mcp-server-eia

An MCP server that exposes the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Open Data API v2 to LLM clients. It provides a small set of generic, composable tools that mirror the API's uniform tree structure (browse → discover facets → query data), giving agents full coverage of all 17 EIA datasets — electricity, natural gas, petroleum, coal, nuclear outages, CO2 emissions, renewables, and the energy outlooks (AEO/IEO/STEO) — without hard-coding hundreds of endpoints.

Tools

Related MCP server: solar-mcp

How the EIA API is shaped

The API is a recursive tree. A GET on a route path returns either child routes (an intermediate node) or leaf metadata (a queryable dataset). The typical workflow is:

1. eia_browse_routes(route="") — list top-level datasets.

2. Drill down, e.g. eia_browse_routes(route="electricity/retail-sales") — read the valid data_columns, frequencies, and facet ids.

3. eia_list_facets / eia_get_facet_options — find valid filter values.

4. eia_get_data(...) — retrieve the numbers.

Conventions

• Routes are slash paths without a v2/ prefix, e.g. electricity/retail-sales.

• Date formats depend on frequency: 2020 (annual), 2020-01 (monthly), 2020-01-01 (daily), 2020-01-01T00 (hourly).

• Facets are passed as {facet_id: [values]}; sort as [{"column": ..., "direction": "asc"|"desc"}].

• Pagination: length (page size, max 5000) and offset. Reuse the next_offset returned by the previous eia_get_data response.

Requirements

• Python >=3.14

• uv for dependency management

• A free EIA API key: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/register.php

Setup

uv sync

Authentication

Set the EIA_API_KEY environment variable, or create a .env file in the project root (loaded automatically at startup; .env is gitignored):

EIA_API_KEY=your_key_here

Running

uv run python -m eia_mcp.app

• With no port env var set, the server runs over stdio (for Claude Desktop, Claude Code, and other local MCP clients).

• If PORT or DATABRICKS_APP_PORT is set, it runs over streamable HTTP on that port, serving MCP at the fixed path /mcp and a GET /health readiness endpoint. This is the mode the container image uses.

Container / gateway-hosted deployment

The included Dockerfile builds an image that serves MCP over streamable HTTP at :8080/mcp (health at /health) — the contract the GSA Obot MCP gateway expects for a containerized server.

docker build -t mcp-server-eia .
docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 -e EIA_API_KEY=your_key_here mcp-server-eia
curl -s localhost:8080/health   # {"status":"healthy","service":"mcp-server-eia"}

Publish a public, version-pinned image for the gateway to pull:

./scripts/build-and-push.sh          # tags ghcr.io/gsa-tts/mcp-server-eia:<version>

The gateway's Docker runtime pulls without registry auth, so the image must be publicly pullable. Set the GHCR package visibility to public after the first push.

Authentication model

This server deals with two distinct credentials on two different hops — do not conflate them:

Because the gateway owns transport auth and each user's key is isolated per instance, the server intentionally sets no FastMCP auth provider — it assumes zero transport-authentication responsibility.

If this server is ever deployed as a remote server (a public URL reachable independently of the gateway), the MCP endpoint would be unauthenticated. In that case add a FastMCP server-side JWTVerifier validating the gateway/SSO issuer (contingent on that issuer exposing a JWKS endpoint) — not OAuthProxy/OAuthProvider. Keeping the server containerized (gateway-guarded) avoids this.

Example MCP client config (stdio)

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "eia": {
      "command": "uv",
      "args": ["run", "python", "-m", "eia_mcp.app"],
      "cwd": "/path/to/mcp-server-eia",
      "env": { "EIA_API_KEY": "your_key_here" }
    }
  }
}

Project layout

src/eia_mcp/
├── app.py                    # FastMCP init, instructions, transport selection
├── routes.py                 # HTTP health-check route
├── utils.py                  # API key, URL building, param encoding, HTTP client, errors
└── tools/
    ├── __init__.py           # register_tools(mcp): wires up all tools
    ├── browse_routes.py      # eia_browse_routes
    ├── list_facets.py        # eia_list_facets
    ├── get_facet_options.py  # eia_get_facet_options
    └── get_data.py           # eia_get_data
Dockerfile                    # containerized deployment (:8080/mcp, /health)
scripts/build-and-push.sh     # build + push public GHCR image for the gateway
docs/eia-api-swagger/         # EIA API v2 OpenAPI/Swagger reference

Each tool lives in its own file and exposes a register(mcp) function; new tools are added by dropping a file in tools/ and registering it in tools/__init__.py.

Data source & attribution

Data is retrieved live from the U.S. Energy Information Administration Open Data API. See the EIA API terms of service for usage and attribution requirements.