Zotero Chunk RAG

Overall, the methodological quality was moderate (Additional file 1). Specifically, five out of 22 included studies reported enrollment of consecutive patients, and objective to explore the effects of potential covariates on the diagnostic performance of PPV was not performed. Four outliers were identified by means of a Galbraith Order Authors Year Sample size Setting Admission Diagnosis 1 Michard and colleagues [23] 2000 40 ICU Medical Sepsis/septic shock 2 Kramer and colleagues [24] 2004 21 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 3 Feissel and colleagues [25] 2005 20a ICU Medical Sepsis/septic shock 4 Charron and colleagues [26] 2006 21 ICU NA NA 5 Monnet and colleagues [27] 2006 30 MICU Medical Shock 6 Feissel and colleagues [28] 2007 23b MICU Medical Sepsis/septic shock 7 Wyffels and colleagues [29] 2007 32 ICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 8 Auler and colleagues [30] 2008 59 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 9 Monge Garcia and colleagues [31] 2009 38 ICU NA Shock 10 Vistisen and colleagues [32] 2009 23 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 11 Loupec and colleagues [33] 2011 40 SICU Surgical and medical Surgery and septic shock 12 Biais and colleagues [34] 2012 35 SICU Surgical and medical Vascular surgery, trauma, septic shock 13 Cecconi and colleagues [35] 2012 31 ICU Surgical High-risk surgery 14 Fellahi and colleagues [36] 2012 25 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 15 Khwannimit and colleagues [37] 2012 42 MICU Medical Sepsis/septic shock 16 Monnet and colleagues [38] 2012 26 MICU Medical Shock 17 Monnet and colleagues [39] 2012 39 MICU Medical Shock 18 Yazigi and colleagues [40] 2012 60 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 19 Fischer and colleagues [41] 2013 37 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 20 Fischer and colleagues [42] 2013 80 SICU Surgical Cardiac surgery 21 Ishihara and colleagues [43] 2013 43 ICU Surgical Noncardiac surgery 22 Monnet and colleagues [44] 2013 35 MICU Medical Shock MICU, medical intensive care unit; NA, not available; SICU, surgical intensive care unit. aTwenty-two fluid challenges included. bTwenty-eight fluid challenges included.