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// modules.rs - Demonstrates Rust module system and organization // Nested modules pub mod geometry { pub mod shapes { pub struct Circle { pub radius: f64, } pub struct Rectangle { pub width: f64, pub height: f64, } impl Circle { pub fn new(radius: f64) -> Self { Self { radius } } pub fn area(&self) -> f64 { std::f64::consts::PI * self.radius * self.radius } } impl Rectangle { pub fn new(width: f64, height: f64) -> Self { Self { width, height } } pub fn area(&self) -> f64 { self.width * self.height } } } pub mod calculations { use super::shapes::{Circle, Rectangle}; pub fn total_area(circle: &Circle, rectangle: &Rectangle) -> f64 { circle.area() + rectangle.area() } } } // Module with private items pub mod data { pub struct PublicStruct { pub public_field: i32, private_field: i32, } impl PublicStruct { pub fn new(public_field: i32, private_field: i32) -> Self { Self { public_field, private_field, } } pub fn get_private(&self) -> i32 { self.private_field } } pub fn public_function() -> i32 { private_function() + 10 } fn private_function() -> i32 { 42 } } // Re-exports pub mod utils { pub use super::geometry::shapes::Circle; pub use super::geometry::shapes::Rectangle; pub fn create_default_circle() -> Circle { Circle::new(1.0) } } // Module with use statements pub mod operations { use std::collections::HashMap; pub fn create_map() -> HashMap<String, i32> { let mut map = HashMap::new(); map.insert("one".to_string(), 1); map.insert("two".to_string(), 2); map } } // Glob imports (use with caution) pub mod prelude { pub use super::geometry::shapes::*; pub use super::data::*; } #[cfg(test)] mod tests { use super::*; #[test] fn test_circle_area() { let circle = geometry::shapes::Circle::new(5.0); let area = circle.area(); assert!((area - 78.54).abs() < 0.01); } #[test] fn test_public_struct() { let s = data::PublicStruct::new(10, 20); assert_eq!(s.public_field, 10); assert_eq!(s.get_private(), 20); } }