C++ Style Guide MCP Server

{ "cpp11": { "title": "C++11 主要特性", "features": [ { "name": "auto 类型推导", "description": "编译器自动推导变量类型", "example": "auto x = 42; // int\nauto name = std::string(\"hello\");" }, { "name": "nullptr", "description": "类型安全的空指针常量", "example": "int* ptr = nullptr;" }, { "name": "范围 for 循环", "description": "简化容器遍历", "example": "for (auto& item : vec) {\n // 处理 item\n}" }, { "name": "lambda 表达式", "description": "匿名函数", "example": "auto sum = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };" }, { "name": "智能指针", "description": "std::unique_ptr, std::shared_ptr, std::weak_ptr", "example": "auto ptr = std::make_unique<Widget>();" }, { "name": "右值引用和移动语义", "description": "std::move, 移动构造函数", "example": "std::vector<int> v2 = std::move(v1);" }, { "name": "统一初始化", "description": "大括号初始化", "example": "std::vector<int> vec{1, 2, 3};\nWidget w{arg1, arg2};" }, { "name": "constexpr", "description": "编译期常量表达式", "example": "constexpr int square(int x) { return x * x; }" }, { "name": "override 和 final", "description": "虚函数重写标记", "example": "void draw() override final;" }, { "name": "static_assert", "description": "编译期断言", "example": "static_assert(sizeof(int) == 4, \"int must be 4 bytes\");" } ] }, "cpp14": { "title": "C++14 主要特性", "features": [ { "name": "泛型 lambda", "description": "lambda 参数使用 auto", "example": "auto add = [](auto a, auto b) { return a + b; };" }, { "name": "返回值类型推导", "description": "函数返回类型使用 auto", "example": "auto add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }" }, { "name": "std::make_unique", "description": "创建 unique_ptr 的工厂函数", "example": "auto ptr = std::make_unique<Widget>(arg);" }, { "name": "二进制字面量", "description": "0b 前缀表示二进制", "example": "int mask = 0b1010'1010; // 数字分隔符" }, { "name": "变量模板", "description": "模板变量定义", "example": "template<typename T>\nconstexpr T pi = T(3.1415926535897932385);" } ] }, "cpp17": { "title": "C++17 主要特性", "features": [ { "name": "结构化绑定", "description": "同时声明多个变量", "example": "auto [key, value] = map.insert({1, \"one\"});\nauto [x, y, z] = std::make_tuple(1, 2.0, \"3\");" }, { "name": "if/switch 初始化语句", "description": "在条件语句中初始化变量", "example": "if (auto it = map.find(key); it != map.end()) {\n return it->second;\n}" }, { "name": "constexpr if", "description": "编译期条件判断", "example": "if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<T>) { ... }" }, { "name": "std::optional", "description": "表示可能不存在的值", "example": "std::optional<int> find(int key);\nif (auto val = find(42)) { use(*val); }" }, { "name": "std::variant", "description": "类型安全的 union", "example": "std::variant<int, double, std::string> v = 42;" }, { "name": "std::string_view", "description": "轻量级字符串引用", "example": "void process(std::string_view str);" }, { "name": "折叠表达式", "description": "简化可变参数模板", "example": "template<typename... Args>\nauto sum(Args... args) { return (args + ...); }" }, { "name": "类模板参数推导", "description": "自动推导模板参数", "example": "std::pair p{1, 2.0}; // 推导为 pair<int, double>" } ] }, "cpp20": { "title": "C++20 主要特性", "features": [ { "name": "Concepts（概念）", "description": "约束模板参数", "example": "template<std::integral T>\nT add(T a, T b) { return a + b; }" }, { "name": "Ranges（区间）", "description": "函数式编程风格的容器操作", "example": "auto result = vec | std::views::filter(pred)\n | std::views::transform(func);" }, { "name": "Coroutines（协程）", "description": "co_await, co_yield, co_return", "example": "generator<int> fibonacci() {\n int a = 0, b = 1;\n while (true) {\n co_yield a;\n auto tmp = a;\n a = b;\n b += tmp;\n }\n}" }, { "name": "Modules（模块）", "description": "替代头文件的新机制", "example": "import std.core;\nexport module mymodule;" }, { "name": "三路比较运算符（<=>）", "description": "自动生成比较运算符", "example": "auto operator<=>(const Point&) const = default;" }, { "name": "指定初始化器", "description": "按名称初始化成员", "example": "Point p{.x = 1, .y = 2};" }, { "name": "consteval 和 constinit", "description": "编译期求值增强", "example": "consteval int square(int n) { return n * n; }" }, { "name": "std::span", "description": "连续序列的视图", "example": "void process(std::span<int> data);" }, { "name": "std::format", "description": "类型安全的格式化", "example": "auto s = std::format(\"Hello, {}!\", name);" } ] }, "cpp23": { "title": "C++23 主要特性", "features": [ { "name": "std::expected", "description": "错误处理的替代方案", "example": "std::expected<int, Error> divide(int a, int b);" }, { "name": "std::print", "description": "简化的打印函数", "example": "std::print(\"Hello, {}!\\n\", name);" }, { "name": "if consteval", "description": "检测常量求值上下文", "example": "if consteval { /* 编译期 */ } else { /* 运行期 */ }" }, { "name": "多维下标运算符", "description": "支持多个下标参数", "example": "matrix[i, j] = value; // 代替 matrix[i][j]" }, { "name": "推导 this", "description": "简化成员函数模板", "example": "struct S {\n template<typename Self>\n auto&& value(this Self&& self) { return self.val_; }\n};" }, { "name": "std::mdspan", "description": "多维数组视图", "example": "std::mdspan<int, std::extents<int, 3, 4>> matrix(data);" } ] } }