therblig

Read, explain, lint and edit the .bpmn files already in your repo — from any AI agent, without wrecking the diagram.

An open-source MCP server, CLI, library and local Studio for BPMN 2.0. Engine-neutral, file-native, no account, no remote service, works offline. Apache-2.0.

Status: pre-release, not yet published to npm. The library, CLI and MCP server exist alongside the local Studio. The three-arm agent bake-off has not been completed. See docs/FINDINGS.md for what has been measured — including what was measured wrongly and corrected — and docs/DECISIONS.md for what was decided on the strength of it.

Why

Analysts inherit BPMN models and need to inspect, change and review the files they already have.

Meanwhile, editing a real .bpmn file with ordinary text tools breaks in structural ways:

• a flow id appears three times in the XML (sequenceFlow, incoming, outgoing), so a string replace on it is ambiguous by construction and silently corrupts adjacency

• past ~60 nodes the file exceeds an agent's tool-response budget, so read-modify-write stops working at all

• regenerating the file moves every shape, producing a diff nobody will review

therblig operates on the parsed document instead: patches apply to the object tree, and export serializes the updated tree. The first edit normalizes formatting and can remove XML comments, DOCTYPE declarations and processing instructions; see ADR-004. Subsequent edit diffs are measured separately from that one-time normalization.

Related MCP server: MCP-BPMN Server

Recorded evidence

These are historical measurements from the revisions recorded in docs/FINDINGS.md, not results from the merged checkout. Corpus totals depend on the run.

The Studio branch also recorded seven reference-error kinds missed by the existing validators, a fork placement probe over 18 file/op combinations, and simulation results for 21 MIWG files (16 ran, five refused by name). Those findings remain under Studio F10–F17 in the same document. The rigid-shape probe alone cannot prove label preservation.

The full-layout failure is why edits preserve existing DI and place only new elements.

And one that was measured wrongly. F9 claimed incremental placement preserves layout, scored by a gate testing that everything which moved moved by the same delta. The gate read shape bounds with a regex that cannot reach a BPMNLabel, and the placement code moved shape bounds and nothing else — so on two of the four files it certified, 12 labels were left behind while their shapes slid out from under them, and the gate reported success. The corrected run in F11 measured 0 of 12 — labels were translated with their shapes, and the make-room shift is scoped to the pool being edited rather than the whole document. A probe holds the property in the test suite; the gate that missed it was deliberately left alone, because it scores the benchmark and is not what guards a write.

We publish the corrections because a preservation tool that hides its own preservation failures is worth nothing. Details and repro steps: docs/FINDINGS.md.

Run from the checkout

Use the pinned development runtime in .nvmrc / .node-version (Node 22.20.0). The package consumer floor is Node 22.12. Dependencies are installed from the lockfile:

npm ci
node backend/cli/bin.mjs read bench/corpus/miwg/C.9.0.bpmn
node backend/cli/bin.mjs lint bench/corpus/miwg/C.9.0.bpmn
node backend/cli/bin.mjs explain bench/corpus/miwg/C.9.0.bpmn

The package is named therblig. It retains both CLI entrypoints because they expose different workflows: therblig reads files, applies primitive patches and produces receipts; treadle exposes governed intent operations, review, conformance and rendering. Until npm publication, invoke their files from the checkout:

node backend/cli/main.mjs explain bench/corpus/miwg/C.9.0.bpmn
node backend/cli/main.mjs apply process.bpmn --op timeout \
  --args '{"on":"Review","after":"P3D","to":"Escalate","name":"Late"}'
node backend/cli/main.mjs review as-is.bpmn to-be.bpmn
node backend/cli/main.mjs render to-be.bpmn --against as-is.bpmn > diff.svg

The intent example requires the named nodes in process.bpmn. Edits preview by default. The governed CLI additionally enforces its --allow risk policy when applying an operation. Use --write only after reviewing the preview.

MCP clients

The therblig-mcp entrypoint is backend/mcp/bin.mjs; run it with Node and --root pointing to the workspace whose BPMN files the client may access. For example, from the checkout: node backend/mcp/bin.mjs --root .. Client configuration must use absolute paths to the entrypoint and workspace because the client may start elsewhere.

The retained treadle-mcp entrypoint is backend/mcp/server.mjs, which provides the governed workflow with handles, proposals, revisions and a publication risk policy. The library exposes both MCP factories, createServer and build. Both servers use stdio, with diagnostics on stderr. The plugin scaffold is documented in plugin/README.md; its npm-based setup requires package publication.

The path-addressed server exposes five tools:

Its primitive operations are add, set, del, connect, move and message. move and message are separate verbs rather than flags because the structures differ: lane membership lives on the lane, and a message flow belongs to the collaboration rather than to either process (ADR-011).

bpmn_patch previews by default. To write, pass dry_run: false and the base_rev you were given when you read the file — so an edit built against bytes that have since changed on disk is refused rather than overwriting a save from somebody's modeller.

Before anything is written, the edit is compared against the original: if it changed something the operations did not ask for — a lost element, a label left behind while its shape moved, a sequence flow crossing a pool — it is refused and the file is not opened for writing at all. Refused and byte-identical are the same statement.

The write itself goes to a temp file in the same directory and is renamed over the target, so an interrupted edit leaves either the old file or the new one, never a fragment. The end-to-end write suite exercises process termination during a write. Revision checks detect already-stale bytes; they are not a filesystem lock against a save between the check and rename.

The receipt

Example commands and illustrative output (revision values depend on the input files):

node backend/cli/bin.mjs patch orders.bpmn --ops ops.json --write --base-rev a752214b12e7 --receipt

orders.bpmn  a752214b12e7
  +2 · 0 of 55 protected objects changed, UCR 0%
  1 of 26 shapes moved, 1 distinct delta, 0 labels detached.
  wrote orders.receipt.json
  wrote orders.diff.svg

Written. a752214b12e7 → 87001c4d4939.

The receipt is the preservation claim written down so somebody else can check it — offline, with no key and no network, against the two files it describes:

node backend/cli/bin.mjs verify --receipt orders.receipt.json orders.before.bpmn orders.bpmn

Receipt holds. 11 claims re-derived from the two files.

It is re-derivable rather than signed on purpose. A signature would prove therblig wrote the receipt; re-derivation proves the receipt is true, which is the half that matters and the half you can check without trusting us. Change one number in it and verification names the number.

The drawing beside it is SVG rendered straight from the DI coordinates already in the file — no bpmn-js, no DOM, no headless browser, so ADR-009 stays intact. Added elements are drawn in ink, shapes that moved leave a dashed ghost where they were, and everything the edit did not touch recedes, so the eye goes to the change.

The renderer emits SVG for reviewers. Clients that require a raster image need a separate conversion; the CLI does not provide that conversion.

Or from a terminal:

node backend/cli/bin.mjs lint orders.bpmn
node backend/cli/bin.mjs explain orders.bpmn

orders.bpmn
  warning  Gateway in stock? has 1 outgoing flow. A gateway splits or joins, so it
           needs 2 or more. Add the missing branch, or remove the gateway.

1 file. 0 errors, 1 warning.

MCP file access is confined to --root: the extension is checked before the filesystem is touched, both sides are realpath'd so a symlink cannot lead out, and the containment test is case-insensitive on Windows. Those tests were written before the handler.

Local Studio

make dev                             # http://localhost:3000
make dev PORT=3001 WORKSPACE=/absolute/path/to/models
make build                           # production build of @therblig/studio

The Studio is a local review surface for the workspace’s process library. It opens existing files, shows validation and review results, and renders their DI with pan, zoom and element selection. The app imports the core in process; it needs no separate backend daemon. frontend/ is a private workspace and is excluded from the published CLI/library package. TREADLE_WORKSPACE remains the workspace configuration variable.

Repo layout

backend/
  core/         parse, project, patch, place, intent ops, gates, simulate, review, render
  oracle/       validation and semantic diff, no I/O
  io/           paths, revisions, schema validation, the write barrier
  render/       BPMN to SVG, no bpmn-js and no DOM
  cli/ mcp/     path-addressed and governed callers
  contracts/    TypeScript consumer of generated public declarations
  test/         unit · integration · e2e
frontend/       the private @therblig/studio workspace
bench/          the benchmark harness
  corpus/       BPMN fixtures + profilers (see corpus/PROVENANCE.md)
  scorer/       the five scoring gates
  probe/        red probes: defects asserted before they are fixed
  tasks/        edit tasks and their assertions
  arms/         the IR projection, patch ops and incremental DI placement
scripts/        development runner, licence guard and package audits
third_party/    OMG BPMN 2.0 XSD schemas
docs/           findings, decisions

Running the harness

Needs Node 22.12+ (why). .npmrc sets engine-strict, so an older runtime fails at install rather than producing a different measurement quietly.

npm ci
npm test            # node --test across backend/test
npm run check       # lint, types, core/io coverage, corpus and replay gates
make build          # production Studio build
npm run oracle      # lint the whole corpus
npm run verify:corpus  # every canonical edit on every file, every invariant
npm run probe       # the one probe that FAILS on purpose, see below
npm run licence-guard
npm run pack-audit  # what would actually ship

npm run probe is expected to be red, and only that one. The label and invariant probes were red when they were written, went green when the fixes landed, and moved into npm test — a probe written after its fix proves nothing about the bug it claims to cover. What is left is comment conservation (F10), which is red because of a decision rather than a bug: moddle does not model XML comments, and ADR-004 chose to warn rather than refuse, because the naive text-editing baseline preserves them for free and refusing would make the structured path strictly worse.

Verification and the bake-off

npm run check is the required quality gate; make check invokes it. Core and I/O coverage targets remain 100% for lines, branches and functions. The corpus sweep and real CLI/MCP entrypoint tests supplement coverage with preservation and protocol checks. Repository and review conventions live in CLAUDE.md; AGENTS.md routes other agents to that guide.

The original benchmark compares three arms: a naive text edit, a stronger XML baseline with lint/layout repair, and structured tree patches. It has not established that the structured API makes an agent more correct. The upstream plan deferred the original comparison because its pre-registered n=20 analysis had low power (0.21), and re-scoped future study to preservation. Historical pilot failures and useful measurements from both branches are retained in docs/FINDINGS.md.

License

Apache-2.0. Contributions by DCO sign-off — no CLA, and no plan to relicense the core.

Third-party components and fixture provenance are recorded in NOTICE and bench/corpus/PROVENANCE.md. therblig's own packages depend only on OSI-licensed software. The bpmn.io watermark licence attaches to the watermark rather than to a list of package names, so this is enforced by an SPDX allowlist and a licence-text scan over the installed tree, not by a hardcoded deny list (ADR-009).

BPMN is a trademark of the Object Management Group. Camunda, Signavio and ARIS are trademarks of their respective owners. therblig is not affiliated with or endorsed by any of them.