SSO MCP Server

# Software Architecture Design: [PRODUCT/PROJECT NAME] **Version**: 1.0 | **Date**: [DATE] | **Status**: Draft **Prepared by**: [ARCHITECT/TEAM] | **Reviewed by**: [STAKEHOLDER] **Note**: This template is used to create the architecture design document for the entire product/system. This document should be created after completing one or more feature specifications (`/rainbow.specify`) and ground rules review (`/rainbow.regulate`), but before creating implementation plans (`/rainbow.design`) for individual features. --- ## Document Control | Version | Date | Author | Changes | |---------|------|--------|---------| | 1.0 | [DATE] | [NAME] | Initial architecture design | | | | | | **Related Documents**: - Ground Rules: `memory/ground-rules.md` - Feature Specifications: `specs/[###-feature]/spec.md` - Implementation Plans: `specs/[###-feature]/design.md` (created after this document) --- ## Executive Summary <!-- ACTION REQUIRED: Provide a concise overview (2-3 paragraphs) of the system architecture. This should be understandable by non-technical stakeholders. --> **Purpose**: [Brief description of what the system does and why it exists] **Scope**: [What is included/excluded from this architecture] **Key Architectural Decisions**: - [Decision 1: e.g., "Microservices architecture chosen for scalability"] - [Decision 2: e.g., "Event-driven communication for loose coupling"] - [Decision 3: e.g., "Cloud-native deployment on AWS/Azure/GCP"] **Target Audience**: Software architects, developers, DevOps engineers, technical project managers, and stakeholders involved in system planning and implementation. --- ## Table of Contents 1. [Introduction](#1-introduction) 2. [Architectural Drivers](#2-architectural-drivers) 3. [System Context View](#3-system-context-view) 4. [Container View](#4-container-view) 5. [Component View](#5-component-view) 6. [Code View](#6-code-view) 7. [Deployment View](#7-deployment-view) 8. [Architecture Decisions](#8-architecture-decisions) 9. [Quality Attributes](#9-quality-attributes) 10. [Risks & Technical Debt](#10-risks--technical-debt) 11. [Appendices](#11-appendices) --- ## 1. Introduction ### 1.1 Purpose <!-- Describe the purpose of this architecture document and what it aims to achieve. --> This document describes the software architecture for [PRODUCT/PROJECT NAME]. It provides a comprehensive view of the system's structure, components, and design decisions to guide development teams and stakeholders. ### 1.2 Scope <!-- Define what is covered by this architecture and what is explicitly out of scope. --> **In Scope**: - [System boundary 1: e.g., "Web application and API backend"] - [System boundary 2: e.g., "Data persistence and caching layers"] - [System boundary 3: e.g., "Integration with third-party services"] **Out of Scope**: - [Exclusion 1: e.g., "Legacy system migration details"] - [Exclusion 2: e.g., "Third-party service internal architectures"] - [Exclusion 3: e.g., "Network infrastructure below application layer"] ### 1.3 Architectural Approach <!-- Describe the overall architectural style/pattern being used. --> This architecture follows [ARCHITECTURAL STYLE: e.g., "a layered, microservices-based approach" or "a modular monolith pattern" or "an event-driven architecture"]. **Key Principles**: 1. [Principle 1: e.g., "Separation of concerns"] 2. [Principle 2: e.g., "Loose coupling, high cohesion"] 3. [Principle 3: e.g., "Design for failure and resilience"] 4. [Principle 4: e.g., "Security by design"] 5. [Principle 5: e.g., "Optimize for change"] ### 1.4 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations | Term | Definition | |------|------------| | API | Application Programming Interface | | SLA | Service Level Agreement | | RBAC | Role-Based Access Control | | [ADD MORE] | [Specific to your system] | --- ## 2. Architectural Drivers ### 2.1 Stakeholders and Concerns <!-- Identify key stakeholders and their primary concerns that influence the architecture. --> | Stakeholder | Role | Key Concerns | |-------------|------|--------------| | [End Users] | System users | Performance, usability, reliability | | [Product Owner] | Business representative | Time to market, cost, feature completeness | | [Development Team] | Implementation | Maintainability, testability, clear interfaces | | [Operations Team] | Deployment & monitoring | Deployability, observability, scalability | | [Security Team] | Security compliance | Data protection, authentication, authorization | | [Legal/Compliance] | Regulatory compliance | Data privacy (GDPR, CCPA), audit trails | ### 2.2 Business Goals <!-- List the key business objectives that drive architectural decisions. --> 1. **BG-001**: [Business goal 1, e.g., "Reduce customer onboarding time from 10 minutes to 2 minutes"] 2. **BG-002**: [Business goal 2, e.g., "Support 100k concurrent users by Q4"] 3. **BG-003**: [Business goal 3, e.g., "Enable multi-region deployment for compliance"] 4. **BG-004**: [Business goal 4, e.g., "Reduce operational costs by 30% through automation"] ### 2.3 Quality Attribute Requirements <!-- Define the quality attributes (non-functional requirements) that shape the architecture. Use measurable criteria where possible. --> #### 2.3.1 Performance - **PE-001**: System MUST respond to 95% of user requests within [X]ms under normal load - **PE-002**: System MUST support [X] transactions per second (TPS) - **PE-003**: Database queries MUST complete within [X]ms for 99th percentile #### 2.3.2 Scalability - **SC-001**: System MUST scale horizontally to support [X] concurrent users - **SC-002**: System MUST handle [X]% increase in load without architecture changes - **SC-003**: Storage MUST scale to [X]TB of data #### 2.3.3 Availability & Reliability - **AV-001**: System MUST maintain [X]% uptime (e.g., 99.9% = ~8.76 hours downtime/year) - **AV-002**: System MUST recover from failures within [X] minutes (RTO) - **AV-003**: System MUST tolerate single point of failure in [critical components] #### 2.3.4 Security - **SE-001**: System MUST authenticate users using [method: e.g., OAuth 2.0, SAML] - **SE-002**: System MUST encrypt data in transit (TLS 1.3+) and at rest (AES-256) - **SE-003**: System MUST implement RBAC with [roles: admin, user, guest] - **SE-004**: System MUST comply with [standards: OWASP Top 10, SOC 2, ISO 27001] #### 2.3.5 Maintainability - **MA-001**: Code coverage MUST exceed [X]% for critical components - **MA-002**: System MUST support zero-downtime deployments - **MA-003**: New features MUST be developable within [timeframe] by [team size] #### 2.3.6 Usability - **US-001**: User interface MUST support [accessibility standards: WCAG 2.1 AA] - **US-002**: System MUST support [languages/locales] - **US-003**: Mobile responsive design MUST support [screen sizes] #### 2.3.7 Observability - **OB-001**: System MUST provide centralized logging with [retention period] - **OB-002**: System MUST expose metrics for monitoring (latency, throughput, errors) - **OB-003**: System MUST support distributed tracing for troubleshooting ### 2.4 Constraints <!-- Document technical, organizational, and business constraints that limit design choices. --> **Technical Constraints**: - **TC-001**: [e.g., "Must use existing PostgreSQL database infrastructure"] - **TC-002**: [e.g., "Must integrate with legacy SOAP-based authentication system"] - **TC-003**: [e.g., "Must run on Kubernetes 1.25+"] **Organizational Constraints**: - **OC-001**: [e.g., "Development team limited to 5 engineers"] - **OC-002**: [e.g., "Must use company-approved AWS services only"] - **OC-003**: [e.g., "Must follow internal security review process"] **Business Constraints**: - **BC-001**: [e.g., "Budget limited to $X for infrastructure"] - **BC-002**: [e.g., "Must launch MVP within 6 months"] - **BC-003**: [e.g., "Cannot require users to install native apps"] ### 2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies **Assumptions**: - **AS-001**: [e.g., "Users have broadband internet connectivity (5+ Mbps)"] - **AS-002**: [e.g., "Third-party payment API has 99.9% availability"] - **AS-003**: [e.g., "Database can handle projected growth for 2 years"] **Dependencies**: - **DE-001**: [e.g., "Depends on Stripe API for payment processing"] - **DE-002**: [e.g., "Depends on SendGrid for email delivery"] - **DE-003**: [e.g., "Depends on Auth0 for identity management"] --- ## 3. System Context View <!-- C4 Model Level 1: System Context Diagram Shows the system as a box in the center, surrounded by users and other systems. This is the "zoom out" view - the big picture. --> ### 3.1 Context Diagram ```text ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ System Context │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ End │──────────────┐ │ │ │ Users │ │ │ │ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Admin │──────────────┼────▶│ │ │ │ │ Users │ │ │ [SYSTEM NAME] │ │ │ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └────▶│ [Brief description]│ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ External │ └──────────┬──────────┘ │ │ │ System 1 │◀──────────────────────────────┘ │ │ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ │ │ │ External │◀─────────────│ [SYSTEM NAME] │ │ │ │ System 2 │ └─────────────────┘ │ │ └──────────┘ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` <!-- ACTION REQUIRED: Replace the diagram above with an actual diagram. RECOMMENDED: Use Mermaid diagram for version control and maintainability: ```mermaid graph TB Users[End Users] --> System[SYSTEM NAME] Admins[Admin Users] --> System System --> ExtSystem1[External System 1] System --> ExtSystem2[External System 2] ``` Alternatives: ASCII art (shown above), C4-PlantUML, or Draw.io/Lucidchart (link to image) --> ### 3.2 Context Description **System**: [SYSTEM NAME] [1-2 paragraph description of what the system does from a high level] **Users and External Systems**: | Actor/System | Type | Description | Interaction | |--------------|------|-------------|-------------| | [End Users] | User | [Who they are] | [How they use the system] | | [Admin Users] | User | [Who they are] | [How they use the system] | | [External System 1] | External System | [What it is] | [What data/services exchanged] | | [External System 2] | External System | [What it is] | [What data/services exchanged] | ### 3.3 System Responsibilities **What the system does**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Manages user authentication and authorization"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Processes and stores customer orders"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Generates reports and analytics"] **What the system does NOT do** (delegated to external systems): - [External responsibility 1: e.g., "Payment processing (handled by Stripe)"] - [External responsibility 2: e.g., "Email delivery (handled by SendGrid)"] - [External responsibility 3: e.g., "File storage (handled by AWS S3)"] --- ## 4. Container View <!-- C4 Model Level 2: Container Diagram Shows the high-level technical building blocks (containers) of the system. Containers = applications, data stores, microservices, etc. --> ### 4.1 Container Diagram ```text ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Container View │ │ │ │ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ Users │ │ │ └────┬─────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ HTTPS │ │ ▼ │ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Web Application │ │ │ │ [React/Vue/Angular]│ │ │ │ Port: 443 │ │ │ └──────────┬──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ REST/GraphQL │ │ ▼ │ │ ┌─────────────────────┐ ┌──────────────────┐ │ │ │ API Application │────────▶│ Database │ │ │ │ [FastAPI/Express] │ │ [PostgreSQL] │ │ │ │ Port: 8000 │ │ Port: 5432 │ │ │ └──────────┬──────────┘ └──────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────────────────┐ │ │ └───────────────────▶│ Cache │ │ │ │ [Redis] │ │ │ │ Port: 6379 │ │ │ └──────────────────┘ │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` <!-- ACTION REQUIRED: Replace the diagram above with your actual container architecture. RECOMMENDED: Use Mermaid diagram for clarity and version control: ```mermaid graph TB Users[Users] -->|HTTPS| WebApp[Web Application<br/>React/Vue/Angular<br/>Port: 443] WebApp -->|REST/GraphQL| API[API Application<br/>FastAPI/Express<br/>Port: 8000] API -->|SQL| DB[(Database<br/>PostgreSQL<br/>Port: 5432)] API -->|Redis Protocol| Cache[(Cache<br/>Redis<br/>Port: 6379)] ``` Include all applications, databases, message queues, caches, etc. --> ### 4.2 Container Descriptions #### Container 1: [Web Application] - **Technology**: [e.g., React 18, TypeScript, Vite] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Provides the user interface for end users"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Renders UI components"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Handles client-side routing"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Manages user session state"] - **Communication**: - Calls [API Application] via [HTTPS REST API] - Authenticates with [Auth Service] via [OAuth 2.0] #### Container 2: [API Application] - **Technology**: [e.g., FastAPI 0.104, Python 3.11, Uvicorn] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Provides REST API for business logic"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Handles business logic and validation"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Orchestrates data access"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Enforces authorization rules"] - **Communication**: - Reads/writes to [Database] via [PostgreSQL driver] - Publishes events to [Message Queue] via [RabbitMQ client] - Caches data in [Redis] via [Redis client] #### Container 3: [Database] - **Technology**: [e.g., PostgreSQL 15] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Stores persistent application data"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Stores user accounts and profiles"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Stores transactional data"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Maintains referential integrity"] - **Schema Overview**: [Link to schema diagram or list key tables] - Tables: [users, orders, products, etc.] #### Container 4: [Cache] - **Technology**: [e.g., Redis 7] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Provides fast access to frequently accessed data"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Caches user sessions"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Caches API responses for 5 minutes"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Implements rate limiting counters"] [Add more containers as needed] ### 4.3 Inter-Container Communication | From Container | To Container | Protocol | Purpose | Data Format | |----------------|--------------|----------|---------|-------------| | [Web App] | [API App] | HTTPS | API calls | JSON | | [API App] | [Database] | TCP | Data persistence | SQL | | [API App] | [Cache] | TCP | Caching | Redis protocol | | [API App] | [Message Queue] | AMQP | Event publishing | JSON | --- ## 5. Component View <!-- C4 Model Level 3: Component Diagram Shows the internal structure of a container - the main components/modules. Create one component diagram for each critical container. --> ### 5.1 [Container Name] Component Diagram ```text ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ [Container Name] - Component View │ │ │ │ ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Presentation Layer │ │ │ │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Controller │ │ Controller │ │ Controller │ │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ 2 │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ └──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘ │ │ │ └─────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────┐ │ │ │ ▼ ▼ ▼ │ │ │ │ Business Logic Layer │ │ │ │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Service │ │ Service │ │ Service │ │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ 2 │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ └──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘ └──────┬───────┘ │ │ │ └─────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────┐ │ │ │ ▼ ▼ ▼ │ │ │ │ Data Access Layer │ │ │ │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Repository │ │ Repository │ │ Repository │ │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ 2 │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` <!-- ACTION REQUIRED: Replace with your actual component structure. RECOMMENDED: Use Mermaid diagram to show component layers and dependencies: ```mermaid graph TB subgraph "Presentation Layer" C1[Controller 1] C2[Controller 2] C3[Controller 3] end subgraph "Business Logic Layer" S1[Service 1] S2[Service 2] S3[Service 3] end subgraph "Data Access Layer" R1[Repository 1] R2[Repository 2] R3[Repository 3] end C1 --> S1 C2 --> S2 C3 --> S3 S1 --> R1 S2 --> R2 S3 --> R3 ``` Show the major components and their relationships. --> ### 5.2 Component Descriptions #### Component Group: [Presentation Layer / Controllers] ##### Component: [UserController] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Handles HTTP requests related to user management"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Validates incoming request data"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Maps HTTP requests to service calls"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Returns HTTP responses with proper status codes"] - **Dependencies**: [UserService, AuthService] - **Exposed Interfaces**: - `POST /api/users` - Create user - `GET /api/users/{id}` - Get user by ID - `PUT /api/users/{id}` - Update user - `DELETE /api/users/{id}` - Delete user [Add more components as needed] #### Component Group: [Business Logic Layer / Services] ##### Component: [UserService] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Encapsulates business logic for user operations"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Enforces business rules for user creation"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Validates email uniqueness"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Publishes user events to message queue"] - **Dependencies**: [UserRepository, EmailService, EventBus] - **Key Operations**: - `createUser(userData): User` - `getUserById(userId): User` - `updateUser(userId, userData): User` - `deleteUser(userId): void` [Add more components as needed] #### Component Group: [Data Access Layer / Repositories] ##### Component: [UserRepository] - **Purpose**: [e.g., "Provides data access abstraction for user data"] - **Responsibilities**: - [Responsibility 1: e.g., "Executes SQL queries for user data"] - [Responsibility 2: e.g., "Maps database rows to domain objects"] - [Responsibility 3: e.g., "Handles database transactions"] - **Dependencies**: [Database Connection Pool] - **Key Operations**: - `save(user): void` - `findById(userId): User | null` - `findByEmail(email): User | null` - `delete(userId): void` [Add more components as needed] ### 5.3 Component Interaction Patterns **Pattern 1: [Request-Response]** - [Description: e.g., "Synchronous HTTP request/response for API calls"] - [When used: e.g., "User-initiated actions requiring immediate response"] **Pattern 2: [Event-Driven]** - [Description: e.g., "Asynchronous event publishing for decoupled operations"] - [When used: e.g., "Background processing, notifications, audit logging"] **Pattern 3: [Repository Pattern]** - [Description: e.g., "Abstraction over data access logic"] - [When used: e.g., "All database operations"] --- ## 6. Code View <!-- C4 Model Level 4: Code Diagram (optional, usually in IDE) Shows the internal structure of a component at the class/function level. This section is usually omitted from architecture docs as it's visible in code. Include only for critical/complex components that need explanation. --> ### 6.1 Code Organization **Directory Structure**: ```text project-root/ ├── src/ │ ├── api/ # API/presentation layer │ │ ├── controllers/ # HTTP request handlers │ │ ├── middleware/ # Request/response middleware │ │ └── routes/ # Route definitions │ ├── business/ # Business logic layer │ │ ├── services/ # Business services │ │ ├── models/ # Domain models │ │ └── validators/ # Business rule validators │ ├── data/ # Data access layer │ │ ├── repositories/ # Data access abstractions │ │ ├── entities/ # Database entities/ORM models │ │ └── migrations/ # Database migration scripts │ ├── infrastructure/ # Infrastructure concerns │ │ ├── config/ # Configuration management │ │ ├── logging/ # Logging utilities │ │ ├── messaging/ # Message queue clients │ │ └── cache/ # Caching utilities │ └── shared/ # Shared utilities │ ├── types/ # Shared type definitions │ ├── utils/ # Utility functions │ └── constants/ # Application constants ├── tests/ │ ├── unit/ # Unit tests │ ├── integration/ # Integration tests │ └── e2e/ # End-to-end tests ├── docs/ # Documentation └── scripts/ # Build/deployment scripts ``` ### 6.2 Naming Conventions **Files**: - [Convention 1: e.g., "PascalCase for classes: `UserService.ts`"] - [Convention 2: e.g., "kebab-case for components: `user-profile.tsx`"] - [Convention 3: e.g., "camelCase for utilities: `formatDate.ts`"] **Code**: - [Convention 1: e.g., "PascalCase for classes/interfaces: `class UserService`"] - [Convention 2: e.g., "camelCase for functions/variables: `function getUserById()`"] - [Convention 3: e.g., "UPPER_SNAKE_CASE for constants: `const MAX_RETRY_COUNT`"] ### 6.3 Key Design Patterns | Pattern | Purpose | Usage Example | |---------|---------|---------------| | [Repository] | Data access abstraction | `UserRepository`, `OrderRepository` | | [Service Layer] | Business logic encapsulation | `UserService`, `OrderService` | | [Factory] | Object creation | `DatabaseConnectionFactory` | | [Singleton] | Single instance | `ConfigurationManager` | | [Strategy] | Runtime algorithm selection | `PaymentStrategy` (Credit, Debit, PayPal) | | [Observer] | Event notification | `EventEmitter` for domain events | --- ## 7. Deployment View <!-- Shows how containers are deployed to infrastructure. Include production and key non-production environments. --> ### 7.1 Deployment Architecture #### 7.1.1 Production Environment ```text ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Production Deployment │ │ │ │ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ Region: [us-east-1] │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Availability Zone 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Web │ │ API │ │ DB │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Server │ │ Server │ │ Primary │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Availability Zone 2 │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Web │ │ API │ │ DB │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Server │ │ Server │ │ Replica │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ Shared Services │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Redis │ │ Message │ │ S3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Cache │ │ Queue │ │ Storage │ │ │ │ │ │ │ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘ │ │ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │ │ │ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ ``` <!-- ACTION REQUIRED: Replace with your actual deployment architecture. RECOMMENDED: Use Mermaid diagram for infrastructure visualization: ```mermaid graph TB subgraph "Production Region: us-east-1" subgraph "Availability Zone 1" Web1[Web Server] API1[API Server] DB1[(DB Primary)] end subgraph "Availability Zone 2" Web2[Web Server] API2[API Server] DB2[(DB Replica)] end subgraph "Shared Services" Redis[(Redis Cache)] MQ[Message Queue] S3[(S3 Storage)] end end ``` Include load balancers, CDNs, multi-region setup if applicable. --> #### 7.1.2 Environment Specifications | Environment | Purpose | Infrastructure | Scaling | |-------------|---------|----------------|---------| | **Production** | Live system | [e.g., AWS EKS, 3 nodes, t3.xlarge] | Auto-scale 3-10 pods | | **Staging** | Pre-production testing | [e.g., AWS EKS, 2 nodes, t3.large] | Fixed 2 pods | | **Development** | Developer testing | [e.g., Docker Compose on local] | Single instance | | **QA** | Quality assurance | [e.g., AWS EKS, 1 node, t3.medium] | Fixed 1 pod | ### 7.2 Infrastructure Components #### 7.2.1 Compute | Component | Technology | Configuration | Purpose | |-----------|------------|---------------|---------| | [Web Server] | [e.g., Nginx on Kubernetes] | [e.g., 2 vCPU, 4GB RAM] | Serve static content, reverse proxy | | [API Server] | [e.g., Uvicorn on Kubernetes] | [e.g., 4 vCPU, 8GB RAM] | Run API application | | [Worker] | [e.g., Celery on Kubernetes] | [e.g., 2 vCPU, 4GB RAM] | Background job processing | #### 7.2.2 Data Storage | Component | Technology | Configuration | Purpose | |-----------|------------|---------------|---------| | [Primary DB] | [e.g., RDS PostgreSQL 15] | [e.g., db.r6g.xlarge, 500GB SSD] | Transactional data | | [Cache] | [e.g., ElastiCache Redis 7] | [e.g., cache.r6g.large, 6GB] | Session/data caching | | [Object Storage] | [e.g., S3 Standard] | [e.g., 1TB, lifecycle to Glacier] | File storage | | [Search] | [e.g., OpenSearch] | [e.g., 3 data nodes, 4GB each] | Full-text search | #### 7.2.3 Networking | Component | Technology | Configuration | Purpose | |-----------|------------|---------------|---------| | [Load Balancer] | [e.g., AWS ALB] | [e.g., Multi-AZ, SSL termination] | Distribute traffic | | [CDN] | [e.g., CloudFront] | [e.g., Global edge locations] | Static content delivery | | [DNS] | [e.g., Route 53] | [e.g., Latency-based routing] | Domain resolution | | [API Gateway] | [e.g., Kong/AWS API Gateway] | [e.g., Rate limiting, auth] | API management | ### 7.3 Deployment Pipeline **CI/CD Workflow**: ```mermaid graph TB A[Code Push] --> B[Build & Test] B --> C[Unit Tests] C --> D[Integration Tests] D --> E[Security Scan] E --> F[SAST] E --> G[Dependency Scan] F --> H[Build Image] G --> H H --> I[Docker Build] I --> J[Push to ECR] J --> K[Deploy to Staging] K --> L[Helm Upgrade] L --> M[Smoke Tests] M --> N[Manual Approval] N --> O[Product Owner Review] O --> P[Deploy to Prod] P --> Q[Blue/Green Deployment] Q --> R[Post-Deploy] R --> S[Health Checks] R --> T[Monitoring] ``` **Deployment Strategy**: [e.g., "Blue/Green deployment with automatic rollback on health check failure"] ### 7.4 Infrastructure as Code - **Tool**: [e.g., Terraform 1.5+] - **Repository**: [e.g., `infrastructure/terraform/`] - **State Management**: [e.g., "S3 backend with DynamoDB state locking"] - **Key Modules**: - [Module 1: e.g., "VPC and networking"] - [Module 2: e.g., "EKS cluster"] - [Module 3: e.g., "RDS database"] - [Module 4: e.g., "IAM roles and policies"] ### 7.5 Disaster Recovery **Backup Strategy**: - **Database**: [e.g., "Automated daily snapshots, retained for 30 days, backed up to S3"] - **Files**: [e.g., "S3 with versioning enabled, cross-region replication to us-west-2"] - **Configuration**: [e.g., "Infrastructure code in Git, secrets in AWS Secrets Manager"] **Recovery Objectives**: - **RTO (Recovery Time Objective)**: [e.g., "4 hours for full system restoration"] - **RPO (Recovery Point Objective)**: [e.g., "15 minutes of data loss maximum"] **Disaster Recovery Plan**: 1. [Step 1: e.g., "Detect failure via monitoring alerts"] 2. [Step 2: e.g., "Initiate incident response process"] 3. [Step 3: e.g., "Restore database from latest snapshot"] 4. [Step 4: e.g., "Redeploy application to alternate region"] 5. [Step 5: e.g., "Update DNS to point to new region"] 6. [Step 6: e.g., "Validate system functionality"] --- ## 8. Architecture Decisions <!-- Document key architectural decisions using Architecture Decision Records (ADR) format. Each decision should explain: Context, Decision, Consequences, and Alternatives. --> ### 8.1 Decision Log | ID | Date | Title | Status | |----|------|-------|--------| | ADR-001 | [DATE] | [Decision title] | [Accepted/Superseded/Deprecated] | | ADR-002 | [DATE] | [Decision title] | [Accepted] | | ADR-003 | [DATE] | [Decision title] | [Proposed] | ### 8.2 Architecture Decision Records #### ADR-001: [Decision Title] **Date**: [DATE] **Status**: [Proposed | Accepted | Deprecated | Superseded by ADR-XXX] **Deciders**: [List of people involved] **Context**: [Describe the issue or situation that prompted this decision. What forces are at play?] **Decision**: [Describe the decision and its implications. Be specific and actionable.] **Rationale**: [Explain why this decision was made. What factors influenced it?] **Consequences**: *Positive*: - [Benefit 1] - [Benefit 2] - [Benefit 3] *Negative*: - [Trade-off 1] - [Trade-off 2] - [Trade-off 3] *Neutral*: - [Impact 1] - [Impact 2] **Alternatives Considered**: 1. **Alternative 1**: [Description] - Pros: [List pros] - Cons: [List cons] - Why rejected: [Reason] 2. **Alternative 2**: [Description] - Pros: [List pros] - Cons: [List cons] - Why rejected: [Reason] **Related Decisions**: - [ADR-XXX]: [Related decision] --- #### ADR-002: [Example: Use Microservices Architecture] **Date**: 2024-01-15 **Status**: Accepted **Deciders**: Architecture Team, CTO **Context**: The system needs to scale independently by function (user management, order processing, payments) and be developed by multiple teams concurrently. The existing monolith has become difficult to deploy and scale. **Decision**: Adopt a microservices architecture with independent services for user management, orders, payments, and notifications. Services communicate via REST APIs and asynchronous message queues. **Rationale**: - Teams can work independently with minimal coordination - Services can scale based on individual load patterns - Technology stack can be optimized per service - Failures are isolated to individual services **Consequences**: *Positive*: - Independent deployment and scaling per service - Team autonomy and faster development cycles - Technology flexibility per service - Better fault isolation *Negative*: - Increased operational complexity (more services to monitor) - Distributed system challenges (network latency, partial failures) - Data consistency across services requires careful design - Increased infrastructure costs *Neutral*: - Need for robust DevOps practices and tooling - API versioning and backward compatibility required **Alternatives Considered**: 1. **Modular Monolith**: Well-structured monolith with clear module boundaries - Pros: Simpler deployment, easier transactions, lower infrastructure cost - Cons: All modules share same technology stack, scaling requires scaling entire monolith - Why rejected: Doesn't solve team independence and scaling issues 2. **Serverless Functions**: AWS Lambda for each feature - Pros: Extreme scalability, pay-per-use pricing, no server management - Cons: Cold start latency, vendor lock-in, complex state management - Why rejected: Not suitable for long-running operations and complex workflows **Related Decisions**: - ADR-003: API Gateway for Service Communication - ADR-005: Event-Driven Architecture for Async Communication --- [Add more ADRs as needed for critical decisions] --- ## 9. Quality Attributes <!-- Detail how the architecture achieves the quality attribute requirements defined in Section 2.3. Provide specific implementation strategies. --> ### 9.1 Performance Strategies **Strategy 1: Caching** - **Implementation**: Redis cache for frequently accessed data (user sessions, product catalogs) - **Cache Invalidation**: Time-based expiration (5 minutes) + event-based invalidation - **Expected Impact**: Reduce database load by 70%, API response time from 200ms to 50ms **Strategy 2: Database Optimization** - **Implementation**: Read replicas for analytics queries, connection pooling (100 connections) - **Indexes**: On `user_id`, `email`, `order_date`, `product_id` - **Expected Impact**: Query performance <50ms for 99th percentile **Strategy 3: Asynchronous Processing** - **Implementation**: Message queue (RabbitMQ) for email notifications, report generation - **Expected Impact**: Immediate API responses, background processing up to 10k messages/sec ### 9.2 Scalability Strategies **Strategy 1: Horizontal Scaling** - **Implementation**: Stateless API servers with Kubernetes auto-scaling (3-10 pods) - **Trigger**: CPU >70% or requests >1000/sec - **Expected Impact**: Support 100k concurrent users **Strategy 2: Database Sharding** - **Implementation**: Shard user data by user_id (hash-based sharding) across 4 shards - **Expected Impact**: Linear scaling of database write capacity **Strategy 3: Content Delivery Network** - **Implementation**: CloudFront CDN for static assets (images, CSS, JS) - **Expected Impact**: Reduce origin load by 90%, improve global latency ### 9.3 Availability & Reliability Strategies **Strategy 1: Redundancy** - **Implementation**: Multi-AZ deployment, 3 API replicas, database with read replicas - **Expected Impact**: 99.9% availability (8.76 hours downtime/year max) **Strategy 2: Health Checks & Auto-Recovery** - **Implementation**: Kubernetes liveness/readiness probes, automatic pod restart - **Interval**: Health check every 10 seconds - **Expected Impact**: Failed containers restarted within 30 seconds **Strategy 3: Circuit Breakers** - **Implementation**: Resilience4j circuit breaker for external API calls - **Threshold**: Open after 50% failure rate over 10 requests - **Expected Impact**: Prevent cascading failures, graceful degradation ### 9.4 Security Strategies **Strategy 1: Authentication & Authorization** - **Implementation**: OAuth 2.0 with JWT tokens, RBAC with roles (admin, user, guest) - **Token Expiry**: Access token 15 minutes, refresh token 7 days - **Expected Impact**: Secure user authentication, fine-grained access control **Strategy 2: Encryption** - **Implementation**: TLS 1.3 for data in transit, AES-256 for data at rest - **Certificate Management**: AWS Certificate Manager, auto-renewal - **Expected Impact**: Protection against eavesdropping and data breaches **Strategy 3: Input Validation & Output Encoding** - **Implementation**: Pydantic models for input validation, parameterized queries - **Expected Impact**: Protection against SQL injection, XSS attacks **Strategy 4: Security Scanning** - **Implementation**: SAST (SonarQube), DAST (OWASP ZAP), dependency scanning (Snyk) - **Frequency**: On every commit (SAST), weekly (DAST) - **Expected Impact**: Early detection of security vulnerabilities ### 9.5 Maintainability Strategies **Strategy 1: Automated Testing** - **Implementation**: Unit tests (pytest), integration tests, E2E tests (Playwright) - **Coverage Target**: >80% for critical paths - **Expected Impact**: Catch regressions early, enable confident refactoring **Strategy 2: Observability** - **Implementation**: Structured logging (JSON), metrics (Prometheus), tracing (Jaeger) - **Log Retention**: 30 days in Elasticsearch - **Expected Impact**: Faster troubleshooting, proactive issue detection **Strategy 3: Documentation** - **Implementation**: OpenAPI specs for APIs, ADRs for decisions, inline code comments - **Automation**: Auto-generate API docs from code annotations - **Expected Impact**: Reduce onboarding time, improve knowledge sharing --- ## 10. Risks & Technical Debt ### 10.1 Architecture Risks | Risk ID | Description | Impact | Probability | Mitigation Strategy | |---------|-------------|--------|-------------|---------------------| | AR-001 | [Risk: e.g., "Database becomes bottleneck under high load"] | High | Medium | [Strategy: e.g., "Implement read replicas and caching"] | | AR-002 | [Risk: e.g., "Third-party API downtime affects core features"] | High | Low | [Strategy: e.g., "Circuit breakers + fallback mechanisms"] | | AR-003 | [Risk: e.g., "Vendor lock-in with AWS services"] | Medium | High | [Strategy: e.g., "Use abstraction layers, avoid proprietary APIs"] | | AR-004 | [Risk: e.g., "Security breach due to misconfigured access"] | Critical | Low | [Strategy: e.g., "Automated security audits, principle of least privilege"] | ### 10.2 Known Technical Debt | Debt ID | Description | Impact | Effort | Priority | Plan | |---------|-------------|--------|--------|----------|------| | TD-001 | [Debt: e.g., "Legacy authentication module not using modern standards"] | Medium | High | P2 | [Plan: e.g., "Refactor to OAuth 2.0 in Q3"] | | TD-002 | [Debt: e.g., "No automated backup testing"] | High | Medium | P1 | [Plan: e.g., "Implement quarterly DR drills"] | | TD-003 | [Debt: e.g., "Insufficient monitoring coverage for background jobs"] | Low | Low | P3 | [Plan: e.g., "Add metrics in next sprint"] | ### 10.3 Open Questions & Future Considerations **Open Questions**: 1. [Question 1: e.g., "How to handle eventual consistency in distributed transactions?"] - Status: Under investigation - Decision deadline: [DATE] 2. [Question 2: e.g., "Should we adopt GraphQL for more flexible client queries?"] - Status: Pending team discussion - Decision deadline: [DATE] **Future Enhancements**: - [Enhancement 1: e.g., "Multi-region active-active deployment for global users"] - Timeframe: Year 2 - Depends on: Business expansion to Asia/Europe - [Enhancement 2: e.g., "Machine learning-based recommendation engine"] - Timeframe: Year 2 - Depends on: Sufficient user data (1M+ users) - [Enhancement 3: e.g., "Mobile native apps for iOS and Android"] - Timeframe: Q4 2024 - Depends on: Budget approval --- ## 11. Appendices ### 11.1 Glossary | Term | Definition | |------|------------| | [Term 1] | [Definition] | | [Term 2] | [Definition] | | [Term 3] | [Definition] | ### 11.2 References 1. **Standards**: - IEEE 42010:2011 - Systems and software engineering — Architecture description - ISO/IEC 25010:2011 - Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) 2. **Methodologies**: - C4 Model for visualizing software architecture: <https://c4model.com/> - Arc42 architecture template: <https://arc42.org/> - Architecture Decision Records (ADR): <https://adr.github.io/> 3. **Project References**: - [Reference 1: e.g., "Company Security Standards v2.0"] - [Reference 2: e.g., "API Design Guidelines"] - [Reference 3: e.g., "Infrastructure Best Practices"] ### 11.3 Related Documents - **Ground Rules**: `memory/ground-rules.md` - Project constraints and principles - **Feature Specifications**: `specs/*/spec.md` - Individual feature requirements - **Implementation Plans**: `specs/*/design.md` - Feature implementation strategies - **API Documentation**: [Link to OpenAPI/Swagger docs] - **Runbooks**: [Link to operational procedures] ### 11.4 Diagrams & Models <!-- List of all architecture diagrams and models with links/references. RECOMMENDED: Use Mermaid diagrams embedded in this document for maintainability. --> - **System Context Diagram**: [Section 3.1 or external tool link] - **Container Diagram**: [Section 4.1 or external tool link] - **Component Diagrams**: [Section 5.x or external tool link] - **Deployment Diagram**: [Section 7.1 or external tool link] - **Entity-Relationship Diagram**: [Link to database schema documentation or Mermaid ER diagram] - **Sequence Diagrams**: [Link to detailed interaction flows or Mermaid sequence diagrams] **Mermaid Diagram Examples**: For sequence diagrams showing interactions between components: ```mermaid sequenceDiagram participant User participant WebApp participant API participant Database User->>WebApp: Request data WebApp->>API: GET /api/data API->>Database: Query Database-->>API: Results API-->>WebApp: JSON response WebApp-->>User: Display data ``` For entity-relationship diagrams: ```mermaid erDiagram USER ||--o{ ORDER : places USER { int id PK string email string name } ORDER { int id PK int user_id FK datetime created_at } ``` ### 11.5 Approval & Review | Role | Name | Signature | Date | |------|------|-----------|------| | System Architect | [NAME] | | | | Lead Developer | [NAME] | | | | DevOps Lead | [NAME] | | | | Product Owner | [NAME] | | | | CTO/Technical Director | [NAME] | | | ### 11.6 Change History | Version | Date | Author | Summary of Changes | |---------|------|--------|--------------------| | 0.1 | [DATE] | [NAME] | Initial draft | | 0.2 | [DATE] | [NAME] | Added deployment view | | 1.0 | [DATE] | [NAME] | Final version for approval | --- **END OF ARCHITECTURE DESIGN DOCUMENT** --- ## Notes for Template Users ### When to Use This Template - **After** completing one or more feature specifications using `/rainbow.specify` - **After** reviewing project constraints using `/rainbow.regulate` - **Before** creating implementation plans using `/rainbow.design` - When you need to design the **overall system architecture**, not just a single feature ### How to Fill Out This Template 1. **Start with Section 2 (Architectural Drivers)**: Understand stakeholders, business goals, and quality requirements 2. **Work through C4 levels (Sections 3-6)**: Start high-level (context) and drill down (containers, components) 3. **Document deployment (Section 7)**: Define how the system runs in production 4. **Capture decisions (Section 8)**: Use ADRs for all significant architectural choices 5. **Map quality strategies (Section 9)**: Show how architecture achieves quality requirements 6. **Identify risks (Section 10)**: Be honest about limitations and technical debt ### Relationship to Other Documents - **Ground Rules** (`memory/ground-rules.md`): Defines project-wide constraints that this architecture must respect - **Feature Specs** (`specs/*/spec.md`): Define individual features; this architecture shows how they fit together - **Implementation Plans** (`specs/*/design.md`): Tactical plans for building features; guided by this architecture - **Tasks** (`specs/*/tasks.md`): Individual work items; derived from plans that follow this architecture ### Tips for Success - **Keep it visual**: Use diagrams extensively (C4, sequence diagrams, deployment diagrams) - **prefer Mermaid** for version control and easy updates - **Be specific**: Avoid generic statements; use actual technologies, numbers, and examples - **Document decisions**: Every significant choice should have an ADR explaining the rationale - **Think about stakeholders**: Different sections serve different audiences (exec summary for business, deployment for ops) - **Keep it updated**: Architecture evolves; treat this as a living document - **Link to code**: Reference actual implementations to keep architecture grounded in reality - **Use Mermaid diagrams**: Embed diagrams directly in markdown using Mermaid syntax for better maintainability, version control, and collaboration