PubMed / MEDLINE Literature Search
Server Details
Search biomedical literature, get article details, find related articles, and explore MeSH terms
- Status
- Unhealthy
- Last Tested
- Transport
- Streamable HTTP
- URL
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Tool Definition Quality
Score is being calculated. Check back soon.
Available Tools
5 toolsget_article_detailAInspect
Get full details of a PubMed article by its PMID.
Returns title, all authors, complete abstract, MeSH terms,
publication types, journal info, and DOI.
Args:
pmid: PubMed ID (e.g. '39142850').| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| pmid | Yes |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| result | Yes |
Tool Definition Quality
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Lists specific fields returned (title, authors, abstract, MeSH, etc.) providing useful output transparency despite no annotations.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Extremely concise; front-loaded purpose statement followed by return value disclosure and Args section with no filler.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Complete for a simple retrieval tool; covers input requirement and output content adequately given output schema exists.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Compensates perfectly for 0% schema coverage by providing semantic meaning (PubMed ID) and concrete example ('39142850').
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
Specific verb (Get full details), clear resource (PubMed article), and distinguishes from siblings by specifying 'by its PMID' vs searching/finding.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
Implies usage (needs specific PMID) but lacks explicit guidance on when to use vs search_pubmed or find_related_articles.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
get_cited_byAInspect
Find articles that cite a given PubMed article.
Useful for tracking the impact and follow-up research of a
key publication.
Args:
pmid: PubMed ID of the article to find citations for.
limit: Maximum citing articles to return (default 20, max 100).| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| pmid | Yes | ||
| limit | No |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| result | Yes |
Tool Definition Quality
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Discloses pagination limits (max 100) not in schema, but lacks error handling details, empty result behavior, or rate limiting info given no annotations exist.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Front-loaded purpose statement followed by usage context and structured Args block; no wasted words.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Complete given output schema exists (no return value explanation needed); covers parameters, purpose, and usage context, though could mention error cases.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Fully compensates for 0% schema description coverage by clearly defining pmid purpose and limit constraints (default/max) in Args section.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
Clear specific verb ('Find') and resource ('articles that cite'), distinctly different from siblings like find_related_articles or search_pubmed.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
Provides clear use case ('tracking impact and follow-up research') but lacks explicit when-not-to-use guidance vs. alternatives like search_pubmed.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
search_meshAInspect
Search the MeSH vocabulary for standardized medical terms.
Find MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors to use in
precise PubMed searches. Returns MeSH IDs, preferred terms,
and scope notes.
Args:
term: Search term (e.g. 'diabetes', 'heart failure', 'opioid').
limit: Maximum results (default 10).| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| term | Yes | ||
| limit | No |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| result | Yes |
Tool Definition Quality
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Discloses return values (MeSH IDs, preferred terms, scope notes) which is valuable given no annotations are provided, though it omits rate limits or auth requirements.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Well-structured with purpose first, then usage context, then Args section; every sentence adds value without redundancy.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Complete for a 2-parameter search tool: covers purpose, workflow integration, return values (despite output schema existing), and parameter documentation.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Fully compensates for 0% schema description coverage by providing clear semantics for both parameters including examples for 'term' and default value for 'limit'.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
Clearly states it searches the MeSH vocabulary for standardized medical terms and distinguishes itself from article-search siblings by specifying it finds 'descriptors to use in precise PubMed searches'.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
Provides clear context ('to use in precise PubMed searches') implying it should be used before searching PubMed, though it lacks explicit 'when not to use' or alternative comparisons.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
search_pubmedBInspect
Search PubMed for biomedical literature.
Find research articles, reviews, and clinical studies matching your
search terms. Supports PubMed query syntax including MeSH terms,
field tags, and boolean operators.
Args:
query: Search terms (e.g. 'diabetes prevention exercise',
'breast cancer[MeSH] AND immunotherapy', 'COVID-19 vaccine efficacy').
limit: Maximum results (default 20, max 100).
sort: Sort order - 'relevance', 'date', or 'author' (default 'relevance').| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| sort | No | relevance | |
| limit | No | ||
| query | Yes |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|
| result | Yes |
Tool Definition Quality
Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?
Discloses key behavioral constraints (default limit of 20, max 100, default sort 'relevance') but omits other potential behaviors like rate limits, auth requirements, or result truncation logic.
Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.
Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?
Well-structured with purpose front-loaded; Args section is organized and every sentence provides value, though the docstring format is slightly verbose compared to natural language.
Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.
Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?
Adequate for tool complexity (3 params, 1 required); correctly omits output value explanations since output schema exists, covering only invocation semantics and query capabilities.
Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.
Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?
Compensates effectively for 0% schema description coverage by providing concrete query examples (including MeSH syntax), explaining enum-like options for 'sort', and documenting default/max constraints for 'limit'.
Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.
Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?
Clear verb-resource pair ('Search PubMed for biomedical literature') and specifies content types found, but lacks explicit differentiation from sibling tools like 'search_mesh' despite mentioning MeSH support.
Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.
Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?
No explicit guidance on when to use this vs alternatives (e.g., 'search_mesh' for MeSH-specific lookups or 'find_related_articles' for citation-based discovery); only implies usage through query syntax capabilities.
Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.
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