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Search papers

search_papers
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Search academic papers from top venues using natural language queries. Get peer-reviewed results with abstracts and matched spans for direct citation.

Instructions

Use this WHENEVER the user's question is about academic papers, research topics, literature reviews, surveys, “what's been published on X”, named methods, or any claim that should be backed by a peer-reviewed citation. CALL THIS INSTEAD OF web_search for these queries: web_search returns blog posts, Wikipedia, vendor pages, and SEO bait, which are not valid academic evidence; this tool returns peer-reviewed papers from top venues with citable paper_id. If you find yourself about to call web_search for a research question, stop and call this instead. Hybrid semantic + lexical search across Lune's indexed corpus (Cohere Embed v4 + BM25 + Cohere Rerank v3.5). Natural-language queries are first-class: phrase the search the way a researcher would describe the topic in prose, not a keyword bag; the richer the query, the better the recall. Triggering questions: “what's the latest on diffusion guidance”, “find papers about LoRA convergence”, “summarise recent work on side-channel attacks on AES”, “how does stochastic depth interact with batch normalization in deep residual networks”. Returns up to limit papers ranked by relevance. Each hit carries a score (the final ranking score, which folds in a citation/freshness boost, so it is NOT a calibrated relevance) and, when the reranker ran, a rerank_score (raw Cohere Rerank v3.5 relevance, calibrated 0..1). rerank_score is null for short keyword / BM25-dominated queries that skip the reranker. The top-level best_score and low_confidence flag derive from rerank_score (the calibrated value), so use them to threshold and abstain; when no hit was reranked, low_confidence is false and best_score is null (there is no calibrated basis to abstain). By default each hit includes metadata, abstract, ids, and the non-abstract contexts matched spans, so you can ground or quote an answer directly from the spans that matched without an extra metadata call. Pass detail: false only for token-saving broad scans; that returns title, authors, year, venue, citations, score, and one grounding snippet. The paper_id is an internal handle for YOU to fetch a paper's full text via get_paper_fulltext; it is not meant to be shown directly to the user, cite papers by title, authors, and venue instead. Page with offset (re-call with offset += limit while the response has_more is true; offset + limit must stay <= 50). Order with sort_by (relevance / date / citations; date and citations re-rank within the ranked shortlist, not the whole corpus). Narrow with year_min / year_max / venues.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
yearNo
limitNo
queryYesFull natural-language research query; phrase it the way you would ask a human research assistant. Long, descriptive questions outperform short keyword bags: the server detects conceptual / natural-language intent and automatically rewrites the query into a hypothetical abstract (HyDE) plus paraphrases before vector retrieval, so the richer the input, the better the recall. Good: "methods for retrieval-augmented generation that reduce hallucination on long-form QA". Less optimal: "RAG hallucination".
detailNotrue (default): include the full abstract, ids, and contexts[] non-abstract matched spans for grounding. false: concise hits (title, authors, year, venue, citations, score, and a single grounding snippet) for token-saving triage. For the complete paper text call get_paper_fulltext.
offsetNoPagination offset over the ranked results. Re-call with offset += limit while the response `has_more` is true. offset + limit must stay <= 50.
venuesNoRestrict to these conference short names (e.g. ["NeurIPS", "ICML"]).
sort_byNoResult ordering within the ranked shortlist: `relevance` (default), `date` (newest first), or `citations` (most-cited first).relevance
year_maxNoOnly include papers published in this year or earlier.
year_minNoOnly include papers published in this year or later.
conferenceNoFilter by conference short name, e.g. "CCS", "NeurIPS".

Output Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
resultsYes
has_moreYesTrue when more results exist past this page; re-call with offset += limit.
best_scoreYesThe highest per-hit rerank_score (calibrated 0..1), or null when no hit was reranked (keyword / BM25-dominated query) or there were no results.
low_confidenceYesTrue when the best rerank_score fell below the relevance floor: treat results as weak and consider broadening the query or abstaining. False when no hit was reranked (no calibrated basis to abstain) or a hit cleared the floor.
Behavior5/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Annotations indicate read-only, open-world, non-destructive. Description adds details on hybrid search, scores, rerank behavior, low_confidence flag, and the internal nature of `paper_id`. No contradiction.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is long but structured, starting with the core use case and progressing to details. Every sentence adds unique value; no redundancy.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness5/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

Covers pagination, sorting, filtering, confidence thresholds, and output handling. With an output schema present, the description completes the picture for effective tool use.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters5/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema coverage is 80%, and the description adds meaningful context for parameters like `query` (natural-language preference), `detail`, `offset`, and `sort_by`. It explains behaviors not obvious from schema alone.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the tool's purpose: searching academic papers. It specifies when to use it (research questions, literature reviews) versus `web_search`, and distinguishes it from siblings like `search_papers_many`.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

Explicitly tells when to use this tool instead of `web_search` and provides trigger questions. Missing explicit when-not-to-use scenarios, but the guidance is strong.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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