioral traits: heading matching is case-insensitive, aliases exist (e.g., Methodology ≡ Methods), missing sections are listed in `unmatched`, status values are enumerated, and it never fetches URLs. It does not, however, describe the output schema in detail, but later output schema may exist. The behavioral notes are substantial and go beyond basic trust.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Four compact paragraphs, each earning its place. First line states purpose, second explains the heuristic nature, third lists status values, fourth states a critical constraint. No fluff, front-loaded with the core action, and structured for quick skimming.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
The tool has an output schema (implied), so return format is covered. Key operational details are present: matching behavior, status values, and the URL restriction. A slight gap: it doesn't explicitly mention the output structure (e.g., section content vs. just match status), but since output schema exists and the description is otherwise thorough, this is minor. Given the complexity, covers nearly all needed information.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema coverage is 100%, so the schema already documents both parameters. The description adds useful alias semantics: it explains that headings are matched with aliases and gives examples, which enriches `sections`. It also clarifies that `pdf_path` is workspace-relative and must already exist. This goes beyond bare schema, adding practical usage context.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
States the action ('Return named sections'), the resource ('local PDF'), and the method ('heading heuristics'). Clearly distinguishes from siblings like search_papers (searching) and download_and_parse_paper (downloading + parsing) by scoping to extracting sections from an existing local PDF. The description leaves no ambiguity about its core function.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
Explicitly says what it does not do: 'Does not fetch URLs — `pdf_path` must already exist in the workspace.' This prevents misuse when the agent might think it can download. It also clarifies that missing sections do not fail the tool, guiding the agent on expected behavior. Alternatives are not named, but the functional boundary is clearly drawn.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
get_bibtexA
Fetch the official Crossref/DOI BibTeX entry and append it locally.
Skips the write when the DOI or cite key is already in the file
(status=duplicate). Failures leave the .bib unchanged.
Status values: added, duplicate, not_found, error, invalid_path.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| doi | Yes | DOI string or `https://doi.org/...` URL. | |
| bib_path | No | Workspace-relative bibliography path (default `references.bib`). | references.bib |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| doi | Yes | |
| bibtex | No | |
| status | Yes | |
| message | No | |
| bib_path | No | |
| cite_key | No | |
| error_code | No |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations provided, the description carries the full burden of behavioral disclosure. It clearly states that the tool appends to a local file, skips duplicates (status=duplicate), leaves the file unchanged on failure, and enumerates possible statuses (added, duplicate, not_found, error, invalid_path). This is strong transparency for a write action. However, it does not mention whether the target file is created if missing, which is a minor behavioral gap. Hence a 4.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is exceptionally concise and well-structured: the first sentence states the core purpose, the second explains duplicate handling and failure behavior, and the third lists status values. Every sentence contributes essential information without fluff. The most important information is front-loaded.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
The description covers the essential functionality and edge cases: fetching, appending, duplicate detection, failure behavior, and status outcomes. Since the tool has an output schema (confirmed by context signals), the status values are likely defined there as well. The only notable omission is the behavior when the target file does not exist (whether it is created), but for a simple two-parameter tool, the description is quite complete. Thus a 4.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 100%: both parameters (doi and bib_path) have clear descriptions in the schema (e.g., 'DOI string or https://doi.org/... URL' and 'Workspace-relative bibliography path (default references.bib)'). The description adds minimal extra parameter-specific meaning, only reinforcing that the path is local and that the default is used. Since the schema already fully documents the parameters, the baseline of 3 is appropriate.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the purpose with a specific verb: 'Fetch the official Crossref/DOI BibTeX entry and append it locally.' It names the resource (Crossref/DOI BibTeX) and the action (append locally), making it distinct from sibling tools like extract_sections or search_papers, which handle unrelated tasks. The purpose is unambiguous and immediately actionable.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description clearly defines what the tool does (fetch and append BibTeX) and its context (workspace-relative path, default references.bib). It does not explicitly state when to use it versus alternatives, but since the sibling tools are clearly for different functions (section extraction, paper search, download/parse), the use case is self-evident. There is no explicit 'when not to use' or alternative comparison, but the absence of overlapping functionality makes a 4 appropriate.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
search_papersA
Search open catalogs (OpenAlex + arXiv) for academic papers.
Use this first when the user needs papers, citations, or a reading list.
Does not download PDFs. Prefer hits with pdf_url for the next step.
Ranking: pass sort=cited_by when the user wants the most cited / famous /
popular papers. Pass sort=relevance (default) for topical match. Aliases
like "most cited" are accepted; unknown values fall back to relevance.
A doi or arxiv_id looks up that paper (query may be empty). If query
itself is a DOI or arXiv id, it is treated as a lookup, not keywords.
Identifier filters win over a keyword query.
cited_by ranks on OpenAlex citation counts. arXiv keyword hits are
skipped in that mode because they have no citation counts.
Possible error_code values: source_unavailable (one or both catalogs
failed; remaining hits may still be useful). Empty papers is still
status=ok.
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| doi | No | Optional DOI (`10.xxxx/...` or doi.org URL) to look up that work. | |
| sort | No | `relevance` or `cited_by` (aliases: citations, most_cited, famous). | relevance |
| limit | No | Maximum papers to return after merge (1–20, default 5). | |
| query | No | Keywords, a bare DOI/arXiv id, or empty when doi/arxiv_id is set. | |
| arxiv_id | No | Optional arXiv id (`2301.12345`, `arxiv:…`, abs URL). | |
| year_min | No | Inclusive publication/submission year floor. Impossible values (≤0, far future) are ignored. | |
| open_access_only | No | If true (default), OpenAlex is restricted to OA; arXiv results are always included because they are OA. |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| sort | No | |
| query | Yes | |
| papers | No | |
| status | No | |
| message | No | |
| warnings | No | |
| error_code | No |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations provided, the description carries the full burden, and it delivers: it discloses that PDFs are not downloaded, that identifier lookups override keyword queries, that arXiv keyword hits are skipped in cited_by mode, that unknown sort values fall back to relevance, and that error_code may be source_unavailable with possibly partial results. This is rich behavioral context beyond the bare operation.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is well-structured and front-loaded, with the core purpose in the first sentence and usage guidance immediately after. Every paragraph adds useful information, though the ranking and identifier-lookup sections are somewhat dense and could be tightened without losing value.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
The description covers the essential context for a 7-parameter, zero-required tool with an output schema: when to use it, ranking semantics, identifier behavior, and possible error codes. It also notes that an empty papers list is still status=ok, which prevents misinterpreting valid empty results. The presence of an output schema means return-value documentation is not the description's responsibility.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema coverage is 100%, but the description adds meaning well beyond the schema. For sort, it explains aliases and fallback ('unknown values fall back to relevance'). For query, doi, and arxiv_id, it explains lookup behavior and precedence ('Identifier filters win over a keyword query'). This significantly aids correct invocation.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description opens with a specific verb and resource: 'Search open catalogs (OpenAlex + arXiv) for academic papers.' It also distinguishes this tool from its siblings by stating it 'Does not download PDFs' and 'Use this first when the user needs papers, citations, or a reading list,' making it clear that search is the entry point while download/extraction/bibliography tools are separate follow-ups.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description gives explicit guidance: 'Use this first when the user needs papers, citations, or a reading list.' It also provides a clear when-not ('Does not download PDFs') and explains how to choose between sort modes ('pass sort=cited_by when the user wants the most cited / famous / popular papers'). It falls short of naming the alternative sibling tools explicitly, but the pipeline context is strong.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
Tool Schema Changelog
Recent tool additions, removals, and schema changes observed during successful MCP inspections.
4 tool updates
v0.1.0- First observed
download_and_parse_paper - First observed
extract_sections - First observed
get_bibtex - First observed
search_papers
TDQS
Scored across 4 tools
Each tool targets a distinct stage of an academic-paper workflow: searching catalogs, downloading/parsing an OA PDF, extracting sections from a local PDF, and fetching BibTeX. The descriptions explicitly call out boundaries (e.g., search does not download, extract_sections does not fetch URLs), leaving no meaningful overlap.
All four tool names follow the same snake_case verb-first pattern: extract_*, search_*, download_and_parse_*, get_*. The only variation, download_and_parse_paper, still uses the same conventions and is clearly readable.
Four tools is well-scoped for the stated research-assistant purpose. Each tool covers a necessary step in the paper search-to-citation pipeline without redundancy or bloat.
The core lifecycle is covered: discovery, open-access retrieval, section-level reading, and BibTeX citation handling. Minor gaps exist, such as no way to manage or catalog local PDFs and no BibTeX support for arXiv-only papers, but agents can work around these.
Maintenance
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