GraphRAG TypeScript MCP Tools
GraphRAG TypeScript MCP Tools
TypeScript、Neo4j、MCP TypeScript SDK を使用して構築された GraphRAG MCP サーバーの完全な実装です。このプロジェクトは、グラフを基盤としたツール、リソース、LLM サンプリングや補完などの高度な機能を公開する、本番品質の MCP サーバーを構築する方法を示しています。
このプロジェクトは、Neo4j GraphAcademy — Building GraphRAG TypeScript MCP tools コースの一環として構築されました。
MCP とは?
Model Context Protocol(MCP)は、Anthropic によるオープン標準で、AI エージェント(Claude、Cursor、VS Code Copilot)が外部ツールやデータソースに標準化された方法で接続できるようにします。
Related MCP server: CodeRAG
プロジェクト構造
genai-mcp-build-custom-tools-typescript/ ├── server/ │ └── index.ts ← Main MCP server: 4 tools + 1 resource + sampling + completions ├── strawberry/ │ └── index.ts ← First MCP server: simple countLetters tool ├── solutions/ ← Course reference solutions ├── .vscode/ │ └── mcp.json ← VS Code MCP configuration └── README.md
構築内容
ステップ 1 — 最初の MCP サーバー (strawberry/index.ts)
可能な限りシンプルな MCP サーバーです。ツールは1つ、データベースなし、stdio トランスポートを使用します。
server.registerTool("countLetters", {
description: "Count occurrences of a letter in the text",
inputSchema: {
text: z.string().describe("The text to search in"),
search: z.string().describe("The letter to count"),
},
}, async ({ text, search }) => ({
content: [{
type: "text",
text: String(text.toLowerCase().split(search.toLowerCase()).length - 1),
}],
}));テスト結果: countLetters("strawberry", "r") → 3
MCP Inspector を使用してテスト済み — MCP サーバーを探索およびテストするためのブラウザベースのツールです。
ステップ 2 — Neo4j 接続(モジュールスコープ)
Python の lifespan コンテキストマネージャとは異なり、TypeScript では モジュールスコープ変数 を使用します。ドライバはファイルの先頭で一度だけ作成され、すべてのツールが直接共有します。
// Created ONCE when file loads — shared by all tools
const driver: Driver = neo4j.driver(
process.env["NEO4J_URI"] ?? "neo4j://localhost:7687",
neo4j.auth.basic(
process.env["NEO4J_USERNAME"] ?? "neo4j",
process.env["NEO4J_PASSWORD"] ?? "password"
)
);
const database = process.env["NEO4J_DATABASE"] ?? "neo4j";SIGINT によるグレースフルシャットダウン:
process.on("SIGINT", async () => {
await driver.close();
await server.close();
process.exit(0);
});ステップ 3 — ツール 1: graphStatistics
Neo4j 内のすべてのノードとリレーションシップをカウントします。
結果: {"nodes": 28863, "relationships": 332522}
ステップ 4 — ツール 2: getMoviesByGenre
IMDB 評価順にジャンルで映画を検索します。ロギングには console.error() を使用します — stdio サーバーでは決して console.log() を使ってはいけません(JSON-RPC チャネルが破損します)。
server.registerTool("getMoviesByGenre", {
description: "Get movies by genre from the Neo4j database",
inputSchema: {
genre: z.string().describe("The genre to search for (e.g., Action, Comedy, Drama)"),
limit: z.number().default(10).describe("Maximum number of movies to return"),
},
}, async ({ genre, limit }) => {
const { records } = await driver.executeQuery(query,
{ genre, limit: neo4j.int(limit) }, // neo4j.int() for 64-bit integer compatibility
{ database }
);
...
});ステップ 5 — ツール 3: browse_movies_by_genre(ページネーション)
Neo4j の SKIP と LIMIT を使用したカーソルベースのページネーション:
const skip = parseInt(cursor, 10) || 0;
// Cypher: SKIP $skip LIMIT $limit
const nextCursor = movies.length === pageSize ? String(skip + pageSize) : null;戻り値:
{
"genre": "Action",
"movies": [...],
"nextCursor": "2",
"page": 1,
"pageSize": 2,
"hasMore": true,
"count": 2
}ステップ 6 — リソース: movie://{tmdbId}
ResourceTemplate を使用して TMDB ID で映画の詳細情報を公開します:
server.registerResource(
"movie",
new ResourceTemplate("movie://{tmdbId}", { list: undefined }),
{ description: "Get detailed information about a specific movie", mimeType: "application/json" },
async (uri, { tmdbId }) => {
// uri.href = "movie://603"
// returns: contents array with JSON movie data
}
);例: movie://603(The Matrix)、movie://13(Forrest Gump)
ステップ 7 — 高度な機能: サンプリング(explainMovieData)
実行中に LLM を呼び出して、生の Neo4j データを自然言語に変換するツール:
const result = await server.server.createMessage({
messages: [{
role: "user",
content: {
type: "text",
text: `Describe '${movieData.title}' (${movieData.released})...`,
},
}],
maxTokens: 200,
});サンプリングなし: {'title': 'Toy Story', 'released': '1995', 'actors': [...]}
サンプリングあり(VS Code Copilot): "Toy Story — バズ・ライトイヤーが新しいお気に入りになったことで居場所を失ったと感じる嫉妬深いカウボーイ人形ウッディを描いた、機知に富んだ面白いアニメーションアドベンチャー..."
注: 低レベルのサーバーで capability を設定する必要があります:
server.server["_capabilities"] = { ...server.server["_capabilities"], completions: {} };
ステップ 8 — 高度な機能: 補完
ジャンルパラメータに対するリアルタイムの自動補完候補 — ユーザーが入力する際に Neo4j にクエリを実行します:
import { CompleteRequestSchema } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js";
server.server.setRequestHandler(CompleteRequestSchema, async (request) => {
if (request.params.argument.name === "genre") {
const { records } = await driver.executeQuery(
`MATCH (g:Genre)
WHERE g.name STARTS WITH $prefix
RETURN g.name AS name
ORDER BY name ASC LIMIT 10`,
{ prefix: request.params.argument.value },
{ database }
);
return { completion: { values: records.map(r => r.get("name")) } };
}
return { completion: { values: [] } };
});Python 版との主な違い
概念 | Python (FastMCP) | TypeScript (McpServer) |
ツール登録 |
|
|
共有状態 | Lifespan コンテキストマネージャ | モジュールスコープ変数 |
ドライバアクセス |
|
|
ロギング |
|
|
サンプリング |
|
|
補完 |
|
|
ファイル構造 | 機能ごとにファイルを分離 | すべてを1つの |
数値パラメータ | Python の int 型ヒント |
|
プロンプトパラメータ |
| 常に |
セットアップ
前提条件
Node.js 20+
npm
Neo4j Sandbox — sandbox.neo4j.com の Recommendations データセット
インストール
git clone https://github.com/Akakinad/genai-mcp-build-custom-tools-typescript
cd genai-mcp-build-custom-tools-typescript
npm install認証情報の設定
cat > server/.env << EOF
NEO4J_URI=bolt://your-sandbox-ip:7687
NEO4J_USERNAME=neo4j
NEO4J_PASSWORD=your-password
NEO4J_DATABASE=neo4j
EOFセットアップの確認
npx tsx client/test_environment.ts
# Expected: All checks passed!実行
MCP Inspector でテストする(ブラウザ UI)
cd server
npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector npx tsx index.tsターミナルに表示された URL を開く → Connect → Tools タブ → List Tools → ツールを選択 → Run Tool。
AI エディタで使用するためのサーバーを実行
cd server
npx tsx index.tsVS Code 設定 (.vscode/mcp.json)
{
"servers": {
"movies-ts": {
"type": "stdio",
"command": "npx",
"args": ["tsx", "/absolute/path/to/server/index.ts"]
}
}
}VS Code Copilot でテストする
movies-ts MCP ツールを使用して映画「Toy Story」を説明してください movies-ts MCP ツールを使用してアクション映画を検索してください movies-ts MCP ツールを使用してグラフ統計を取得してください
コース
ラーニングパス: Generative AI & GraphRAG
コース: Building GraphRAG TypeScript MCP tools
Building GraphRAG TypeScript MCP Tools
GraphAcademy コース Building GraphRAG TypeScript MCP Tools のコンパニオンリポジトリです。
受講生は、Neo4j グラフデータベースに接続する MCP(Model Context Protocol)サーバーを構築し、AI アシスタントで使用するツールとリソースを公開します。
はじめに
.env.exampleを.envにコピーし、Neo4j の接続情報で値を更新します。依存関係をインストール:
npm installサーバーを起動:
npm startMCP Inspector でサーバーを検査:
npm run inspectソリューション
solutions/ ディレクトリには、各レッスンのチェックポイントの完成コードが含まれています。
Available Tools
4 toolsbrowse_movies_by_genreC
Browse movies in a genre with pagination support
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| genre | Yes | Genre name (e.g. Action, Comedy, Drama) | |
| cursor | No | Pagination cursor - position in the result set | 0 |
| pageSize | No | Number of movies to return per page |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations provided, the description must disclose behavioral traits. It mentions pagination support but does not state whether this is a read-only operation, whether it requires authentication, or what happens with invalid genres. The mutation safety profile is unclear.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is a single, front-loaded sentence that conveys the core purpose efficiently. It contains no unnecessary words, but could benefit from a second sentence on when to use this vs getMoviesByGenre.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given no output schema, the description does not explain return values (e.g., movie details format, total result count). For a paginated browsing tool with three parameters and sibling overlap, more context is needed to guide correct invocation.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema description coverage is 100%, so the schema already documents all three parameters. The description adds minimal value beyond listing genres and pagination, but it does not clarify cursor semantics (e.g., whether it is a page number or token). Baseline 3 is appropriate given full schema coverage.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the verb 'Browse' and resource 'movies in a genre' with pagination support. While it differentiates from siblings like getMoviesByGenre (similar purpose) and explainMovieData (different purpose), it could be more explicit about how browsing differs from getting movies.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
No guidance is provided on when to use this tool vs getMoviesByGenre, which appears to have overlapping functionality. It does not specify exclusions or alternatives, leaving the agent to infer usage from the description alone.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
explainMovieDataA
Get a natural language explanation of movie data using LLM sampling
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| movieTitle | Yes | The title of the movie |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
With no annotations provided, the description bears full responsibility for behavioral disclosure. It mentions 'using LLM sampling', which implies non-deterministic generative behavior, but omits details on authorization, rate limits, or potential side effects. The minimal context is acceptable for a read-like tool but lacks depth.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is a single sentence of 10 words, front-loading the core functionality. Every word contributes meaning, and there is no redundant or irrelevant information.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given low complexity (1 required parameter, no output schema), the description adequately states the tool's purpose but fails to specify what aspects of movie data are explained (e.g., plot, cast, ratings) or the nature of the 'natural language explanation'. The output format is left entirely to inference.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
The input schema has 100% coverage with a single parameter 'movieTitle' described as 'The title of the movie'. The description adds no additional parameter semantics beyond the schema, so it meets the baseline for well-documented parameters without extra value.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the verb 'Get', the resource 'movie data', and the method 'natural language explanation using LLM sampling'. It distinguishes itself from siblings like getMoviesByGenre and graphStatistics, which serve different purposes.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description provides no guidance on when to use this tool versus its siblings. It does not mention when-not-to-use, prerequisites, or alternatives, leaving the agent to infer based solely on the tool name and sibling list.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
getMoviesByGenreC
Get movies by genre from the Neo4j database
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| genre | Yes | The genre to search for (e.g., Action, Comedy, Drama) | |
| limit | No | Maximum number of movies to return |
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
No annotations are provided, so the description alone must disclose behavioral traits. It only states 'Get movies by genre' without confirming read-only behavior, authentication needs, or pagination behavior (though the schema reveals a default limit of 10). This minimal disclosure leaves significant behavioral ambiguity.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
The description is a single concise sentence of 8 words, with no superfluous information. It is front-loaded with the core action. However, it could be slightly expanded with additional context (e.g., limit behavior) without becoming verbose, so it does not achieve a perfect score.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given the absence of an output schema, the description should explain what the tool returns (e.g., list of movie objects, format). It does not. Additionally, it fails to differentiate from the sibling tool 'browse_movies_by_genre', making the overall context incomplete for an agent to select and invoke the tool correctly.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
The input schema has 100% description coverage for both parameters, so the baseline is 3. The description does not add any extra meaning beyond what the schema provides (e.g., it does not clarify whether genre matching is exact or fuzzy). It scores neither higher nor lower than the baseline.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the action ('Get movies by genre') and the data source ('Neo4j database'). It is specific and provides a direct understanding of the tool's function. However, it does not differentiate itself from the sibling tool 'browse_movies_by_genre', which appears to have a very similar purpose.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description offers no guidance on when to use this tool versus alternatives like 'browse_movies_by_genre'. It lacks any context about prerequisites, limitations, or typical use cases. Without such guidance, an agent may select the wrong tool.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
graphStatisticsB
Count the number of nodes and relationships in the graph
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
No parameters | |||
TDQS
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
No annotations are provided, so the description must carry the full burden. It states a read operation (count), but doesn't disclose whether the count is real-time, cached, or if it requires permissions. For a zero-parameter tool, more context on performance or scope would help.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
A single sentence, perfectly sized for the tool's simplicity. No wasted words.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Given zero parameters, no output schema, and simple purpose, the description is largely adequate. However, it doesn't mention the format or granularity of the counts (e.g., separate numbers for nodes vs. relationships), leaving minor ambiguity.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Schema has zero parameters with 100% coverage, so the description doesn't need to add param details. The baseline is 4 due to schema fully covering the (empty) parameter list.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
The description clearly states the verb ('Count') and the resources ('nodes and relationships in the graph'). It differentiates from siblings (which filter by genre or explain data) by being a global count tool.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
The description implies usage for getting graph size, but it doesn't explicitly say when to use this vs. siblings (e.g., 'Use this for an overview; use getMoviesByGenre for filtering'). No when-not or alternatives mentioned.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
Tool Schema Changelog
Recent tool additions, removals, and schema changes observed during successful MCP inspections.
4 tool updates
v1.0.0- First observed
browse_movies_by_genre - First observed
explainMovieData - First observed
getMoviesByGenre - First observed
graphStatistics
TDQS
Scored across 4 tools
The two tools for movies by genre (getMoviesByGenre and browse_movies_by_genre) have overlapping purposes; the only distinction is pagination support, which may cause an agent to misselect. Other tools are distinct.
Mixes camelCase (getMoviesByGenre, explainMovieData, graphStatistics) and snake_case (browse_movies_by_genre) with different verb conventions ('get' vs 'browse'), showing inconsistency.
With only 4 tools, the surface is minimal but perhaps appropriate for a read-only movie graph query server. It borders on being too few but is not extreme.
Missing basic operations like fetching a specific movie by ID, listing all genres, or querying actors/relationships. The tool set covers only a small subset of expected graph queries, leaving significant gaps.
Maintenance
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