PostgreSQL MCP Server

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# PostgreSQL MCP Server Technical Documentation

## Architecture Overview

The PostgreSQL MCP Server is built on the Model Context Protocol (MCP) framework and provides database management capabilities through a set of specialized tools.

### Core Components

1. **MCP Server**
   - Handles protocol communication
   - Manages tool registration
   - Processes requests/responses
   - Implements error handling

2. **Database Interface**
   - Connection management
   - Query execution
   - Transaction handling
   - Result processing

3. **Analysis Engine**
   - Configuration analysis
   - Performance metrics
   - Security auditing
   - Recommendations generation

## Tool Specifications

### 1. analyze_database

#### Input Schema
```typescript
interface AnalyzeDatabaseInput {
  connectionString: string;
  analysisType?: "configuration" | "performance" | "security";
  options?: {
    timeout?: number;
    depth?: "basic" | "detailed" | "comprehensive";
    includeData?: boolean;
  };
}
```

#### Output Schema
```typescript
interface AnalysisResult {
  status: "success" | "error";
  timestamp: string;
  duration: number;
  analysis: {
    type: string;
    metrics: Record<string, any>;
    findings: Array<{
      category: string;
      level: "info" | "warning" | "critical";
      message: string;
      details: any;
    }>;
    recommendations: Array<{
      priority: "low" | "medium" | "high";
      description: string;
      implementation: string;
      impact: string;
    }>;
  };
  error?: {
    code: string;
    message: string;
    details: any;
  };
}
```

### 2. get_setup_instructions

#### Input Schema
```typescript
interface SetupInstructionsInput {
  platform: "linux" | "macos" | "windows";
  version?: string;
  useCase?: "development" | "production";
  options?: {
    includeExamples?: boolean;
    format?: "text" | "markdown" | "html";
    language?: string;
  };
}
```

#### Output Schema
```typescript
interface SetupInstructions {
  status: "success" | "error";
  instructions: {
    prerequisites: Array<{
      type: string;
      details: string;
      installCommand?: string;
    }>;
    steps: Array<{
      order: number;
      title: string;
      description: string;
      command?: string;
      validation?: string;
    }>;
    configuration: {
      files: Array<{
        path: string;
        content: string;
        description: string;
      }>;
      settings: Record<string, {
        value: string;
        description: string;
        impact: string;
      }>;
    };
    verification: Array<{
      step: string;
      command: string;
      expectedOutput: string;
    }>;
  };
  error?: {
    code: string;
    message: string;
    details: any;
  };
}
```

### 3. debug_database

#### Input Schema
```typescript
interface DebugDatabaseInput {
  connectionString: string;
  issue: "connection" | "performance" | "locks" | "replication";
  logLevel?: "info" | "debug" | "trace";
  options?: {
    timeout?: number;
    maxResults?: number;
    includeQueries?: boolean;
    collectMetrics?: boolean;
  };
}
```

#### Output Schema
```typescript
interface DebugResult {
  status: "success" | "error";
  timestamp: string;
  duration: number;
  debug: {
    issue: string;
    context: {
      serverVersion: string;
      currentConnections: number;
      uptime: string;
    };
    findings: Array<{
      type: string;
      severity: "low" | "medium" | "high";
      description: string;
      evidence: any;
      solution?: string;
    }>;
    metrics?: {
      cpu: number;
      memory: number;
      io: {
        read: number;
        write: number;
      };
      connections: number;
    };
    queries?: Array<{
      sql: string;
      duration: number;
      plan?: any;
      stats?: any;
    }>;
  };
  error?: {
    code: string;
    message: string;
    details: any;
  };
}
```

## Implementation Details

### Connection Management

```typescript
class ConnectionManager {
  private pools: Map<string, Pool>;
  private config: ConnectionConfig;

  constructor(config: ConnectionConfig) {
    this.pools = new Map();
    this.config = config;
  }

  async getConnection(connectionString: string): Promise<PoolClient> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async releaseConnection(client: PoolClient): Promise<void> {
    // Implementation
  }

  private createPool(connectionString: string): Pool {
    // Implementation
  }
}
```

### Analysis Engine

```typescript
class AnalysisEngine {
  private connection: ConnectionManager;
  private metrics: MetricsCollector;

  constructor(connection: ConnectionManager) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.metrics = new MetricsCollector();
  }

  async analyzeConfiguration(): Promise<ConfigAnalysis> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async analyzePerformance(): Promise<PerformanceAnalysis> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async analyzeSecurity(): Promise<SecurityAnalysis> {
    // Implementation
  }
}
```

### Debug Engine

```typescript
class DebugEngine {
  private connection: ConnectionManager;
  private logger: Logger;

  constructor(connection: ConnectionManager, logger: Logger) {
    this.connection = connection;
    this.logger = logger;
  }

  async debugConnection(): Promise<DebugResult> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async debugPerformance(): Promise<DebugResult> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async debugLocks(): Promise<DebugResult> {
    // Implementation
  }

  async debugReplication(): Promise<DebugResult> {
    // Implementation
  }
}
```

## Error Handling

### Error Types

```typescript
enum ErrorCode {
  CONNECTION_ERROR = "CONNECTION_ERROR",
  AUTHENTICATION_ERROR = "AUTHENTICATION_ERROR",
  PERMISSION_ERROR = "PERMISSION_ERROR",
  TIMEOUT_ERROR = "TIMEOUT_ERROR",
  VALIDATION_ERROR = "VALIDATION_ERROR",
  INTERNAL_ERROR = "INTERNAL_ERROR"
}

interface McpError {
  code: ErrorCode;
  message: string;
  details?: any;
  cause?: Error;
}
```

### Error Handling Strategy

1. **Connection Errors**
   - Retry with exponential backoff
   - Pool connection management
   - Timeout handling
   - Circuit breaker implementation

2. **Query Errors**
   - SQL error parsing
   - Query timeout handling
   - Transaction management
   - Resource cleanup

3. **Analysis Errors**
   - Partial result handling
   - Metric collection failures
   - Analysis timeout management
   - Resource constraints

## Performance Considerations

1. **Connection Pooling**
   - Pool size configuration
   - Connection lifecycle
   - Resource limits
   - Idle timeout management

2. **Query Optimization**
   - Prepared statements
   - Query planning
   - Result streaming
   - Batch operations

3. **Resource Management**
   - Memory usage
   - CPU utilization
   - I/O operations
   - Network bandwidth

## Security Implementation

1. **Authentication**
   - Connection string validation
   - Credential management
   - SSL/TLS configuration
   - Role-based access

2. **Query Safety**
   - SQL injection prevention
   - Query sanitization
   - Parameter binding
   - Resource limits

3. **Audit Logging**
   - Operation logging
   - Access tracking
   - Error logging
   - Security events