Creates a new Google Sheets spreadsheet and returns it: spreadsheetId, spreadsheetUrl, properties (title, locale, timeZone) and sheets[] with each sheet's numeric sheetId. sheet_titles creates one tab per title in order (omitted = a single default "Sheet1"). The file lands in the authorized user's My Drive root — moving it into a folder needs the Drive API, which this server does not cover. Save the returned spreadsheetId: the Sheets API has no list endpoint of its own (search_spreadsheets exists, but it needs a Drive scope on the token).

Returns the spreadsheet's structure: properties (title, locale, timeZone), sheets[] with properties (sheetId, title, index, gridProperties incl. rowCount/columnCount and frozenRowCount/frozenColumnCount), plus each sheet's protectedRanges, conditionalFormats, tables and charts, and the spreadsheet's namedRanges. Call this FIRST whenever a structural tool needs a sheetId, protectedRangeId, tableId, chartId or a conditional-format rule index — titles are not addresses. By default no cell data is returned; include_grid_data=true (optionally limited to ranges) embeds cells but is heavy — prefer read_values for data. fields is a partial-response mask to trim the payload, e.g. "sheets.properties".

Finds Google Sheets spreadsheets the authorized user can open (own files and shared drives; trashed files are excluded): id, name, createdTime, modifiedTime, owners and webViewLink per file, newest-modified first by default. name_contains filters by name substring; omit it to list everything. Paginate with page_token from nextPageToken. This is the one read that goes through the Drive API internally, so the OAuth token needs a Drive scope (drive, drive.readonly or drive.file for app-created files) — with only the spreadsheets scope it fails with 403 while every other tool still works.

Reads one or more A1 ranges in a single call (one request against the quota, however many ranges) and returns valueRanges[] — each with its resolved range and a 2-D values array (outer = rows unless major_dimension=COLUMNS). Trailing empty rows/columns are omitted; a fully empty range has no values key at all. value_render_option: FORMATTED_VALUE (default, strings as displayed, honoring the cell's number format and locale), UNFORMATTED_VALUE (raw numbers/booleans), FORMULA (the formula text, e.g. "=SUM(A1:A10)" — the way to read formulas). With UNFORMATTED_VALUE, dates arrive as serial numbers unless date_time_render_option=FORMATTED_STRING.

Overwrites one A1 range with a 2-D values matrix (rows first) and returns updatedRange/updatedRows/updatedColumns/updatedCells. The matrix is anchored at the range's top-left corner; cells beyond the matrix keep their old content, and a null entry skips (does not clear) that cell — use clear_values to empty cells. value_input_option USER_ENTERED (default) parses input like typing in the UI: "=SUM(A1:A10)" becomes a live formula, "1,234" and "2026-01-15" become number/date per the spreadsheet locale; RAW stores everything as literal values. For several ranges use batch_write_values (one quota unit instead of N).

Overwrites several A1 ranges in ONE call — one write against the per-minute quota instead of one per range, so always prefer this over looping write_values. data is a list of {range, values} pairs; all are written with the same value_input_option (USER_ENTERED parses formulas/numbers/dates, RAW stores literally). Returns totalUpdatedCells and a per-range responses[] breakdown. Like write_values, null entries skip cells rather than clearing them.

Appends rows after the last row of the data table that contains the given range — pass the table's region (e.g. "Sheet1!A1:D1" or just "Sheet1") and the API finds the first free row itself; the response's updates.updatedRange shows where the rows actually landed. insert_data_option INSERT_ROWS pushes existing data below down; OVERWRITE (default behaviour) writes into the free rows after the table. Never retried after an ambiguous failure — re-appending would duplicate the rows, so check the sheet first (read_values) before re-sending.

Empties the VALUES of one or more A1 ranges in a single call — cell contents and formulas are gone (no undo through the API), while formatting, data validation, notes, conditional formats and merges all stay. To also remove formatting use format_cells or raw_request; to delete whole rows/columns (not just their content) use manage_dimensions action=delete.

Manages the sheets (tabs) of a spreadsheet. action=add creates a tab (title required; optional index position and row_count/column_count — default 1000×26). action=duplicate copies a tab within the same spreadsheet (sheet_id; optional title for the copy and index). action=rename changes a tab's title (sheet_id + title; the numeric sheetId never changes, so other tools keep working). action=delete removes the tab AND all its data — irreversible through the API, and deleting the last remaining sheet fails. action=copy_to copies a tab into ANOTHER spreadsheet (sheet_id + destination_spreadsheet_id; the copy arrives named "Copy of ..." — rename it there). Get sheet_id values from get_spreadsheet; every action except add returns batchUpdate replies with the affected sheet's properties.

Applies cell formatting to a range: background_color, text color/bold/italic/strikethrough/underline/font_size/font_family, horizontal/vertical alignment, wrap_strategy, and number format (number_format_type NUMBER/PERCENT/CURRENCY/DATE/TIME/DATE_TIME/SCIENTIFIC/TEXT with an optional number_format_pattern like "#,##0.00" or "dd.mm.yyyy"). Only the provided properties are touched — the update mask is computed automatically, so existing formatting outside it survives; at least one formatting field is required. The range is a grid rectangle addressed by sheet_id + 0-based indexes (get sheet_id from get_spreadsheet). Colors are "#RRGGBB" hex strings.

Freezes the first N rows and/or columns of a sheet so they stay visible while scrolling (typical: frozen_rows=1 pins the header). 0 unfreezes. At least one of frozen_rows / frozen_columns is required; the other stays as it is. You cannot freeze all rows or all columns of a sheet — at least one unfrozen row/column must remain.

Draws borders around and/or inside a grid range. top/bottom/left/right are the range's outer edges; inner_horizontal/inner_vertical are the grid lines between cells inside it. Each side takes {style, color?} — styles SOLID, SOLID_MEDIUM, SOLID_THICK, DOTTED, DASHED, DOUBLE, or NONE to remove that side's border. Only the provided sides change; at least one is required. Colors are "#RRGGBB" hex (default black).

Row/column operations on a run of rows (dimension=ROWS) or columns (dimension=COLUMNS), addressed by sheet_id + 0-based start_index (inclusive) and end_index (exclusive) — e.g. columns A-C = start 0, end 3. action=resize sets an exact pixel_size; auto_resize fits to content; insert adds empty rows/columns at start_index (inherit_from_before=true copies formatting from the row/column before instead of after); delete removes them WITH their data (irreversible; cell references below/right shift); hide/show toggle visibility without touching data; group/ungroup add or remove a collapsible outline group over the run (groups nest — repeat group on a subrange for a deeper level).

Sets — or clears — a data-validation rule on a grid range. With condition_type set, every cell in the range gets the rule: ONE_OF_LIST with condition_values plus show_custom_ui=true is the classic in-cell dropdown; ONE_OF_RANGE takes a "=Sheet1!A1:A10" formula; NUMBER_/TEXT_/DATE_ conditions restrict input; CUSTOM_FORMULA takes a formula evaluated per cell. strict=true rejects invalid input outright, strict=false only shows a warning; input_message is the help text shown on the cell. OMIT condition_type (and the other rule fields) to REMOVE validation from the range. Overwrites any previous rule on the range — one rule per cell.

Manages protections that stop other editors from changing cells. action=add protects a grid range (or a named range via named_range_id; a range with only sheet_id protects the whole sheet): warning_only=true merely warns before edits, otherwise only the listed editor_users/editor_groups (emails) plus the owner may edit — note the calling user is NOT added automatically. Returns the new protectedRangeId in the replies. action=update changes description/warning_only/editors of an existing protection (protected_range_id required; provided fields replace the old values). action=delete removes the protection — the cells and data stay, but anyone with edit access can change them again. Find existing protectedRangeIds via get_spreadsheet.

Manages conditional-format rules that style cells when a condition holds (boolean rules; gradient color scales need raw_request). Rules are addressed by SHEET + INDEX in that sheet's rule list — get current rules and indexes from get_spreadsheet (sheets[].conditionalFormats), and re-read after every mutation because add/delete shift later indexes. action=add inserts a rule at index (default 0 = highest priority; rules are evaluated in order and the first match wins): needs ranges, condition_type (+condition_values; CUSTOM_FORMULA with a "=..." formula is the most flexible) and at least one format field (background_color, text_color, bold, italic). action=update replaces the ENTIRE rule at sheet_id+index with the newly provided one. action=delete removes the rule at sheet_id+index.

Manages structured tables (the "Convert to table" feature: named ranges with per-column types, filters and formatting). action=add creates a table over a grid range whose FIRST ROW becomes the header: name (must be unique in the spreadsheet) + range required; column_properties optionally types the columns — a list of raw TableColumnProperties objects, e.g. [{"columnIndex":0,"columnName":"Task","columnType":"TEXT"},{"columnIndex":1,"columnName":"Done","columnType":"BOOLEAN"}] (columnType TEXT/PERCENT/DROPDOWN/DOUBLE/CURRENCY/DATE/TIME/DATE_TIME/BOOLEAN; DROPDOWN adds dataValidationRule). The reply carries the new table with its tableId. action=update renames and/or re-ranges an existing table (table_id + name and/or range; expanding the range grows the table). action=delete removes the TABLE DEFINITION only — the cell data stays; clear the cells separately if needed. Find tableIds via get_spreadsheet (sheets[].tables).

Manages embedded charts. action=add builds a chart from chart_type (COLUMN/BAR/LINE/AREA/STEPPED_AREA/SCATTER/PIE), domain_range (x-axis labels / pie labels), series_ranges (one grid range per data series; PIE takes exactly one) and optional title/legend_position/header_count (rows of the ranges treated as headers, default 1) — place it with anchor {sheet_id,row_index,column_index} (the cell under the chart's top-left corner) or new_sheet=true for its own chart sheet; the reply carries the new chartId. Ranges should be single columns (or rows) including the header cell. For chart kinds beyond the basic set (combo, waterfall, histogram, org …) pass a raw Sheets API ChartSpec via spec instead — it overrides the simplified fields. action=update REPLACES the whole spec of an existing chart (chart_id + the same spec-building fields; there is no partial chart update). action=delete removes the chart by chart_id. Find chartIds via get_spreadsheet (sheets[].charts).

Shares the spreadsheet (Drive permissions on the file — the OAuth token needs a Drive scope; the spreadsheets scope alone gets 403 here while every Sheets tool still works). action=list shows who has access: id, type, role, emailAddress/domain per permission; one page per call (shared-drive files cap a page at 100) — when the reply carries nextPageToken, pass it back as page_token for the rest. action=grant gives role reader/commenter/writer to type user/group (email_address required), domain (domain required, e.g. "example.com") or anyone (makes the link public — use deliberately); send_notification_email (default true for users) and email_message control the notification, allow_file_discovery lets domain/anyone grants surface in search. action=update changes an existing permission's role (permission_id + role). action=revoke removes a permission (permission_id) — the person loses access immediately. Ownership transfer is not supported by this server. Protecting individual ranges from co-editors is manage_protected_ranges, not this tool.

Escape hatch to call any Google Sheets API v4 path directly, for requests the typed tools don't cover — e.g. a batchUpdate with mergeCells, named ranges, banding, basic filters, slicers, sortRange, findReplace, gradient conditional-format rules, developer metadata, or several requests in one atomic call: path "v4/spreadsheets/:batchUpdate", method POST, body {"requests":[...]}. The path may carry a query string. The Bearer token is added automatically; the method defaults to GET (values updates use PUT). Sheets API paths only — Drive paths are not reachable here.