Financial Calculations
financial_calcsSolve for present value, future value, payment, interest rate, IRR, or NPV in time value of money calculations. Input known variables to compute unknown financial metrics for loans, investments, annuities, and bonds.
Instructions
Time Value of Money (TVM) calculations: solve for PV, FV, PMT, rate, IRR, or NPV.
The TVM equation has 5 variables - know 4, solve for the 5th: PV = Present Value (lump sum now) FV = Future Value (lump sum at maturity) PMT = Payment (regular periodic cash flow) N = Number of periods I/Y = Interest rate per period
Sign convention: negative = cash out (you pay), positive = cash in (you receive)
Examples:
ZERO-COUPON BOND: PV of £1000 in 10 years at 5% calculation="pv", rate=0.05, periods=10, future_value=1000 Result: £613.91
COUPON BOND: PV of £30 annual coupons + £1000 face value at 5% yield calculation="pv", rate=0.05, periods=10, payment=30, future_value=1000 Result: £845.57
RETIREMENT SAVINGS: FV with £500/month for 30 years at 7% calculation="fv", rate=0.07/12, periods=360, payment=-500, present_value=0 Result: £566,764
MORTGAGE PAYMENT: Monthly payment on £200k loan, 30 years, 4% APR calculation="pmt", rate=0.04/12, periods=360, present_value=-200000, future_value=0 Result: £954.83
INTEREST RATE: What rate grows £613.81 to £1000 in 10 years? calculation="rate", periods=10, present_value=-613.81, future_value=1000 Result: 0.05 (5%)
GROWING ANNUITY: Salary stream with 3.5% raises, discounted at 12% calculation="pv", rate=0.12, periods=25, payment=-45000, growth_rate=0.035 Result: £402,586
Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| context | No | Optional annotation to label this calculation (e.g., 'Bond A PV', 'Q2 revenue'). Appears in results for easy identification. | |
| output_mode | No | Output format: full (default), compact, minimal, value, or final. See batch_execute tool for details. | full |
| calculation | Yes | What to solve for: pv, fv, pmt, rate, irr, or npv | |
| rate | No | Interest/discount rate per period (e.g., 0.05 for 5% annual) | |
| periods | No | Number of compounding periods | |
| payment | No | Regular periodic payment (negative=pay out, positive=receive) | |
| present_value | No | Single lump sum at time 0 (negative=pay, positive=receive) | |
| future_value | No | Single lump sum at maturity (negative=owe, positive=receive) | |
| cash_flows | No | Series of cash flows for IRR/NPV (e.g., [-100, 30, 30, 130]) | |
| when | No | Payment timing: 'end' (ordinary) or 'begin' (annuity due) | end |
| growth_rate | No | Payment growth rate per period (0.0 for level annuity) |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| result | Yes |