flow.py•11.1 kB
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from math import sin, acos, sqrt
# 曼寧係數範圍 (根據水土保持技術規範)
MANNING_RANGES = {
"平整混凝土面": (0.014, 0.016),
"未粉飾混凝土面": (0.017, 0.020),
"噴漿面": (0.020, 0.025),
"混凝土砌卵石側牆 (混凝土打底)": (0.025, 0.030),
"混凝土砌卵石側牆 (天然渠底)": (0.027, 0.030),
"乾砌卵石": (0.030, 0.035),
"乾砌塊石": (0.032, 0.035),
"水泥砂漿砌磚": (0.015, 0.018),
"平滑瀝青面": (0.014, 0.015),
"粗糙瀝青面": (0.017, 0.018),
"清潔土渠": (0.020, 0.025),
"短草土渠": (0.027, 0.033),
"密生水草高及水面土渠": (0.080, 0.120),
"密生灌木高及水面土渠": (0.100, 0.140),
"均勻岩面": (0.030, 0.040),
"不規則岩石面": (0.040, 0.050),
"內面光滑混凝土管": (0.013, 0.014),
"排水瓦管": (0.017, 0.018)
}
# 渠道材質流速限制 (單位：m/s)
CHANNEL_VELOCITY_LIMITS = {
"純細砂": (0.23, 0.30),
"不緻密之細砂": (0.30, 0.46),
"粗石及細砂土": (0.46, 0.61),
"平常砂土": (0.61, 0.76),
"砂質壤土": (0.76, 0.84),
"堅壤土及粘質壤土": (0.91, 1.14),
"平常礫土": (1.23, 1.52),
"全面密草生": (1.50, 2.50),
"粗礫、石礫及砂礫": (1.52, 1.83),
"礫岩、硬土層、軟質水成岩": (1.83, 2.44),
"硬岩": (3.05, 4.57),
"混凝土": (4.57, 6.10)
}
# 產生曼寧選項顯示字串與對應範圍的對照字典
manning_options = []
manning_display_to_range = {}
for name, (low, high) in MANNING_RANGES.items():
avg = (low + high) / 2
display = f"{name} ({low:.3f}~{high:.3f}, 平均{avg:.3f})"
manning_options.append(display)
manning_display_to_range[display] = (low, high)
# 產生渠道材質選項顯示字串與流速限制的對照字典
channel_options = []
channel_display_to_limits = {}
for name, (v_low, v_high) in CHANNEL_VELOCITY_LIMITS.items():
display = f"{name} ({v_low:.2f}~{v_high:.2f} m/s)"
channel_options.append(display)
channel_display_to_limits[display] = (v_low, v_high)
def update_inputs(event=None):
# 隱藏所有斷面相關輸入欄位
diameter_label.grid_remove()
diameter_entry.grid_remove()
rect_width_label.grid_remove()
rect_width_entry.grid_remove()
rect_height_label.grid_remove()
rect_height_entry.grid_remove()
trap_bottom_label.grid_remove()
trap_bottom_entry.grid_remove()
trap_top_label.grid_remove()
trap_top_entry.grid_remove()
trap_height_label.grid_remove()
trap_height_entry.grid_remove()
cs = cross_section_combobox.get()
if cs == "圓形 (RCP 管)":
diameter_label.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
diameter_entry.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
elif cs == "矩形溝":
rect_width_label.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
rect_width_entry.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
rect_height_label.grid(row=6, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
rect_height_entry.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
elif cs == "梯形溝":
trap_bottom_label.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
trap_bottom_entry.grid(row=5, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
trap_top_label.grid(row=6, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
trap_top_entry.grid(row=6, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
trap_height_label.grid(row=7, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
trap_height_entry.grid(row=7, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
def update_manning_value(event=None):
""" 當曼寧係數下拉選單改變時，自動更新右側的輸入欄位預設值為該選項的平均值 """
selection = manning_combobox.get()
if selection in manning_display_to_range:
low, high = manning_display_to_range[selection]
avg = (low + high) / 2
manning_entry.delete(0, tk.END)
manning_entry.insert(0, f"{avg:.3f}")
def compute_rect_flow_depth(Q, n, S, b, h):
epsilon = 1e-6
y_low, y_high = 0.0001, h - epsilon
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
for _ in range(100):
area = b * y
perimeter = b + 2 * y
R = area / perimeter
V = (1 / n) * (R ** (2 / 3)) * (S ** 0.5)
Q_cal = area * V
if abs(Q_cal - Q) < 1e-7:
break
if Q_cal < Q:
y_low = y
else:
y_high = y
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
return V, y
def compute_trap_flow_depth(Q, n, S, b1, b2, h):
epsilon = 1e-6
y_low, y_high = 0.0001, h - epsilon
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
for _ in range(100):
area = (b1 + b2) * y / 2
side = sqrt(y**2 + ((b2 - b1) / 2) ** 2)
perimeter = b2 + 2 * side
R = area / perimeter
V = (1 / n) * (R ** (2 / 3)) * (S ** 0.5)
Q_cal = area * V
if abs(Q_cal - Q) < 1e-7:
break
if Q_cal < Q:
y_low = y
else:
y_high = y
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
return V, y
def compute_circular_flow_depth(D, Q, n, S):
epsilon = 1e-6
y_low, y_high = 0.0001, D - epsilon
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
for _ in range(100):
theta = 2 * acos(1 - 2 * y / D)
A = (D ** 2 / 8) * (theta - sin(theta))
P = (D / 2) * theta
R = A / P
V = (1 / n) * (R ** (2 / 3)) * (S ** 0.5)
Q_cal = A * V
if abs(Q_cal - Q) < 1e-7:
break
if Q_cal < Q:
y_low = y
else:
y_high = y
y = (y_low + y_high) / 2
return V, y
def calculate():
try:
Q = float(flow_entry.get()) # 流量 (cms)
slope_percent = float(slope_entry.get())
S = slope_percent / 100 # 坡度 S = 百分比/100
# 取得曼寧係數，由使用者可修改的文字框取得
n = float(manning_entry.get())
cs = cross_section_combobox.get()
if cs == "圓形 (RCP 管)":
D = float(diameter_entry.get()) / 100 # 單位轉換成公尺
V, y = compute_circular_flow_depth(D, Q, n, S)
elif cs == "矩形溝":
b = float(rect_width_entry.get()) / 100
h = float(rect_height_entry.get()) / 100
V, y = compute_rect_flow_depth(Q, n, S, b, h)
elif cs == "梯形溝":
b1 = float(trap_bottom_entry.get()) / 100
b2 = float(trap_top_entry.get()) / 100
h = float(trap_height_entry.get()) / 100
V, y = compute_trap_flow_depth(Q, n, S, b1, b2, h)
else:
result_label.config(text="請選擇有效的排水斷面類型")
return
# 根據所選渠道材質取得安全流速範圍
material_disp = material_combobox.get()
if material_disp in channel_display_to_limits:
min_safe, max_safe = channel_display_to_limits[material_disp]
if V < min_safe:
check_msg = f"【檢核警告】計算流速 {V:.3f} m/s 低於安全下限 {min_safe:.2f} m/s，可能導致泥砂淤積。"
elif V > max_safe:
check_msg = f"【檢核警告】計算流速 {V:.3f} m/s 超過安全上限 {max_safe:.2f} m/s，請考慮設置消能設施。"
else:
check_msg = "計算結果符合安全流速規範。"
else:
check_msg = "無法取得該材質對應的流速限制。"
# 改用相對誤差檢查滿流狀態
full_flow_warning = ""
rel_tol = 1e-3 # 當差值比例小於 0.1% 時，認定為滿流
if cs == "圓形 (RCP 管)":
if (D - y) / D < rel_tol:
full_flow_warning = "【檢核警告】計算流深已接近管徑，可能表示管道已滿流。"
elif cs in ["矩形溝", "梯形溝"]:
if (h - y) / h < rel_tol:
full_flow_warning = "【檢核警告】計算流深已接近通道設計高度，可能表示通道已滿流。"
final_message = f"流速: {V:.3f} m/s\n流深: {y:.3f} m\n{check_msg}"
if full_flow_warning:
final_message += "\n" + full_flow_warning
result_label.config(text=final_message)
except ValueError:
result_label.config(text="請輸入有效的數字")
# GUI 建立
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("排水斷面計算")
# 排水斷面類型下拉選單
ttk.Label(window, text="排水斷面類型:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
cross_section_combobox = ttk.Combobox(window, values=["圓形 (RCP 管)", "矩形溝", "梯形溝"], state="readonly")
cross_section_combobox.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
cross_section_combobox.current(0)
cross_section_combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", update_inputs)
# 流量與坡度輸入
ttk.Label(window, text="流量 Q (cms):").grid(row=1, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
flow_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
flow_entry.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
ttk.Label(window, text="坡度 (%):").grid(row=2, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
slope_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
slope_entry.grid(row=2, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
# 曼寧係數下拉選單與可修改的數值輸入
ttk.Label(window, text="曼寧係數範圍:").grid(row=3, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
manning_combobox = ttk.Combobox(window, values=manning_options, state="readonly")
manning_combobox.grid(row=3, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
manning_combobox.current(0)
manning_combobox.bind("<<ComboboxSelected>>", update_manning_value)
ttk.Label(window, text="使用曼寧係數 (可修改):").grid(row=3, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)
manning_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
# 預設填入第一個選項的平均值
default_low, default_high = manning_display_to_range[manning_options[0]]
default_avg = (default_low + default_high) / 2
manning_entry.insert(0, f"{default_avg:.3f}")
manning_entry.grid(row=3, column=3, padx=5, pady=5)
# 新增：渠道材質 (流速限制) 下拉選單，預設設為混凝土
ttk.Label(window, text="渠道材質 (流速限制):").grid(row=4, column=0, padx=5, pady=5)
material_combobox = ttk.Combobox(window, values=channel_options, state="readonly")
material_combobox.grid(row=4, column=1, padx=5, pady=5)
# 設定預設值為混凝土
for i, option in enumerate(channel_options):
if option.startswith("混凝土"):
material_combobox.current(i)
break
# 斷面輸入欄位
diameter_label = ttk.Label(window, text="管徑 (cm):")
diameter_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
rect_width_label = ttk.Label(window, text="底寬 (cm):")
rect_width_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
rect_height_label = ttk.Label(window, text="高度 (cm):")
rect_height_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
trap_bottom_label = ttk.Label(window, text="底寬 (cm):")
trap_bottom_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
trap_top_label = ttk.Label(window, text="頂寬 (cm):")
trap_top_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
trap_height_label = ttk.Label(window, text="高度 (cm):")
trap_height_entry = ttk.Entry(window)
update_inputs()
ttk.Button(window, text="計算", command=calculate).grid(row=8, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)
result_label = ttk.Label(window, text="")
result_label.grid(row=9, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=5)
window.mainloop()