search_scholar
Search Google Scholar for academic papers, peer-reviewed research, and scholarly articles to support evidence-based inquiries and academic research.
Instructions
Searches Google Scholar for academic papers and scholarly articles. Use this tool when researching scientific topics, looking for peer-reviewed research, academic citations, or scholarly literature. Returns structured data including titles, authors, publication details, and citation counts. Ideal for academic research and evidence-based inquiries.
Input Schema
TableJSON Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| query | Yes | Academic search query |
Implementation Reference
- index.ts:991-1153 (handler)Core handler implementation for 'search_scholar' tool. Uses Playwright to stealthily navigate Google Scholar, input query with human-like delays and typing, submit search, extract structured results (title, authors, snippet, citations), store in session, and return JSON.
case "search_scholar": { // Extract search query from request parameters const { query } = request.params.arguments as { query: string }; try { // Execute search with retry mechanism const results = await withRetry(async () => { // Step 1: Navigate to Google Scholar search page await safePageNavigation(page, 'https://scholar.google.com'); // Simulate human behavior await randomDelay(800, 1500); await simulateHumanBehavior(page); // Step 2: Find and interact with search input await withRetry(async () => { // Wait for search input element to appear await page.waitForSelector('input[name="q"]', { timeout: 5000 }) .catch(() => { throw new Error('Scholar search input not found'); }); // Random delay before interacting await randomDelay(300, 700); // Find the search input element const searchInput = await page.$('input[name="q"]'); // Verify search input was found if (!searchInput) { throw new Error('Scholar search input element not found after waiting'); } // Step 3: Enter search query with human-like typing await searchInput.click(); await randomDelay(100, 300); await searchInput.click({ clickCount: 3 }); // Select all existing text await randomDelay(50, 150); await searchInput.press('Backspace'); // Clear selected text await randomDelay(200, 400); // Type query with random delays between characters for (const char of query) { await searchInput.type(char); await randomDelay(50, 150); } }, 3, 2000); // Allow 3 retries with 2s delay // Random delay before submitting await randomDelay(400, 900); // Step 4: Submit search and wait for results await withRetry(async () => { await Promise.all([ page.keyboard.press('Enter'), page.waitForLoadState('networkidle', { timeout: 15000 }), ]); }); // Simulate human behavior after results load await randomDelay(500, 1000); await simulateHumanBehavior(page); // Step 5: Extract scholar search results const scholarResults = await withRetry(async () => { const results = await page.evaluate(() => { // Find all scholar result containers const elements = document.querySelectorAll('.gs_r.gs_or.gs_scl'); if (!elements || elements.length === 0) { throw new Error('No scholar search results found'); } // Extract data from each result return Array.from(elements).map((el) => { try { // Find required elements within result container const titleEl = el.querySelector('.gs_rt'); // Title element const authorEl = el.querySelector('.gs_a'); // Authors, venue, year const snippetEl = el.querySelector('.gs_rs'); // Snippet/abstract const citedByEl = el.querySelector('.gs_fl a:nth-child(3)'); // Cited by element // Extract title and URL let title = ''; let url = ''; if (titleEl) { const titleLink = titleEl.querySelector('a'); title = titleEl.textContent?.trim() || ''; url = titleLink?.getAttribute('href') || ''; } // Extract author, venue, and year information const authorInfo = authorEl?.textContent?.trim() || ''; // Extract snippet const snippet = snippetEl?.textContent?.trim() || ''; // Extract citation count let citationCount = ''; if (citedByEl && citedByEl.textContent?.includes('Cited by')) { citationCount = citedByEl.textContent.trim(); } // Skip results missing critical data if (!title) { return null; } // Return structured result data return { title, // Paper title url, // Paper URL if available authorInfo, // Authors, venue, year snippet, // Abstract/snippet citationCount, // Citation information }; } catch (err) { // Skip problematic results return null; } }).filter(result => result !== null); // Remove invalid results }); // Verify we found valid results if (!results || results.length === 0) { throw new Error('No valid scholar search results found'); } // Return compiled list of results return results; }); // Step 6: Store results in session scholarResults.forEach((result) => { addResult({ url: result.url || 'https://scholar.google.com', title: result.title, content: `${result.authorInfo}\n\n${result.snippet}\n\n${result.citationCount}`, timestamp: new Date().toISOString(), }); }); // Return compiled list of results return scholarResults; }); // Step 7: Return formatted results return { content: [{ type: "text", text: JSON.stringify(results, null, 2) // Pretty-print JSON results }] }; } catch (error) { // Handle and format search errors return { content: [{ type: "text", text: `Failed to perform scholar search: ${(error as Error).message}` }], isError: true }; } } - index.ts:178-184 (schema)Input schema definition for search_scholar tool, requiring a 'query' string parameter.
inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: { query: { type: "string", description: "Academic search query" }, }, required: ["query"], }, - index.ts:175-185 (registration)Tool registration in TOOLS array, defining name, description, and linking to input schema for list tools endpoint.
{ name: "search_scholar", description: "Searches Google Scholar for academic papers and scholarly articles. Use this tool when researching scientific topics, looking for peer-reviewed research, academic citations, or scholarly literature. Returns structured data including titles, authors, publication details, and citation counts. Ideal for academic research and evidence-based inquiries.", inputSchema: { type: "object", properties: { query: { type: "string", description: "Academic search query" }, }, required: ["query"], }, }, - index.ts:535-537 (registration)Registers the ListToolsRequestSchema handler which returns the TOOLS array including search_scholar.
server.setRequestHandler(ListToolsRequestSchema, async () => ({ tools: TOOLS // Return list of available research tools }));