Claude Code MCP - Agent Orchestration Platform

# Security Framework Documentation and Threat Model ## Overview The Agent Orchestration Platform implements a comprehensive, multi-layered security framework designed to provide maximum isolation between agents while maintaining secure state persistence and comprehensive audit capabilities. This document outlines the security architecture, threat model, and validation procedures. ## Security Architecture ### Multi-Layer Defense Strategy ``` ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Application Layer │ │ • Input Validation & Sanitization │ │ • Security Contract Enforcement │ │ • Agent Process Isolation │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Cryptographic Layer │ │ • AES-GCM State Encryption │ │ • ECDSA Audit Signatures │ │ • Key Management & Rotation │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Filesystem Layer │ │ • Directory Boundary Enforcement │ │ • Path Traversal Prevention │ │ • Resource Limit Monitoring │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ System Layer │ │ • Process Sandboxing │ │ • Memory Protection │ │ • Network Isolation │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` ### Core Security Components #### 1. Cryptographic Security (`src/boundaries/crypto.py`) **Key Management** - **Algorithm**: AES-256-GCM for encryption, ECDSA P-256 for signatures - **Key Rotation**: Automatic rotation based on time and usage thresholds - **Storage**: Encrypted key storage with secure file permissions (0o600) - **Lifecycle**: Complete key lifecycle management with secure deletion **State Encryption** - **Algorithm**: AES-GCM with 128-bit authentication tags - **Nonce Management**: Cryptographically secure nonce generation, never reused - **Additional Data**: Optional authenticated additional data for context binding - **Performance**: O(n) encryption/decryption, O(1) key operations **Audit Signing** - **Algorithm**: ECDSA P-256 with SHA-256 hashing - **Tamper Detection**: Cryptographic signatures prevent audit log modification - **Verification**: Fast signature verification for audit trail integrity - **Non-repudiation**: Digital signatures provide non-repudiation guarantees #### 2. Filesystem Security (`src/validators/filesystem.py`) **Boundary Enforcement** - **Directory Jailing**: Strict containment within session root directories - **Path Validation**: Comprehensive path normalization and traversal prevention - **Access Control**: Fine-grained permission checking at filesystem level - **Resource Monitoring**: Real-time tracking of disk usage and file counts **Security Policies** - **Whitelist Approach**: Default deny with explicit allow patterns - **Blocked Patterns**: Comprehensive blocking of dangerous file patterns - **Resource Limits**: Configurable limits on file size, count, and total usage - **Audit Trail**: Complete audit log of all filesystem access attempts #### 3. Input Validation (`src/validators/input.py`) **Multi-Layer Validation** - **Syntax Validation**: Pattern matching for expected input formats - **Content Filtering**: Detection and removal of malicious patterns - **Encoding Validation**: Unicode normalization and encoding verification - **Length Constraints**: Configurable length limits for all input types **Attack Prevention** - **SQL Injection**: Detection of SQL injection patterns and keywords - **XSS Prevention**: HTML escaping and script tag detection - **Command Injection**: Detection of shell metacharacters and command patterns - **Path Traversal**: Prevention of directory traversal attempts #### 4. Security Contracts (`src/contracts/security.py`) **Design by Contract** - **Preconditions**: Validation of inputs and system state before operations - **Postconditions**: Verification of outputs and side effects after operations - **Invariants**: Continuous validation of system consistency constraints - **Violation Handling**: Structured handling of contract violations with audit **Contract Types** - **Agent Operations**: Security contracts for agent lifecycle management - **Session Management**: Contracts for session creation and management - **Message Transmission**: Secure message passing between agents - **Filesystem Access**: Contracts for file and directory operations ## Threat Model ### Threat Categories #### 1. External Threats **Malicious Input Injection** - **Threat**: Injection of malicious code through user inputs - **Mitigation**: Multi-layer input validation with whitelist approach - **Detection**: Pattern matching for known attack signatures - **Response**: Input sanitization or rejection with audit logging **Network-Based Attacks** - **Threat**: Network-based attacks on MCP protocol - **Mitigation**: MCP protocol encryption and authentication - **Detection**: Request validation and rate limiting - **Response**: Connection termination and IP blocking **Denial of Service** - **Threat**: Resource exhaustion attacks - **Mitigation**: Resource limits and monitoring - **Detection**: Resource usage pattern analysis - **Response**: Request throttling and resource reclamation #### 2. Internal Threats **Agent Escape** - **Threat**: Agent attempting to escape containment - **Mitigation**: Process isolation and filesystem boundaries - **Detection**: Boundary violation monitoring - **Response**: Agent termination and security alert **Privilege Escalation** - **Threat**: Agent attempting to gain elevated privileges - **Mitigation**: Principle of least privilege and security contracts - **Detection**: Permission violation monitoring - **Response**: Operation denial and audit logging **Data Exfiltration** - **Threat**: Unauthorized access to sensitive data - **Mitigation**: Encryption at rest and access controls - **Detection**: Audit trail analysis - **Response**: Access revocation and forensic investigation #### 3. Systemic Threats **Key Compromise** - **Threat**: Compromise of cryptographic keys - **Mitigation**: Key rotation and secure storage - **Detection**: Unusual key usage patterns - **Response**: Immediate key rotation and re-encryption **Audit Log Tampering** - **Threat**: Modification of audit logs - **Mitigation**: Cryptographic signatures on audit entries - **Detection**: Signature verification failure - **Response**: Security alert and forensic investigation **System State Corruption** - **Threat**: Corruption of system state or configuration - **Mitigation**: State encryption and integrity checking - **Detection**: Contract violation monitoring - **Response**: State restoration from backup ### Attack Scenarios and Mitigations #### Scenario 1: Malicious Agent Creation **Attack**: User attempts to create agent with malicious name containing injection patterns ``` Input: "Agent_1'; DROP TABLE agents; --" ``` **Mitigation Chain**: 1. Input validation rejects SQL injection patterns 2. Agent name validation enforces "Agent_#" format 3. Contract preconditions verify valid agent name 4. Operation is rejected and audited #### Scenario 2: Path Traversal Attack **Attack**: Agent attempts to access files outside session boundary ``` Input: "../../../etc/passwd" ``` **Mitigation Chain**: 1. Path validation detects traversal patterns 2. Filesystem boundary enforcement blocks access 3. Security contract violation is logged 4. Agent operation is terminated #### Scenario 3: Encrypted State Tampering **Attack**: Attacker modifies encrypted agent state on disk **Mitigation Chain**: 1. AES-GCM authentication tag detects tampering 2. Decryption fails with authentication error 3. Agent state is marked as compromised 4. Agent is reset to known good state #### Scenario 4: Audit Log Manipulation **Attack**: Attacker attempts to modify audit log entries **Mitigation Chain**: 1. ECDSA signature verification detects tampering 2. Modified entries are identified and flagged 3. Security alert is generated 4. Forensic investigation is initiated ## Security Validation and Testing ### Property-Based Testing **Security Properties Verified**: - **Encryption Roundtrip**: Encryption followed by decryption returns original data - **Signature Verification**: Valid signatures always verify, invalid signatures never verify - **Boundary Enforcement**: No path can escape session boundaries - **Input Sanitization**: All malicious patterns are detected and handled safely **Test Coverage**: - **Cryptographic Operations**: 1000+ random test cases per property - **Filesystem Operations**: Comprehensive path traversal attempt testing - **Input Validation**: Fuzzing with known attack patterns - **Contract Verification**: All security contracts tested under edge conditions ### Penetration Testing **Attack Simulations**: - **SQL Injection**: Testing with OWASP Top 10 injection patterns - **XSS Attacks**: Script injection attempts in all input fields - **Command Injection**: Shell metacharacter and command insertion tests - **Path Traversal**: Directory traversal attempts with encoding variations **Security Boundary Testing**: - **Agent Isolation**: Verification that agents cannot access each other's data - **Session Separation**: Testing cross-session access prevention - **Resource Limits**: Verification of resource exhaustion protection - **Audit Integrity**: Testing audit log tamper resistance ### Continuous Security Monitoring **Real-Time Monitoring**: - **Contract Violations**: Immediate detection and response to security contract violations - **Resource Usage**: Continuous monitoring of resource consumption patterns - **Access Patterns**: Analysis of filesystem and network access patterns - **Anomaly Detection**: Statistical analysis of system behavior for anomalies **Audit Trail Analysis**: - **Signature Verification**: Continuous verification of audit log integrity - **Pattern Analysis**: Detection of suspicious activity patterns - **Correlation Analysis**: Cross-correlation of events for attack detection - **Forensic Capabilities**: Complete audit trail for incident investigation ## Security Configuration ### Default Security Settings ```python # Cryptographic Configuration DEFAULT_KEY_VALIDITY = 24 # hours DEFAULT_ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM = "AES-256-GCM" DEFAULT_SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "ECDSA-P256-SHA256" # Filesystem Security DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024 # 100MB DEFAULT_MAX_TOTAL_FILES = 10000 DEFAULT_MAX_DIRECTORY_DEPTH = 50 # Input Validation DEFAULT_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 100000 # 100KB DEFAULT_MAX_AGENT_NAME_LENGTH = 20 DEFAULT_MAX_SESSION_NAME_LENGTH = 255 # Security Levels MINIMUM_OPERATION_LEVEL = SecurityLevel.INTERNAL AGENT_OPERATION_LEVEL = SecurityLevel.CONFIDENTIAL SYSTEM_OPERATION_LEVEL = SecurityLevel.SECRET ``` ### Security Hardening Recommendations 1. **Key Management** - Use hardware security modules (HSMs) for key storage in production - Implement automated key rotation with shorter validity periods - Enable key escrow for disaster recovery scenarios 2. **Filesystem Security** - Implement mandatory access controls (MAC) where available - Use filesystem encryption for additional data protection - Configure regular security scans of session directories 3. **Network Security** - Deploy behind application firewall with MCP protocol inspection - Implement rate limiting and DDoS protection - Use TLS 1.3 for all network communications 4. **Monitoring and Alerting** - Configure real-time security alerts for contract violations - Implement automated incident response procedures - Enable integration with SIEM systems for correlation ## Compliance and Standards ### Security Standards Compliance - **NIST Cybersecurity Framework**: Aligned with Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover functions - **ISO 27001**: Information security management system compliance - **OWASP ASVS**: Application Security Verification Standard Level 2 compliance - **SOC 2 Type II**: Controls for security, availability, and confidentiality ### Cryptographic Standards - **FIPS 140-2**: Federal Information Processing Standard for cryptographic modules - **NIST SP 800-57**: Key management best practices - **RFC 8446**: TLS 1.3 for secure communications - **RFC 7539**: ChaCha20-Poly1305 alternative cipher support ## Security Maintenance ### Regular Security Activities 1. **Weekly** - Review security violation logs - Analyze resource usage patterns - Update threat intelligence feeds 2. **Monthly** - Perform penetration testing - Review and update security policies - Conduct security training for developers 3. **Quarterly** - Full security audit and assessment - Update threat model and risk assessment - Review and update incident response procedures 4. **Annually** - Complete security framework review - Update security architecture documentation - Conduct third-party security assessment ### Security Incident Response **Incident Classification**: - **Level 1**: Contract violations and input validation failures - **Level 2**: Boundary violations and access control failures - **Level 3**: Cryptographic failures and audit log tampering - **Level 4**: System compromise and data exfiltration **Response Procedures**: 1. **Detection**: Automated monitoring and alerting systems 2. **Analysis**: Incident analysis and severity classification 3. **Containment**: Immediate containment and system isolation 4. **Eradication**: Root cause elimination and security patching 5. **Recovery**: System restoration and service resumption 6. **Lessons Learned**: Post-incident analysis and improvement This security framework provides comprehensive protection for the Agent Orchestration Platform while maintaining the flexibility and performance required for sophisticated multi-agent coordination.