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analyze_dag

Analyzes a causal DAG to determine identifiability, unmeasured confounding, and minimal sufficient adjustment sets for estimating causal effects from exposure to outcome.

Instructions

Returns identifiability status and minimal adjustment sets given the DAG provided. Specifically: open backdoor paths from exposure to outcome (Pearl 2009 Theorem 3.3.2), the minimal sufficient adjustment sets that block them, and all directed paths.

Accepts either a canonical DAG object or a dagitty_string. Returns a diagnostics block summarizing identifiability, unmeasured confounding, and any flagged issues, plus a static concordance attestation for the engine release.

DAG Studio verifies analyses given a DAG. It does not verify that the DAG correctly encodes domain knowledge or that the variables are measurable in any specific dataset. Outputs are conditional on the encoded structure.

When the DAG is meant to depict a paper's causal model, the encoded structure should reflect the paper's own structural assumptions, including those implicit in its analytical approach (what is adjusted for, what is treated as exposure or outcome, what is decomposed into mediators, what is acknowledged as unmeasured or latent confounding, and what is conditioned on as a collider), rather than an external theoretical framing imported from other literature. If the paper contains no explicit DAG, surface the construct-vs-reproduce ambiguity to the user before treating downstream analysis as a reproduction of the paper.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
edgesNo
nodesNo
outcomeNo
exposureNo
dagitty_stringNoAlternative input: dagitty('dag { ... }') DSL parsed before analysis.
Behavior5/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

With no annotations, the description carries full burden and does so thoroughly. It discloses dagitty_string precedence, error fallback behavior, the static concordance attestation, and the epistemic limitation that outputs are 'conditional on the encoded structure.' This goes well beyond a bare action statement, effectively setting expectations for the tool's behavior.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness4/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is longer than typical but uses a clear structure: a direct result sentence, a clarification of accepted inputs, and a contextual paragraph on use with paper DAGs. It front-loads the core purpose, though the final paragraph is fairly lengthy and could be tighter.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness5/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

The tool is complex and the description covers input modes, precedence, output blocks, attestation, and limitations, which is robust given the lack of an output schema. The absence of per-parameter details is a minor gap, but overall the description provides a complete picture of what the tool does and when to apply it.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

The schema covers only dagitty_string (20% coverage), and the description compensates by explaining the two input modes and the precedence rule ('only the dagitty_string is used when present'). However, individual fields like edges, nodes, exposure, and outcome are not explained beyond their names, leaving a significant parameter-semantics gap.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose5/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description opens with a specific verb+resource: 'Returns identifiability status and minimal adjustment sets given the DAG provided,' and enumerates concrete outputs (open backdoor paths, adjustment sets, directed paths). This clearly distinguishes the tool from siblings like check_overadjustment or simulate_data by focusing on causal identification from a DAG.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description provides clear when-not guidance: it states the tool 'does not verify that the DAG correctly encodes domain knowledge' and advises surfacing ambiguity when a paper lacks an explicit DAG. However, it never names alternative sibling tools or explicitly says 'use this instead of X', so it falls short of the top score.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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