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postgres-mcp-server

PostgreSQL MCP Server

A production-ready Model Context Protocol server for PostgreSQL database operations. Enables AI assistants to securely interact with PostgreSQL databases through a standardized interface.

Features

  • 11 MCP Tools - list_tables, describe_table, execute_select, execute_query, list_schemas, list_views, explain_query, database_info, health_check, connection_status, metrics

  • Security First - SQL injection detection, blocked dangerous commands, read-only mode, rate limiting

  • Async Everywhere - asyncpg connection pooling with automatic reconnect and retry

  • Schema Caching - TTL-based caching for metadata queries

  • Structured Logging - structlog with JSON or console output

  • Metrics - query counts, execution times, security violations

  • Type Safe - Pydantic v2 models, strict mypy typing

  • Production Ready - graceful shutdown, signal handling, connection health checks

Related MCP server: PostgreSQL MCP Server

Prerequisites

  • Python 3.12+

  • uv package manager

  • PostgreSQL 14+

Installation

# Clone and enter the project
cd postgres-mcp-server

# Create environment and install dependencies
uv sync

# Configure environment
cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with your PostgreSQL connection details

Configuration

Variable

Default

Description

POSTGRES_HOST

localhost

PostgreSQL host

POSTGRES_PORT

5432

PostgreSQL port

POSTGRES_DATABASE

postgres

Database name

POSTGRES_USER

postgres

Database user

POSTGRES_PASSWORD

Database password

POSTGRES_MIN_CONNECTIONS

1

Min pool connections

POSTGRES_MAX_CONNECTIONS

10

Max pool connections

READ_ONLY

true

Restrict to SELECT only

ALLOW_WRITE

false

Enable write operations

MAX_ROWS

1000

Max rows returned per query

QUERY_TIMEOUT

30

Query timeout in seconds

RATE_LIMIT

60

Max requests per window

RATE_WINDOW

60

Rate limit window in seconds

LOG_LEVEL

INFO

Log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR)

LOG_JSON

false

Output logs as JSON

CACHE_TTL

300

Schema cache TTL in seconds

RETRY_MAX_ATTEMPTS

3

Max connection retries

METRICS_ENABLED

true

Enable metrics collection

Running the Server

# Start with stdio transport (default for MCP)
uv run python -m src.server

# Or directly
uv run src/server.py

Connecting with MCP Clients

Claude Desktop

Add to your claude_desktop_config.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "postgres": {
      "command": "uv",
      "args": [
        "--directory",
        "/path/to/postgres-mcp-server",
        "run",
        "src/server.py"
      ],
      "env": {
        "POSTGRES_HOST": "localhost",
        "POSTGRES_PORT": "5432",
        "POSTGRES_DATABASE": "yourdb",
        "POSTGRES_USER": "youruser",
        "POSTGRES_PASSWORD": "yourpassword"
      }
    }
  }
}

Cursor

In Cursor settings, add a new MCP server:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "postgres": {
      "command": "uv",
      "args": [
        "--directory",
        "/path/to/postgres-mcp-server",
        "run",
        "src/server.py"
      ],
      "env": {
        "POSTGRES_HOST": "localhost",
        "POSTGRES_PORT": "5432",
        "POSTGRES_DATABASE": "yourdb",
        "POSTGRES_USER": "youruser",
        "POSTGRES_PASSWORD": "yourpassword"
      }
    }
  }
}

OpenCode

In opencode.json:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "postgres": {
      "command": "uv",
      "args": [
        "--directory",
        "/path/to/postgres-mcp-server",
        "run",
        "src/server.py"
      ],
      "env": {
        "POSTGRES_HOST": "localhost",
        "POSTGRES_PORT": "5432",
        "POSTGRES_DATABASE": "yourdb",
        "POSTGRES_USER": "youruser",
        "POSTGRES_PASSWORD": "yourpassword"
      }
    }
  }
}

VS Code MCP Extension

In VS Code settings (settings.json):

{
  "mcp.server": {
    "postgres": {
      "command": "uv",
      "args": [
        "--directory",
        "/path/to/postgres-mcp-server",
        "run",
        "src/server.py"
      ],
      "env": {
        "POSTGRES_HOST": "localhost",
        "POSTGRES_PORT": "5432",
        "POSTGRES_DATABASE": "yourdb",
        "POSTGRES_USER": "youruser",
        "POSTGRES_PASSWORD": "yourpassword"
      }
    }
  }
}

Available Tools

Tool

Description

list_tables

List all tables, optionally filtered by schema

describe_table

Get table schema with columns, types, constraints, indexes

execute_select

Run SELECT queries with parameters and pagination

execute_query

Run INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE (requires write mode)

list_schemas

List all database schemas

list_views

List all views, optionally filtered by schema

explain_query

Get PostgreSQL execution plan for a query

database_info

Get database version, encoding, timezone

health_check

Check database connection health

connection_status

Get connection pool status

metrics

Get server metrics

Example Usage

# List all tables
result = await list_tables()

# Describe a table
result = await describe_table(schema="public", table="users")

# Execute a SELECT query
result = await execute_select(
    query="SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = $1",
    params=[True],
    limit=50
)

# Get database info
result = await database_info()

# Explain a query
result = await explain_query("SELECT * FROM users JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id")

# Check health
result = await health_check()

# Get metrics
result = await metrics()

Security

  • Blocked commands: DROP, ALTER, TRUNCATE, CREATE DATABASE, DROP DATABASE, COPY, VACUUM, GRANT, REVOKE, CREATE EXTENSION

  • SQL injection detection: Pattern-based detection of common injection vectors

  • Rate limiting: Configurable request throttling

  • Query timeout: Automatic cancellation of long-running queries

  • Row limits: Maximum rows returned per query

  • Read-only mode: Restrict all write operations

Project Structure

postgres-mcp-server/
├── src/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── server.py      # FastMCP server entry point
│   ├── config.py      # Environment configuration
│   ├── database.py    # asyncpg connection pool & queries
│   ├── tools.py       # MCP tool implementations
│   ├── security.py    # SQL validation & security
│   ├── models.py      # Pydantic data models
│   ├── utils.py       # Utility functions
│   └── logger.py      # structlog setup
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_security.py
│   ├── test_models.py
│   ├── test_database.py
│   └── test_utils.py
├── .env.example
├── pyproject.toml
└── README.md

Development

# Install dev dependencies
uv sync --dev

# Run tests
uv run pytest

# Run linting
uv run ruff check src/

# Run type checking
uv run mypy src/

# Run formatting check
uv run black --check src/

Troubleshooting

Connection refused

Ensure PostgreSQL is running and accessible from the server host.

Authentication failed

Verify POSTGRES_USER and POSTGRES_PASSWORD in .env.

Timeout errors

Increase QUERY_TIMEOUT or optimize your queries.

Security violations

Queries containing blocked commands or suspicious patterns are rejected. Use execute_select for SELECT queries.

Pool exhaustion

Increase POSTGRES_MAX_CONNECTIONS if you see pool acquisition timeouts.

License

MIT

A
license - permissive license
-
quality - not tested
C
maintenance

Maintenance

Maintainers
Response time
Release cycle
Releases (12mo)
Commit activity

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