As an implementation of [HIP 419](https://hips.hedera.com/hip/hip-482), the Hedera JSON RPC Relay provides some [Ethereum JSON-RPC APIs](https://ethereum.github.io/execution-apis/api-documentation/) which implement the [JSON-RPC 2.0 Specification](https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification) to support Ethereum tools interacting with Hedera nodes e.g. wallets, developer tools.
## Requests
Requests to the Relay will take the form of HTTP calls to an endpoints method.
A curl example to the `eth_chainId` takes the form
Request
```shell
curl ${RELAY_ENDPOINT_URL} -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"2","method":"eth_chainId","params":[null]}'
```
Where
- RELAY_ENDPOINT_URL - HTTP url endpoint, default `http://localhost:7546`
## Result Schema
Result responses can take the form of success or error.
Success Response
```json
{
"id": 1,
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"result": "0x4b7"
}
```
Error Response
```json
{
"id": 2,
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"error": {
"code": -32602,
"message": "Invalid params"
}
}
```
The values can range from regular data types (String, int, array) to defined Ethereum objects such as:
- [Block](https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/Reference/API-Objects/#block-object)
- [Log](https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/Reference/API-Objects/#log-object)
- [Transaction](https://besu.hyperledger.org/en/stable/Reference/API-Objects/#transaction-object)
## Endpoints
The JSON RPC Relay methods implements a subset of the standard method:
- [Gossip Methods](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#gossip-methods)
- [State Methods](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#state_methods)
- [History Methods](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#history_methods)
### Endpoint Tables
Below are comprehensive tables of all Ethereum JSON-RPC methods and additional non-standard methods.
#### Ethereum JSON-RPC Standard Methods
Below is a comprehensive table of all Ethereum JSON-RPC methods from the [Ethereum JSON-RPC API specification](https://ethereum.github.io/execution-apis/docs/reference/json-rpc-api) and [Ethereum JSON-RPC 2.0 specification](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/).
| Method | Implementation Status | Hedera Nodes | Hedera Specifics |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [eth_accounts](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_accounts) | **Implemented** - Returns `[]` | N/A | Always returns empty array per Infura behavior |
| [eth_blobBaseFee](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_blobBaseFee) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | EIP-4844 blob transactions not supported |
| [eth_blockNumber](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_blocknumber) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_call](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_call) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_chainId](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_chainid) | **Implemented** | N/A | Returns configured chain ID from environment |
| [eth_coinbase](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_coinbase) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Fixed zero address as Hedera has no traditional coinbase |
| [eth_createAccessList](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_createaccesslist) | **Not Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not found) | N/A | |
| [eth_estimateGas](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_estimategas) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Uses mirror node gas estimation |
| [eth_feeHistory](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_feehistory) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Returns Hedera gas prices and utilization data |
| [eth_gasPrice](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gasprice) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Returns current Hedera gas price in tinybars converted to wei |
| [eth_getBalance](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getbalance) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Returns HBAR balance converted to wei |
| [eth_getBlockByHash](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblockbyhash) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getBlockByNumber](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblocknumber) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getBlockReceipts](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblockreceipts) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblocktransactioncountbyhash) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblocktransactioncountbynumber) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getCode](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getcode) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getFilterChanges](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getfilterchanges) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [eth_getFilterLogs](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getfilterlogs) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [eth_getLogs](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getlogs) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Subject to Mirror Node query limits |
| [eth_getProof](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getproof) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Merkle proofs not supported |
| [eth_createAccessList](https://ethereum.github.io/execution-apis/docs/reference/eth_createaccesslist) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Generates an access list for a transaction |
| [eth_getStorageAt](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getstorageat) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyblockhashandindex) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyblocknumberandindex) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getTransactionByHash](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyhash) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getTransactionCount](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactioncount) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Returns account nonce |
| [eth_getTransactionReceipt](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionreceipt) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | |
| [eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getunclebyblockhashandindex) | **Implemented** - Returns `null` | N/A | No uncle blocks in Hedera |
| [eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getunclebyblocknumberandindex) | **Implemented** - Returns `null` | N/A | No uncle blocks in Hedera |
| [eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getunclecountbyblockhash) | **Implemented** - Returns `0x0` | N/A | No uncle blocks in Hedera |
| [eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getunclecountbyblocknumber) | **Implemented** - Returns `0x0` | N/A | No uncle blocks in Hedera |
| [eth_getWork](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getwork) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Mining not applicable to Hedera |
| [eth_hashrate](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_hashrate) | **Implemented** - Returns `0x0` | N/A | Mining not applicable to Hedera |
| [eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_maxpriorityfeepergas) | **Implemented** - Returns `0x0` | N/A | Returns same value as gasPrice since Hedera doesn't have priority fees |
| [eth_mining](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_mining) | **Implemented** - Returns `false` | N/A | Mining not applicable to Hedera |
| [eth_newBlockFilter](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_newblockfilter) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [eth_newFilter](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_newfilter) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [eth_newPendingTransactionFilter](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_newpendingtransactionfilter) | **Implemented** | Mirror Node | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [eth_protocolVersion](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_protocolversion) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Not supported on Hedera |
| [eth_sendRawTransaction](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_sendrawtransaction) | **Implemented** | Consensus Node, Mirror Node | Submits to Consensus Node, polls Mirror Node for confirmation |
| [eth_sendTransaction](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_sendtransaction) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Account management not supported |
| [eth_sign](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_sign) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Account management not supported |
| [eth_signTransaction](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_signtransaction) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Account management not supported |
| [eth_signTypedData](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_signtypeddata) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not found) | N/A | Account management not supported |
| [eth_simulateV1](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_simulatev1) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [eth_submitHashrate](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_submithashrate) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Mining not applicable to Hedera |
| [eth_submitWork](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_submitwork) | **Implemented** - Returns `false` | N/A | Mining not applicable to Hedera |
| [eth_syncing](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_syncing) | **Implemented** - Returns `false` | N/A | Hedera network is always synced |
| [eth_uninstallFilter](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_uninstallfilter) | **Implemented** | N/A | Filter state stored in configurable cache (LRU or Redis) |
| [net_listening](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#net_listening) | **Implemented** - Returns `true` | N/A | Relay always returns true for this |
| [net_peerCount](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#net_peercount) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) | N/A | Relay doesn't maintain peer connections |
| [net_version](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#net_version) | **Implemented** | N/A | Returns configured chain ID as string |
| [web3_clientVersion](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#web3_clientversion) | **Implemented** | N/A | Returns relay version information |
| [web3_sha3](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#web3_sha3) | **Implemented** | N/A | Computes Keccak-256 hash locally |
#### Non-Standard / Extended Methods
These methods are extensions provided by various Ethereum clients but are not part of the core Ethereum JSON-RPC specification.
| Method | Implementation Status | Hedera Nodes | Hedera Specifics |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| [admin_config](https://github.com/hiero-ledger/hiero-json-rpc-relay/tree/main#admin-api) | **Implemented** | N/A | Returns relay and upstream dependency configuration |
| [debug_getBadBlocks](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debuggetbadblocks) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_getRawBlock](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debuggetrawblock) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_getRawHeader](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debuggetrawheader) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_getRawReceipts](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debuggetrawreceipts) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_getRawTransaction](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debuggetrawtransaction) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_traceBlockByHash](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debugtraceblockbyhash) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [debug_traceBlockByNumber](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debugtraceblockbynumber) | **Implemented** - Requires `DEBUG_API_ENABLED=true` | Mirror Node | Supports CallTracer and PrestateTracer, caches results |
| [debug_traceTransaction](https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/interacting-with-geth/rpc/ns-debug#debugtracetransaction) | **Implemented** - Requires `DEBUG_API_ENABLED=true` | Mirror Node | Supports CallTracer and OpcodeLogger tracers |
| [engine\_\*](https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/openrpc/methods/capabilities.yaml) | **Implemented** - Returns `-32601` (Method not supported) for all engine methods | N/A | Engine API not applicable to Hedera |
| [trace_block](https://openethereum.github.io/JSONRPC-trace-module#trace_block) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [trace_blockByNumber](https://openethereum.github.io/JSONRPC-trace-module#trace_blockbynumber) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
| [trace_transaction](https://openethereum.github.io/JSONRPC-trace-module#trace_transaction) | **Not Implemented** | N/A | |
### Live events API
Details for the Real-Time Events API can be found [here](./live-events-api.md)
### Open RPC Spec
The detailed schema specifications of the current methods offerred by the JSON RPC relay is captured in our
[Open RPC Specification](https://playground.open-rpc.org/?schemaUrl=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hiero-ledger/hiero-json-rpc-relay/main/docs/openrpc.json&uiSchema%5BappBar%5D%5Bui:splitView%5D=false&uiSchema%5BappBar%5D%5Bui:input%5D=false&uiSchema%5BappBar%5D%5Bui:examplesDropdown%5D=false)
