"""
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Tracker — Monitors global CBDC development status,
pilot programs, and adoption timelines across major economies.
Data sources: Atlantic Council CBDC Tracker (free), BIS CBDC survey data (free),
embedded status database updated from public sources.
"""
import json
import urllib.request
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Any
# Comprehensive CBDC status database (sourced from Atlantic Council + BIS)
CBDC_DATABASE = {
"CN": {
"country": "China",
"currency": "e-CNY (Digital Yuan)",
"status": "pilot",
"phase": "Advanced Pilot",
"launch_year": None,
"pilot_cities": 26,
"technology": "centralized ledger",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": True,
"notes": "Largest CBDC pilot globally. Over 260M wallets opened. Used in multiple provinces.",
},
"EU": {
"country": "Eurozone",
"currency": "Digital Euro",
"status": "development",
"phase": "Preparation Phase",
"launch_year": 2027,
"technology": "DLT hybrid",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": True,
"notes": "ECB preparation phase started Oct 2023. Legislative framework in progress.",
},
"US": {
"country": "United States",
"currency": "Digital Dollar",
"status": "research",
"phase": "Research/Exploration",
"launch_year": None,
"technology": "TBD",
"retail": False,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "Fed exploring wholesale CBDC. Political debate ongoing. Project Hamilton research completed.",
},
"UK": {
"country": "United Kingdom",
"currency": "Digital Pound (Britcoin)",
"status": "development",
"phase": "Design Phase",
"launch_year": 2028,
"technology": "centralized core + API layer",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "BoE + HM Treasury joint project. Design phase 2024-2025.",
},
"IN": {
"country": "India",
"currency": "e-Rupee",
"status": "pilot",
"phase": "Retail + Wholesale Pilot",
"launch_year": None,
"pilot_cities": 15,
"technology": "centralized ledger",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "RBI pilot since Dec 2022. Growing merchant acceptance.",
},
"JP": {
"country": "Japan",
"currency": "Digital Yen",
"status": "development",
"phase": "Pilot Planning",
"launch_year": 2026,
"technology": "DLT hybrid",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": True,
"notes": "BoJ completed Phase 2 proof-of-concept. Pilot with private sector planned.",
},
"BR": {
"country": "Brazil",
"currency": "Drex (Digital Real)",
"status": "pilot",
"phase": "Advanced Pilot",
"launch_year": 2025,
"technology": "Hyperledger Besu",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "Drex platform pilot with 16 consortiums. Focus on tokenized assets.",
},
"NG": {
"country": "Nigeria",
"currency": "eNaira",
"status": "launched",
"phase": "Live",
"launch_year": 2021,
"technology": "Hyperledger Fabric",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "First African CBDC. Low adoption despite government push.",
},
"BS": {
"country": "Bahamas",
"currency": "Sand Dollar",
"status": "launched",
"phase": "Live",
"launch_year": 2020,
"technology": "centralized",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "First national CBDC globally. Limited scale due to small population.",
},
"JM": {
"country": "Jamaica",
"currency": "JAM-DEX",
"status": "launched",
"phase": "Live",
"launch_year": 2022,
"technology": "centralized",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": False,
"notes": "National rollout June 2022. Growing merchant adoption.",
},
"SE": {
"country": "Sweden",
"currency": "e-Krona",
"status": "development",
"phase": "Investigation Phase",
"launch_year": None,
"technology": "R3 Corda",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": False,
"cross_border": True,
"notes": "Riksbank e-krona pilot completed. Legislation under review.",
},
"RU": {
"country": "Russia",
"currency": "Digital Ruble",
"status": "pilot",
"phase": "Limited Pilot",
"launch_year": 2025,
"technology": "centralized platform",
"retail": True,
"wholesale": True,
"cross_border": True,
"notes": "CBR pilot with 13 banks. Focus on sanctions-resistant cross-border payments.",
},
}
def get_cbdc_status(country_code: str | None = None) -> dict[str, Any] | list[dict]:
"""Get CBDC development status for a specific country or all tracked countries."""
if country_code:
code = country_code.upper()
entry = CBDC_DATABASE.get(code)
if entry:
return {**entry, "country_code": code, "timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat()}
return {"error": f"Country {code} not tracked", "tracked_countries": list(CBDC_DATABASE.keys())}
return [
{**v, "country_code": k}
for k, v in sorted(CBDC_DATABASE.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].get("status", ""))
]
def get_cbdc_summary() -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Get a global summary of CBDC development stages."""
status_counts = {}
for entry in CBDC_DATABASE.values():
s = entry["status"]
status_counts[s] = status_counts.get(s, 0) + 1
launched = [k for k, v in CBDC_DATABASE.items() if v["status"] == "launched"]
pilots = [k for k, v in CBDC_DATABASE.items() if v["status"] == "pilot"]
developing = [k for k, v in CBDC_DATABASE.items() if v["status"] == "development"]
researching = [k for k, v in CBDC_DATABASE.items() if v["status"] == "research"]
return {
"total_tracked": len(CBDC_DATABASE),
"status_breakdown": status_counts,
"launched": launched,
"pilot": pilots,
"development": developing,
"research": researching,
"retail_cbdc_count": sum(1 for v in CBDC_DATABASE.values() if v.get("retail")),
"wholesale_cbdc_count": sum(1 for v in CBDC_DATABASE.values() if v.get("wholesale")),
"cross_border_count": sum(1 for v in CBDC_DATABASE.values() if v.get("cross_border")),
"note": "134+ countries exploring CBDCs per Atlantic Council tracker",
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
}
def get_cbdc_timeline() -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
"""Get projected CBDC launch timeline for countries with estimated dates."""
timeline = []
for code, entry in CBDC_DATABASE.items():
if entry.get("launch_year"):
timeline.append({
"country_code": code,
"country": entry["country"],
"currency": entry["currency"],
"expected_launch": entry["launch_year"],
"current_status": entry["status"],
})
timeline.sort(key=lambda x: x["expected_launch"])
return timeline
def assess_cbdc_impact_on_crypto() -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Assess potential impact of CBDC adoption on cryptocurrency markets."""
launched_count = sum(1 for v in CBDC_DATABASE.values() if v["status"] == "launched")
pilot_count = sum(1 for v in CBDC_DATABASE.values() if v["status"] == "pilot")
return {
"adoption_momentum": "accelerating" if pilot_count > 3 else "moderate",
"key_risks_to_crypto": [
"Retail CBDCs may reduce stablecoin demand for payments",
"Cross-border CBDCs could challenge SWIFT alternatives (XRP, XLM)",
"Government digital wallets may reduce crypto wallet adoption",
"Programmable money features may compete with smart contract platforms",
],
"potential_crypto_beneficiaries": [
"Privacy coins (if CBDCs enable surveillance)",
"DeFi protocols (permissionless alternative to CBDC rails)",
"Interoperability protocols (bridging CBDCs and crypto)",
],
"countries_with_live_cbdc": launched_count,
"countries_piloting": pilot_count,
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
}
