google_scholar
Search academic papers and scholarly content on Google Scholar with citation lookups, author/source search, year filters, and pagination.
Instructions
Searches academic papers and scholarly content on Google Scholar, with support for citation lookups, author/source search helpers, year filters, and pagination. [Credits: 5 API credits per request] Notes: Article/result 'id' values from scholar_results (e.g. 7QAkDEkBjpYJ) feed the google_scholar_cite endpoint's query parameter. cluster_id (from inline_links.versions) and cites_id (from inline_links.cited_by) are the tokens used respectively with the cluster and cites parameters on this same endpoint. Pagination uses page (0-indexed); pagination.page_no in the response maps page numbers to result URLs. Returns: { related_searches: [ { title, link } ], scholar_results: [ { title, title_link, id, displayed_link, snippet, inline_links: { versions: { total, link, cluster_id }, cited_by: { total, link, cites_id }, related_pages_link }, resources: [ { title, type, link } ] } ], pagination: { current, page_no: { : url } } }
Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| lr | No | Limit search to one or multiple languages, used as lang_{language_code}. See Google LR Language Page. | |
| html | No | Render the response as raw HTML instead of parsed JSON. (default: false) | |
| page | No | Page number of Google Scholar searches. 0 = first page, 1 = second page, etc. (default: 0) | |
| safe | No | Adult content filter. Allowed values: active, off. (default: off) | |
| as_rr | No | Whether to show only review articles: 1 = enable filter, 0 = show all results. (default: 0) | |
| cites | No | Unique article ID to run a 'Cited By' search - returns documents citing the given article. Combine with query to search within citing articles. | |
| query | Yes | Search query; supports helpers like author: or source:. Becomes optional if the cites parameter is supplied (combining cites+query refines to citing articles matching the query). Cannot be used together with cluster. | |
| as_sdt | No | Acts as filter or search type. As filter (article search): 0 = excludes patents (default), 7 = includes patents. As search type: 4 = case law (US courts, all state/federal); can append court codes e.g. as_sdt=4,33,192 (4 must be first, comma-separated). | |
| as_vis | No | Whether citations are included in results: 1 = exclude citations, 0 = include citations. (default: 0) | |
| as_yhi | No | Ending year for results, e.g. as_yhi=2018 excludes results after 2018. Can combine with as_ylo. | |
| as_ylo | No | Starting year for results, e.g. as_ylo=2018 excludes results before 2018. Can combine with as_yhi. | |
| filter | No | Enables (1) or disables (0) the 'Similar Results' and 'Omitted Results' filters. (default: 1) | |
| scisbd | No | Whether to include only abstract results (1) or all results (0). | |
| cluster | No | Unique ID for an article to fetch all available versions of it. Cannot be used simultaneously with query and cites. | |
| results | No | Number of results per page. | |
| language | No | Language of the results, e.g. en, es, fr, de. See Google Language Page. (default: en) |