Render Hyades source to Unicode/ASCII text art. Hyades uses LaTeX-like syntax but outputs multi-line plain text instead of PDF. It supports math (fractions, integrals, matrices, Greek letters), tables with box-drawing frames, lists, flex-like layout (hbox/vbox), user-defined macros, and computation.
IMPORTANT: Always display the rendered output to the user directly in your response. The output is pre-formatted multi-line text art that depends on exact character alignment. You MUST use a fenced code block (triple backticks) or equivalent monospace/preformatted element to preserve spacing. Never display the output as regular prose text — column alignment, box-drawing characters, and fraction bars will break without a monospace font.
Input is a complete Hyades document. Plain text outside math delimiters is rendered as prose paragraphs. Use `$...$` for inline math and `$$...$$` for display math (centered on its own line).
---
## Math
Supports ~95% of LaTeX math syntax.
### Inline vs Display
```
Inline math: $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ flows with text.
Display math gets its own block:
$$ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 $$
```
Use `$...$` for inline, `$$...$$` for display. Display math is centered.
### Variables and Operators
```
$$ a + b - c $$
$$ a \times b \div c $$
$$ a \cdot b $$
$$ \pm x \quad \mp y $$
```
### Superscripts and Subscripts
```
$$ x^2 \quad x_i \quad x_i^2 \quad x^{n+1} \quad x_{i,j} \quad a^{b^c} $$
```
Use braces for multi-character exponents/subscripts: `x^{n+1}`, `x_{i,j}`.
**Bracing rules:** Use braces for multi-token expressions: `x^{n+1}`, `x_{i,j}`. Commands that take arguments (like `\mathbf{v}`) work without extra braces: `x_\mathbf{v}` is equivalent to `x_{\mathbf{v}}`, matching TeX behavior.
### Fractions
```
$$ \frac{a}{b} $$
$$ \frac{x^2 + 1}{\sqrt{x^2 - 1}} $$
$$ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} $$
```
Fractions nest to infinite depth. `\dfrac` and `\tfrac` are accepted as aliases for `\frac`.
### Roots
```
$$ \sqrt{x} $$
$$ \sqrt[3]{x} $$
$$ \sqrt[n]{x^2 + y^2} $$
```
Optional argument gives the nth root: `\sqrt[3]{x}`.
### Parentheses and Grouping
```
$$ (a + b) \quad [a + b] \quad \{a + b\} \quad |x| \quad \Vert x \Vert $$
```
Curly braces need escaping: `\{` and `\}`.
### Auto-Scaling Delimiters (\left/\right)
`\left` and `\right` make delimiters grow to match their contents:
```
$$ \left( \frac{a}{b} \right) \quad \left[ \frac{a}{b} \right] \quad \left| \frac{a}{b} \right| $$
```
Works with all delimiter types: `( ) [ ] \{ \} | \| \lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil \langle \rangle`.
Use `\left.` or `\right.` for invisible (null) delimiters — essential for evaluation bars:
```
$$ \left.\frac{df}{dx}\right|_{x=0} $$
```
Use `\middle` inside `\left...\right` for scaled interior delimiters:
```
$$ \left( \frac{a}{b} \middle| \frac{c}{d} \right) $$
```
### Explicit Delimiter Sizing (\big through \Bigg)
`\big`, `\Big`, `\bigg`, `\Bigg` set delimiter sizes explicitly.
`\bigl`/`\bigr`, `\Bigl`/`\Bigr`, `\biggl`/`\biggr`, `\Biggl`/`\Biggr` produce standalone one-sided delimiters:
```
$$ f(x)\bigr|_{x=0} $$
```
### Floor and Ceiling
```
$$ \lfloor x \rfloor $$
$$ \lceil x \rceil $$
$$ \left\lfloor \frac{x}{2} \right\rfloor $$
```
### Greek Letters
Lowercase: `\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \lambda \mu \nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau \phi \varphi \chi \psi \omega`
Uppercase (only where different from Latin): `\Gamma \Delta \Theta \Lambda \Xi \Pi \Sigma \Phi \Psi \Omega`
### Relations
```
$$ a \neq b \quad a \leq b \quad a \geq b $$
$$ a \ll b \quad a \gg b $$
$$ a \approx b \quad a \equiv b \quad a \sim b \quad a \propto b $$
$$ a \prec b \quad a \succ b \quad a \preceq b \quad a \succeq b $$
```
Definition symbols: `\coloneqq` (≔), `\eqqcolon` (≕), and `:=` (parsed as a single relation ≔):
```
$$ \Phi := S $$
$$ f \coloneqq x^2 + 1 $$
```
Colon alone is treated as punctuation (no space before, space after), useful in set-builder notation:
```
$$ \{x : x > 0\} $$
```
The `\not` prefix negates a relation: `\not=` → ≠, `\not\in` → ∉, `\not\leq` → ≰, `\not\equiv` → ≢, `\not\subset` → ⊄, `\not\exists` → ∄
### Set Theory
```
$$ x \in A \quad x \notin A $$
$$ A \subset B \quad A \subseteq B \quad A \cup B \quad A \cap B \quad \emptyset $$
$$ A \setminus B $$
```
### Logic
```
$$ \forall x \in \mathbb{R} \quad \exists x $$
$$ p \implies q \quad p \iff q $$
$$ \neg p \quad p \land q \quad p \lor q $$
$$ \therefore \quad \because \quad \top \quad \bot $$
```
### Arrows
`\rightarrow`, `\Rightarrow`, `\mapsto`, `\longmapsto`, `\hookrightarrow`, `\hookleftarrow`, `\leftarrow`, `\leftrightarrow`, `\Leftarrow`, `\Leftrightarrow`, `\uparrow`, `\downarrow`, `\updownarrow`, `\nearrow`, `\searrow`, `\nwarrow`, `\swarrow`.
Extensible arrows with text labels:
```
$$ A \xrightarrow{f} B \xleftarrow{g} C $$
```
### Standard Functions
Standard functions are set in upright type:
```
$$ \sin x \quad \cos(x) \quad \tan x $$
$$ \log x \quad \log_2 x \quad \ln x \quad \exp(x) $$
$$ \sin^2 x + \cos^2 x = 1 $$
```
Also: `\arcsin`, `\arccos`, `\arctan`, `\sinh`, `\cosh`, `\tanh`, `\det`, `\dim`, `\ker`, `\deg`, `\gcd`, `\sup`, `\inf`, `\max`, `\min`, `\argmax`, `\argmin`, `\limsup`, `\liminf`.
### Custom Function Names (\fn / \operatorname)
`\fn{name}` or `\operatorname{name}` produces an upright function name for functions Hyades doesn't know:
```
$$ \fn{softmax}\left(x_i\right) = \frac{e^{x_i}}{\sum_j e^{x_j}} $$
$$ \operatorname{Tr}(A) $$
```
### Text in Math (\text)
`\text{words}` inserts upright text inside math mode:
```
$$ x = 0 \text{ if } y > 0 $$
```
### Accents and Decorations
Single-character: `\hat{x}`, `\bar{x}`, `\tilde{x}`, `\vec{x}`, `\dot{x}`, `\ddot{x}`, `\acute{x}`, `\grave{x}`, `\breve{x}`, `\check{x}`
Wide accents: `\overline{AB}`, `\underline{text}`, `\overrightarrow{AB}`, `\overleftarrow{AB}`, `\widehat{xyz}`, `\widetilde{xyz}`
### Overset and Underset
```
$$ \overset{n}{=} $$
$$ \underset{x}{y} $$
$$ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=} $$
```
`\overset{top}{base}` places annotation above base; `\underset{bot}{base}` below. `\stackrel` is an alias for `\overset`.
### Overbrace and Underbrace
```
$$ \overbrace{a + b + c}^{3 \text{ terms}} $$
$$ \underbrace{x + y + z}_{n \text{ terms}} $$
```
### Primes
```
$$ f'(x) \quad f''(x) \quad f'''(x) \quad f^{(n)}(x) $$
```
### Math Fonts
`\mathbf{v}` → bold, `\mathbb{R}` → blackboard bold (ℕℤℚℝℂ), `\mathcal{L}` → calligraphic, `\mathfrak{R}` → Fraktur (𝔄𝔅ℭ), `\mathsf{A}` → sans-serif (𝖠𝖡𝖢), `\mathscr{A}` → script (same as \mathcal), `\boldsymbol{\alpha}` → bold (works with Greek: 𝛂𝛃, and symbols: `\boldsymbol{\nabla}` → 𝛁, `\boldsymbol{\partial}` → 𝛛)
### Dots and Ellipses
`\ldots` (low dots, for commas), `\cdots` (centered, for operators), `\vdots` (vertical), `\ddots` (diagonal, for matrices)
### Summation
```
$$ \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i $$
```
`\Sum` and `\SUM` give progressively larger variants.
### Products
```
$$ \prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i $$
```
`\Prod` and `\PROD` give larger variants.
### Integrals
```
$$ \int_a^b f(x) \, dx $$
$$ \iint f(x,y) \, dx\,dy $$
$$ \oint_C f(z) \, dz $$
```
Also: `\iiint`, `\oiint`. Larger variants: `\Int`, `\INT`, etc.
### Limits
`\lim` places its subscript directly below:
```
$$ \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 1 $$
$$ \max_{x \in [0,1]} f(x) $$
$$ \argmax_{\theta} L(\theta) $$
```
### Calculus Operators
```
$$ \frac{dy}{dx} \quad \frac{d^2y}{dx^2} \quad \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} $$
$$ \nabla f \quad \nabla \cdot \mathbf{F} \quad \nabla \times \mathbf{F} \quad \nabla^2 f $$
```
### Matrices
Six types with different delimiters. `&` separates columns, `\\` or `;` separates rows.
LaTeX-style `\begin{pmatrix}...\end{pmatrix}` also works for all matrix types.
```
$$ \pmatrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % (parentheses)
$$ \bmatrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % [brackets]
$$ \Bmatrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % {braces}
$$ \vmatrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % |bars| (determinants)
$$ \Vmatrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % ‖double bars‖ (norms)
$$ \matrix{a & b \\ c & d} $$ % no delimiters
```
### Cases (Piecewise Functions)
```
$$f(x) = \cases{
x & \text{if } x > 0 \\
0 & \text{if } x = 0 \\
-x & \text{if } x < 0
}$$
```
### Aligned Equations
`&` marks the alignment point:
```
$$\aligned{
f(x) &= x^2 + 2x + 1 \\
&= (x + 1)^2
}$$
```
Use `\intertext{...}` inside aligned to insert prose between rows. Intertext is left-aligned at the document margin while equations remain centered:
```
$$\aligned{
x &= a \\
\intertext{where}
a &= b + c
}$$
```
`\tag` works on aligned blocks — the tag is right-justified and vertically centered:
```
$$\aligned{
f(x) &= x^2 + 2x + 1 \\
&= (x + 1)^2
} \tag{7}$$
```
### Boxed
```
$$ \boxed{E = mc^2} $$
```
Draws a box-drawing frame around the content.
### Phantom
```
$$ a + \phantom{bbb} + c $$
```
Invisible placeholder — renders as whitespace with the same dimensions as the content.
### Smash
```
$$ \sqrt{\smash{y^3}} $$
```
`\smash{content}` renders content but collapses its height to a single line (the baseline row). Used to prevent tall content from affecting surrounding constructs like roots or delimiters.
### Substack
```
$$ \sum_{\substack{i=1 \\ j>0}} x_{ij} $$
```
Stacks multiple lines vertically (for multi-line subscripts/superscripts).
### Tag
```
$$ E = mc^2 \tag{1} $$
```
Equation tag rendered as `(text)`.
### Number Theory
```
$$ a \equiv b \pmod{n} $$
$$ a \bmod n \quad a \mid b $$
$$ \binom{n}{k} $$
```
### Style Commands (No-ops)
`\displaystyle`, `\textstyle`, `\scriptstyle`, `\scriptscriptstyle` are accepted but transparent (Hyades has no math size concept). `\notag` and `\nonumber` are also silently ignored. This allows pasting LaTeX source that uses these commands without errors.
### Math Spacing
`\!` (negative thin), `\,` (thin), `\:` (medium), `\;` (thick), `\quad` (1em), `\qquad` (2em)
### Atom-Type Overrides (\mathord, \mathbin, \mathrel)
Override the default spacing category of a symbol. Analogous to TeX's `{=}` idiom for suppressing operator spacing, but explicit and readable:
```
$a \mathord{=} b$ %% "a=b" — = treated as ordinary symbol (no spacing)
$a = b$ %% "a = b" — default relation spacing
$f \mathrel{:} A \to B$ %% "f : A → B" — : treated as relation (symmetric spacing)
$a : b$ %% "a: b" — default punctuation spacing
$a \mathbin{\triangle} b$ %% "a △ b" — triangle with binary operator spacing
```
- `\mathord{X}`: Suppress spacing — X renders as an ordinary symbol with no surrounding gaps. Use this instead of TeX's `{=}` or `{}=` idiom which does not work in Hyades.
- `\mathbin{X}`: Force binary operator spacing (gap on both sides).
- `\mathrel{X}`: Force relation spacing (gap on both sides).
### Binary Operators
`\oplus`, `\otimes`, `\odot`, `\circ`, `\bullet`, `\star`, `\dagger`, `\ddagger`
### Geometry
`\angle`, `\triangle`, `\perp`, `\parallel`
### Famous Equations (all valid input)
```
$$ x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} $$ %% Quadratic formula
$$ e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0 $$ %% Euler's identity
$$ f(x) = \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{(x-\mu)^2}{2\sigma^2}} $$ %% Normal distribution
$$ \fn{Attention}(Q, K, V) = \fn{softmax}\left(\frac{QK^\top}{\sqrt{d_k}}\right) V $$ %% Attention mechanism
$$ e^x = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n!} $$ %% Taylor series
$$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2} dx = \sqrt{\pi} $$ %% Gaussian integral
$$ P(A|B) = \frac{P(B|A) P(A)}{P(B)} $$ %% Bayes' theorem
$$ \nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t} $$ %% Maxwell's equation
$$ i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Psi = \hat{H} \Psi $$ %% Schrodinger equation
$$ \fn{softmax}(x_i) = \frac{e^{x_i}}{\sum_j e^{x_j}} $$ %% Softmax
```
---
## Text Formatting
```
\textbf{bold text}
\textit{italic text}
\texttt{monospace text}
\textbf{\textit{bold italic}}
```
Nesting `\textbf` and `\textit` produces bold-italic text.
Inline math `$...$` inside `\textit` or `\textbf` is rendered as math (not styled as text):
```
\textit{Let $f(x) = x^2$ be a function}
```
### Verbatim (No Processing)
```
\verb|raw \commands { } are preserved|
```
### Special Characters
`\textbackslash` → \, `\textdollar` → $, `\textpercent` → %, `\textampersand` → &, `\texthash` → #
### Text Spacing Commands
`\ ` (backslash-space) — explicit inter-word space. Useful after abbreviations: `i.e.\ $f$` renders without extra sentence spacing.
`\@` — marks the next period as sentence-ending (silently consumed).
`\,` — thin space (works in both text and math mode).
---
## Paragraphs and Line Breaking
Text flows into paragraphs automatically. A single newline is a space; a blank line starts a new paragraph.
### Line-Breaking Modes
```
\linebreaker{greedy} % Default. Fast, good results.
\linebreaker{knuth} % TeX-style optimal. Minimizes ugliness.
\linebreaker{raggedright} % Left-aligned, no justification.
```
### Hyphenation
`\sethyphenate{true}` / `\sethyphenate{false}`
---
## Tables
Tables use `\table` with nested `\row` and `\col`:
```
\table[width:40, frame:single, pad:{l:1,r:1}]{
\row[frame:{b:double}]{
\col{Name}
\col{Value}
}
\row{
\col{Alpha}
\col{0.05}
}
\row{
\col{Beta}
\col{0.95}
}
}
```
### Table Properties
| Property | Values | Default |
|----------|--------|---------|
| `width` / `w` | number, `auto` | parent width |
| `frame` / `f` | `none`, `dotted`, `single`, `rounded`, `double`, `bold` | `single` |
| `border` | same as frame (outer edges only) | unset |
| `pad` / `p` | number or `{t:N, b:N, l:N, r:N}` | 0 |
| `align` / `a` | `l`/`left`, `c`/`center`, `r`/`right` | `l` |
| `valign` / `va` | `t`/`top`, `m`/`middle`, `b`/`bottom` | `t` |
Row properties: `frame`, `pad`, `align`, `valign`, `height`.
Column properties: `width`, `align`, `valign`, `frame`, `pad`, `span`, `reset`.
Frame styles: `none` (space), `dotted` (┄┆), `single` (─│), `rounded` (╭╮╰╯ corners), `double` (═║), `bold` (━┃)
Compound edges: `frame:{t:double, b:single, l:none, r:none}`, `pad:{l:1, r:1}`
Properties cascade: table → column (down rows) → row → cell.
IMPORTANT: When a row overrides a property (e.g. `frame:{b:double}`), that override is inherited by ALL subsequent rows. To stop it, the next row must explicitly reset it (e.g. `frame:{b:single}`). The `border` property on the table level controls the outer edges and cannot be overridden by row or column `frame`.
---
## Lists
```
\fancylist{
- First item
- Second item with longer text that
wraps to the next line
- Third item
- Nested child
- Grandchild
}
```
Three nesting levels supported. Uses ●/○ bullets in Unicode, - in ASCII.
---
## Layout Primitives
Flex-like box model for spatial control.
### Box Types
```
\begin[width]{hbox} % horizontal (side by side)
\child[width][align]{content}
\end{hbox}
\begin[top|middle|bottom]{hbox} % hbox with vertical alignment
\child[width][align]{content}
\end{hbox}
\begin[width]{vbox} % vertical (stacked)
\child[width][align]{content}
\end{vbox}
```
Child width: fixed number, `auto` (fill remaining), `intrinsic` (natural width), or omitted (equal share).
When multiple children omit width, they split the remaining space equally (after fixed-width children).
Horizontal alignment: `left`, `center`, `right`.
Vertical alignment for hbox: set on `\begin` bracket — `top` (default), `middle`, `bottom`.
Width inheritance: boxes without an explicit width inherit their parent's width. `\setwidth{N}` sets the document-level width.
### Rules
```
\hrule[width]{left_cap}{fill_char}{right_cap}
\vrule[height]{top}{fill}{bottom}
\intersect_rules{...} % fix junction characters at rule crossings
```
Width/height can be a number or `auto`. An `auto`-width `\hrule` in a vbox stretches to the box width. An `auto`-height `\vrule` in an hbox stretches to match the tallest sibling.
`\intersect_rules` scans all cells, checks neighboring line arms, and replaces with correct junction glyphs (┌ ┬ ┐ ├ ┼ ┤ └ ┴ ┘). Handles single, double, bold, and mixed styles.
### Measuring Content
```
\measure<content_name,width_var,height_var>{content to measure}
```
Renders content invisibly, stores it under `content_name` (retrieve with `\recall<content_name>`), and stores the measured width and height into integer variables.
### Spacing
`\vskip{N}` (N blank lines), `\hskip{N}` (N spaces)
### Common Layout Patterns
Two-column with gutter:
```
\begin{hbox}
\child{Left column}
\child[2]{}
\child{Right column}
\end{hbox}
```
Centering via auto spacers:
```
\begin{hbox}
\child[auto]{}
\child[intrinsic]{Centered content}
\child[auto]{}
\end{hbox}
```
Indentation:
```
\begin{hbox}
\child[4]{}
\child[auto]{Indented content}
\end{hbox}
```
---
## User-Defined Macros
```
\macro<\greet{name}>{Hello, ${name}!}
\greet{World} % → Hello, World!
\macro<\fullname{first}{last}>{${first} ${last}}
\fullname{John}{Doe} % → John Doe
% Optional parameters with defaults
\macro<\heading[char=-]{title}>{
${title}
\hrule[20]{}{${char}}{}
}
\heading{Default} % uses -
\heading[char:=]{Custom} % uses =
```
---
## Document Settings
```
\setwidth{80} % Output width in columns (default: 80)
\setunicode{true} % Use Unicode symbols (default: true)
\setmathitalic{true} % Italicize math variables (default: true)
\linebreaker{greedy} % Line-breaking algorithm
\sethyphenate{true} % Enable hyphenation
\setparskip{1} % Blank lines between paragraphs
\setmathabove{1} % Blank lines above display math (default: 0)
\setmathbelow{1} % Blank lines below display math (default: 0)
```
---
## Computation
Variables, loops, and conditionals are available.
### Variables and Arithmetic
```
\let<x>{10}
\let<y>{20}
\let<sum>{\add{\valueof<x>,\valueof<y>}}
Result: \valueof<sum> % → Result: 30
```
### Conditionals
```
\let<n>{42}
\if{\gt{\valueof<n>,0}}{positive}\else{non-positive}
```
### Loops
```
\let<i>{1}
\begin{loop}
\exit_when{\gt{\valueof<i>,5}}
\valueof<i>\hskip{1}
\inc<i>
\end{loop}
% Output: 1 2 3 4 5
```
### Content Storage
`\assign<name>{content}` stores text, `\recall<name>` retrieves it.
`\let`/`\valueof` is for integers; `\assign`/`\recall` is for text.
### Lambdas
```
\lambda<double>[x]{\mul{\recall<x>,2}}
\recall<double>[5] % → 10
```
### Arrays
```
\let<nums[]>{[10, 20, 30]}
\valueof<nums>[0] % → 10
\len<nums> % → 3
\push<nums>{40} % append
```
---
## Quick Reference
### Math Mode
| Input | Output |
|-------|--------|
| `$x^2$` | x² |
| `$x_i$` | xᵢ |
| `$\frac{a}{b}$` | a/b (stacked) |
| `$\sqrt{x}$` | √x |
| `$\sum_{i=1}^n$` | Σ with limits |
| `$\int_a^b$` | ∫ with limits |
| `$\prod_{i=1}^n$` | ∏ with limits |
| `$\lim_{x \to 0}$` | lim with subscript below |
| `$\limsup_{n}$` | lim sup with subscript below |
| `$\liminf_{n}$` | lim inf with subscript below |
| `$\alpha, \beta, \gamma$` | α, β, γ |
| `$\mathbb{R}$` | ℝ |
| `$\mathbf{v}$` | 𝐯 |
| `$\leq, \geq, \neq$` | ≤, ≥, ≠ |
| `$\in, \forall, \exists$` | ∈, ∀, ∃ |
| `$\rightarrow, \Rightarrow$` | →, ⇒ |
| `$\infty, \partial, \nabla$` | ∞, ∂, ∇ |
| `$f'(x)$` | 𝑓′(𝑥) |
| `$\binom{n}{k}$` | binomial coefficient |
| `$\lfloor x \rfloor$` | ⌊x⌋ |
| `$\fn{name}$` | custom function name |
| `$\operatorname{name}$` | same as \fn |
| `$\text{words}$` | upright text in math |
| `$\ll, \gg$` | ≪, ≫ |
| `$\mathord{=}$` | suppress operator spacing |
| `$\mathbin{:}$` | force binary operator spacing |
| `$\mathrel{:}$` | force relation spacing |
| `$\prec, \succ$` | ≺, ≻ |
| `$\neg, \land, \lor$` | ¬, ∧, ∨ |
| `$\subseteq, \setminus$` | ⊆, ∖ |
| `$\mid$` | ∣ (divides) |
| `$\therefore, \because$` | ∴, ∵ |
| `$\wp, \imath, \jmath$` | ℘, ı, ȷ |
| `$\Box$` | □ |
| `$\not=$` | ≠ (\not prefix negates relations) |
| `$\left.\right\|$` | invisible delimiter (evaluation bar) |
| `$\overset{n}{=}$` | annotation above base |
| `$\underset{x}{y}$` | annotation below base |
| `$\boxed{x}$` | framed box around content |
| `$\phantom{x}$` | invisible spacer |
| `$\smash{x}$` | collapse height to baseline |
| `$\xrightarrow{f}$` | extensible arrow with label |
| `$\substack{a \\ b}$` | stacked lines |
| `$\mathfrak{R}$` | Fraktur (𝔄𝔅ℭ) |
| `$\mathsf{A}$` | sans-serif (𝖠𝖡𝖢) |
| `$\boldsymbol{\alpha}$` | bold Greek (𝛂𝛃) |
| `$\coloneqq$` | ≔ (definition) |
| `$\eqqcolon$` | ≕ (reverse definition) |
| `$a := b$` | ≔ (combined relation) |
### Text Commands
| Command | Effect |
|---------|--------|
| `\textbf{x}` | **bold** |
| `\textit{x}` | *italic* |
| `\texttt{x}` | monospace |
| `\verb\|x\|` | verbatim |
| `\hrule` | horizontal line |
| `\vskip{N}` | N blank lines |
| `\hskip{N}` | N spaces |
### Table Syntax
```
\table[width:W, frame:STYLE, pad:{l:L,r:R}, border:STYLE, align:A]{
\row[frame:{b:STYLE}]{
\col[width:N, align:A]{content}
}
}
```
### Layout Syntax
```
\begin[width]{vbox}
\child[width][h_align]{content}
\end{vbox}
\begin[top|middle|bottom]{hbox}
\child[width][h_align]{content}
\end{hbox}
```
### Settings
```
\setwidth{N} \setunicode{true|false}
\setmathitalic{true} \linebreaker{greedy|knuth|raggedright}
\sethyphenate{true} \setparskip{N}
\setmathabove{N} \setmathbelow{N}
```