MCP Gateway

One gateway between your AI and every tool it needs, without flooding the context window.

MCP Gateway is a single Rust binary that sits between an AI client and all of its tools. Connect any number of MCP servers and REST APIs behind it, and the agent sees only a compact meta-surface of 14 to 16 tools instead of hundreds of tool definitions. It discovers and calls the right backend tool on demand. On a 100-tool stack that is about 89% less context-token overhead per request in the README benchmark, and the answer to "how many tools can I connect" becomes "unlimited."

Personal and noncommercial use is free, including running the full gateway. Running it commercially needs a commercial license, and only a small MIT core of generic building blocks is MIT-licensed.

The problem this removes

Every MCP tool an AI client connects costs roughly 150 tokens of context overhead, loaded into every request whether the tool gets used or not. Connect 20 servers with 100 tools between them and you spend about 15,000 tokens before the conversation starts. Context limits then force a second cost: you have to decide up front which tools to connect and leave the rest out, so the agent makes worse decisions because it cannot reach data you chose not to load.

MCP Gateway removes both costs. The agent loads a small fixed set of meta-tools, searches the full catalog with gateway_search_tools, and invokes any backend tool with gateway_invoke only when it needs it.

flowchart LR
    AI["AI client<br/>(Claude, Cursor, ...)"]
    subgraph GW["MCP Gateway (single binary)"]
        META["Compact meta-surface<br/>14-16 tools"]
        DISC{"Discover on demand<br/>gateway_search_tools<br/>gateway_invoke"}
    end
    T1["MCP backend<br/>Tavily (stdio)"]
    T2["MCP backend<br/>Context7 (http)"]
    C1["REST capability<br/>GitHub"]
    C2["REST capability<br/>Stripe"]
    Cn["110+ capabilities"]

    AI -->|"14-16 tool defs"| META
    META --> DISC
    DISC --> T1
    DISC --> T2
    DISC --> C1
    DISC --> C2
    DISC --> Cn

Related MCP server: MCP Gateway

Quick Start

Four commands:

brew trust --tap MikkoParkkola/tap   # Homebrew 6.0+
brew install MikkoParkkola/tap/mcp-gateway   # 1. install
mcp-gateway setup wizard --configure-client  # 2. import existing servers + wire up clients
mcp-gateway serve                            # 3. run
mcp-gateway doctor                           # 4. verify everything is healthy

That is it. Your AI clients now talk to the gateway, and the gateway routes to every backend you already had configured, at a flat ~15 tools instead of ~150. Start with gateway_search_tools from your AI client to find any backend tool, then invoke it with gateway_invoke.

Nothing to import yet? mcp-gateway init --with-examples writes a working gateway.yaml with public capabilities so you can confirm the gateway is alive before adding your own servers.

Or tell your AI assistant (recommended):

Read https://github.com/MikkoParkkola/mcp-gateway and install mcp-gateway to consolidate all my MCP servers behind one gateway

Your agent will install the binary, run the setup wizard, import your existing MCP servers, and wire itself up. This works in Claude Code, Cursor, Windsurf, Codex, and any AI with terminal access.

Install

# macOS Apple Silicon
curl -L https://github.com/MikkoParkkola/mcp-gateway/releases/latest/download/mcp-gateway-darwin-arm64 -o mcp-gateway && chmod +x mcp-gateway

# macOS Intel
curl -L https://github.com/MikkoParkkola/mcp-gateway/releases/latest/download/mcp-gateway-darwin-x86_64 -o mcp-gateway && chmod +x mcp-gateway

# Linux x86_64
curl -L https://github.com/MikkoParkkola/mcp-gateway/releases/latest/download/mcp-gateway-linux-x86_64 -o mcp-gateway && chmod +x mcp-gateway

# Windows x64 (PowerShell)
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://github.com/MikkoParkkola/mcp-gateway/releases/latest/download/mcp-gateway-windows-x86_64.exe -OutFile mcp-gateway.exe

Set up, three ways

Option A: auto-import everything (recommended)

mcp-gateway setup wizard --configure-client

Scans Claude Desktop, Claude Code, Cursor, Zed, Continue.dev, Codex, and running MCP processes; lets you pick which servers to import into gateway.yaml; previews the gateway entry; writes it into each detected client config; verifies the write; and prints backup and rollback paths when an existing client config changes. Add --yes to skip the prompts and import everything.

Option B: add servers from the built-in registry

48 popular MCP servers are pre-registered with the right command, args, and env-var template. mcp-gateway add is compatible with claude mcp add and codex mcp add:

mcp-gateway add tavily                                       # known server, fills env vars
mcp-gateway add my-server -- npx -y @some/mcp-server --flag  # arbitrary stdio command
mcp-gateway add --url https://mcp.sentry.dev/mcp sentry      # HTTP server
mcp-gateway add -e API_KEY=xxx my-server -- npx my-mcp-server

mcp-gateway list shows what is configured. mcp-gateway remove <name> removes one.

Option C: hand-write gateway.yaml

For the full schema reference, see docs/QUICKSTART.md#configuration. Minimal example:

server:
  port: 39400

meta_mcp:
  enabled: true

backends:
  tavily:
    command: "npx -y @anthropic/mcp-server-tavily"
    description: "Web search"
    env:
      TAVILY_API_KEY: "${TAVILY_API_KEY}"

  sentry:
    http_url: "https://mcp.sentry.dev/mcp"
    description: "Sentry issues"

Run and verify

mcp-gateway serve                  # start the gateway
mcp-gateway doctor                 # diagnose config, port, env vars, backend health
mcp-gateway doctor --fix           # auto-fix issues where possible

The web dashboard is at http://localhost:39400/ui once serve is running.

Connect AI clients (if you skipped Option A)

setup export writes the gateway entry into client config files for you. It auto-detects the right path per client:

mcp-gateway setup export --target all --dry-run       # preview without writing
mcp-gateway setup export --target all                 # write, back up, verify
mcp-gateway setup export --target claude-code         # one client
mcp-gateway setup export --target all --watch         # regenerate on gateway.yaml changes
mcp-gateway setup export --rollback <backup-file>     # restore one client config

Existing client files are backed up before mutation. The command prints the exact rollback command beside each updated client.

Modes: --mode proxy (HTTP), --mode stdio (subprocess), --mode auto (probe the health endpoint, then fall back).

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "gateway": {
      "type": "http",
      "url": "http://localhost:39400/mcp"
    }
  }
}

Why use MCP Gateway?

• About 89% less context overhead. In the README benchmark, 100 backend tools cost roughly 1,600 tokens instead of 15,000, because the agent only loads the tools it uses this turn. Numbers are reproducible; see Benchmarks.

• Unlimited tools, discovered on demand. No more choosing which servers fit the budget. The agent searches (gateway_search_tools) and invokes (gateway_invoke) tools as it needs them.

• Add any REST API in minutes. Drop in a YAML file or import an OpenAPI spec with mcp-gateway cap import. 110+ capabilities ship built in.

• Per-user identity to backends. Multitenant backends can receive the verified end-user identity with no gateway-stored long-lived credential. See Multitenant identity.

• Secure by construction. A tool-poisoning validator scans every backend tool description before it reaches the agent, SHA-256 pinning with rug-pull detection protects each capability, and the OWASP Agentic AI Top 10 is covered 10 out of 10. The whole binary is #![forbid(unsafe_code)], with optional mTLS, message signing, and agent identity.

• Swap your MCP stack without losing your session. Hot-reload backends and config in about 8ms while the AI stays connected. No restart, no lost context.

• Production resilience. Circuit breakers, retries with backoff, rate limiting, and health checks keep one flaky server from taking down the whole toolchain.

• Dual protocol. MCP plus an A2A (agent-to-agent) transport adapter, so the same gateway routes tool calls and cross-provider agent messages.

What MCP Gateway is, and what it is not

MCP Gateway is a tool and capability router. It routes MCP tool, resource, and prompt traffic to backend MCP servers and to capability-backed REST APIs, and it can proxy MCP server-to-client requests like sampling/createMessage, elicitation/create, and roots/list back to the connected client over the existing session.

It is not a chat-completions or embeddings proxy. When a backend asks for sampling/createMessage, the connected client performs the model call, not the gateway. The OpenAI-compatible prompt-cache helpers exist for one narrow reason: so gateway_invoke can preserve prompt_cache_key behavior for backends that call LLM APIs internally. That boundary is deliberate. The value here is routing hundreds of tools through a small surface, not sitting in the model path.

Compared with the default approach of loading every tool definition into every request, the gateway trades a one-time discovery hop for a flat, small context cost. Compared with generic transport bridges that expose one server at a time, it aggregates many backends behind one namespaced surface with integrity checks, ranking, and per-user identity.

Multitenant identity

A multitenant backend (email, memory, calendar) that runs its own OIDC normally sees only "the gateway," so it cannot enforce per-user access or produce a per-user audit trail. mcp-gateway propagates the verified end-user identity to the backend through one of three configured strategies. It can mint a short-lived gateway-signed assertion, forward the caller's own token, or run an RFC 8693 token exchange for OAuth-native backends. It keeps no long-lived credential for anyone. A backend marked required fails closed rather than serve a shared key when no verified identity is present, and per-user results stay isolated in the cache. See ADR-007, ADR-008, and docs/UPGRADING-3.0.md. For the full propagation sequence, each strategy's wiring, the safety invariants, and the 2.x upgrade path, see What is new in v3.1.0: end-user identity to backends.

Independent reviews

• Five MCP hot-reload tools compared: Ruach Tov Collective's BPD-based comparison of mcp-gateway against four restart-focused alternatives, with a feature matrix and architectural analysis.

• mcp-gateway deep dive: a walkthrough of the capability system, SHA-256 integrity pinning, and the v2.5 to v2.9 development arc.

Quantitative claims in this README are sourced from docs/BENCHMARKS.md and the machine-readable benchmarks/public_claims.json, with a CI check that fails on drift. The public Trust Fabric plan is tracked in docs/roadmap/mik-6550-trust-fabric-roadmap.md.

Why the token math matters

Every MCP tool you connect costs about 150 tokens of context overhead. Connect 20 servers with 100 tools and you have burned roughly 15,000 tokens before the first message, on definitions the AI probably will not use this turn. Worse, context limits force you to choose which tools to connect at all, so the agent makes weaker decisions because the right data is out of reach.

The gateway exposes 14 tools minimum, 16 in the README benchmark scenario, 17 when webhook status is surfaced. The base discovery quartet stays fixed; the rest are operator helpers for stats, cost, playbooks, profile control, disabled-capability visibility, reload, and webhook status.

Security

Connecting N MCP servers to an agent means accepting N attack surfaces. Tool poisoning, rug pulls, and exfiltration through hidden instructions in tool descriptions are demonstrated attacks, not hypotheticals. Invariant Labs' writeup (MCP Security Notification: Tool Poisoning Attacks) and Simon Willison's summary (MCP has prompt injection security problems) lay out the threat model.

mcp-gateway puts every backend tool description behind one audit surface and defends it structurally:

• Tool-poisoning validator (AX-010). Every backend tool description is scanned before it reaches the agent's context window. HIGH patterns fail closed: <IMPORTANT> blocks, ~/.ssh/~/.aws/id_rsa/.env//etc/passwd, sidenote exfiltration language, curl .* https?://, and base64 in an exfil context. MEDIUM patterns warn: 40+ consecutive spaces, zero-width or bidi-override Unicode, and oversized descriptions. Implementation: src/validator/rules/tool_poisoning.rs (19 tests).

• SHA-256 capability hash-pinning. mcp-gateway cap pin <file> writes a sha256: line over the file's canonical hash (grep -v '^sha256:' capability.yaml | sha256sum reproduces it from any shell). The loader refuses any mismatched file on load and on every watcher event.

• Rug-pull detection. When a pinned capability's on-disk content changes after approval, the watcher unloads it and logs RUG-PULL DETECTED. The capability stays quarantined until an operator re-pins it. Implementation: src/capability/hash.rs and detect_rug_pulls in src/capability/backend.rs.

• Centralized audit surface. Capability YAMLs are plain text: diffable, greppable, and reviewable in a PR. The agent only ever sees the compact meta-surface, so there is no N-server tool-list pollution and no N-server attack surface.

Full walkthrough, PoC snippets, and roadmap: docs/blog/security-aware-mcp-gateway.md.

• OWASP Agentic AI Top 10. Controls are covered across all 10 ASI risks at the gateway boundary, with hardening follow-ups tracked separately for SBOMs, release signing, live remote attestation discovery, multi-gateway signing, SQL-sink defaults, and collusion detection. See docs/OWASP_AGENTIC_AI_COMPLIANCE.md.

Recent additions

• OpenAPI importer. mcp-gateway cap import <spec-url-or-file> turns an OpenAPI 3 spec into one validated capability YAML per operation. The full Swagger Petstore spec becomes 19 validated capability YAMLs end to end:

  mcp-gateway cap import https://petstore3.swagger.io/api/v3/openapi.json --output capabilities/ --prefix petstore

  22 tests across src/capability/openapi.rs and tests/openapi_import_tests.rs.

Architecture

flowchart TB
    subgraph GW["MCP Gateway (:39400)"]
        META["Meta-MCP surface: 14-16 tools<br/>gateway_list_servers · gateway_list_tools<br/>gateway_search_tools · gateway_invoke"]
        FS["Failsafes: circuit breaker · retry · rate limit"]
        META --> FS
    end
    FS --> B1["Tavily<br/>(stdio)"]
    FS --> B2["Context7<br/>(http)"]
    FS --> B3["Pieces<br/>(sse)"]
    FS --> B4["REST capabilities<br/>(110+)"]

Single-binary gateway. An AI client talks to the compact meta-surface, and the gateway dynamically discovers and routes to backend tools. Key modules: gateway/ (core router, OAuth, streaming, UI), provider/ (MCP/composite/capability), capability/ (discovery, validation), transport/ (HTTP, stdio), security/ (firewall, mTLS, message signing, agent identity, memory scanner), identity_propagation/, key_server/, cost_accounting/, scheduler/, skills/, tool_profiles/, config_reload/, and a2a/ (A2A transport adapter).

Features

Web dashboard

Embedded web UI at /ui: live status, searchable tools, server health, a read-only control-plane view, and a config viewer. Operator dashboard at /dashboard. Cost tracking at /ui#costs. All served from the same binary and port, with no frontend build step.

Security and governance

Integration and discovery

The gateway ships with 110+ built-in capabilities: weather, Wikipedia, GitHub, stock quotes, package tracking, and more. Capability YAMLs hot-reload automatically after file changes, no restart needed.

Protocol and transport

• MCP version: 2025-11-25 (latest spec)

• Transports: stdio, Streamable HTTP, SSE, WebSocket

• Hot reload: capability YAMLs plus reloadable gateway config sections are watched and reloaded live

• Reload outcomes: gateway_reload_config and /ui/api/reload return restart_required for listener changes (for example server.host or server.port); env_files list edits remain startup-only

• Config discovery: auto-finds gateway.yaml in cwd, ~/.config/mcp-gateway/, and /etc/mcp-gateway/

• "Did you mean?": Levenshtein-based typo correction on tool names

• Tool annotations: MCP 2025-11-25 title, readOnlyHint, destructiveHint, idempotentHint, openWorldHint; gateway meta-tools are fully annotated, while backend tools use the hybrid pass-through/fill policy in ADR-003

• Dynamic descriptions: live tool and server counts in meta-tool descriptions

• Tunnel mode: expose via Tailscale or pipenet without opening ports

• Shell completions: mcp-gateway completions bash|zsh|fish

• Spec preview (opt-in): filtered tools/list (SEP-1821), tools/resolve (SEP-1862), dynamic promotion

Supported backends

Any MCP-compliant server works. All three transport types are supported:

Remote MCP servers plug in by URL, with no extra code. See examples/gateway-full.yaml for a commented GitMCP backend entry and docs/REMOTE_BACKENDS.md for a step-by-step walkthrough.

Public MCP Gateway Comparison

This table compares public, user-facing behavior, not internal roadmap scoring. MCP Gateway entries are grounded in this repo's public docs: quickstart, deployment, OWASP controls, TrustCard/CBOM, CatalogTrustLab, adaptive ranking, and the Trust Fabric roadmap. Competitor entries are grounded in public project docs: Docker MCP Catalog and Toolkit, MCPJungle README, mcpo README, and Supergateway README.

vs Anthropic MCP tunnels

On 2026-05-19 Anthropic shipped Claude Managed Agents with self-hosted sandboxes (public beta) and MCP tunnels (research preview). An MCP tunnel lets a Claude agent reach a single MCP server inside a private network through one outbound connection from a lightweight gateway, with no inbound firewall rules, no public endpoint, and end-to-end encryption.

mcp-gateway and Anthropic's MCP tunnel sit at different layers and compose. The tunnel is reachability plumbing for one private MCP server. mcp-gateway is the aggregation, routing, capability-namespacing, and observability layer across many MCP and REST backends. Deploy both and mcp-gateway becomes the private MCP server that the tunnel exposes: one tunnel, one outbound connection, every backend behind it.

They solve adjacent problems. A team that wants Claude Managed Agents to reach a private-network deployment of mcp-gateway uses the tunnel for reachability and mcp-gateway for fan-out, capability hygiene, OWASP Agentic AI controls, and unified cost and trace telemetry.

API

Performance

SKILL.md / agentskills.io compatibility

MCP Gateway can ingest Agent Skills and Claude Code SKILL.md files and expose them as discoverable skills alongside capability YAML. This lets the gateway consume any SKILL.md, whether authored locally, shipped from agentskills.io, or pulled from a GitHub release, and surface it through the same meta-tool surface used for capabilities.

# Import a local skill directory (auto-discovers SKILL.md + resources/)
mcp-gateway skills import ~/.claude/skills/gws-gmail-send

# Import a single SKILL.md file
mcp-gateway skills import ./path/to/SKILL.md

# Import from an agentskills.io URL
mcp-gateway skills import https://agentskills.io/skills/my-skill/SKILL.md

# List imported skills
mcp-gateway skills list

# Search by name, description, trigger, or keyword
mcp-gateway skills search "gmail"

# Show the full body (including any embedded code blocks)
mcp-gateway skills show gws-gmail-send

# Remove a skill
mcp-gateway skills remove gws-gmail-send

What gets parsed

• YAML frontmatter (name, description, version, effort, allowed-tools, triggers, keywords)

• Markdown body, with fenced bash/python/json code blocks extracted as structured SkillCodeBlock entries

• Progressive-disclosure resources: SKILL.advanced.md, reference.md, README.md, and any resources/*.md files in the skill directory

Security model (read-only)

Imported skills are stored as data, not executed. Embedded bash or python blocks are parsed and surfaced to users and agents via skills show, but MCP Gateway will never run them automatically. A future release may add opt-in execution gated on per-skill user consent. To run a skill's commands today, copy them from skills show and run them in your own shell.

Registry location: ~/.mcp-gateway/skills.json (override with MCP_GATEWAY_SKILLS_REGISTRY or --registry).

Reference: Anthropic SKILL.md spec and agentskills.io.

Documentation

Troubleshooting

Backend will not connect? Test the command directly (npx -y @anthropic/mcp-server-tavily), then check gateway logs with --log-level debug.

Circuit breaker open? Check curl localhost:39400/health | jq '.backends'. Adjust thresholds in failsafe.circuit_breaker.

Tools not appearing? Verify the backend is running (gateway_list_servers). Tool lists are cached for 5 minutes.

Contributing

1. Fork and branch (git checkout -b feature/your-feature)

2. Test (cargo test) and lint (cargo fmt && cargo clippy -- -D warnings)

3. Open a PR against main with a clear description and a CHANGELOG entry

See CONTRIBUTING.md for full details. Look for good first issue or help wanted to get started.

Ecosystem

mcp-gateway is part of a suite of MCP tools:

License

mcp-gateway uses mixed, per-file licensing, and the default is Noncommercial.

If a file is not explicitly marked MIT, it is Noncommercial. The MIT core is a small set of simple, generic building blocks with no enterprise logic: the MCP protocol types, natural-language tool search, response shaping/transforms, the server design validator, the skills bridge, generic capability schema-validation and hashing, and the gateway-core primitives crate. The exact paths are in .mit-core-allowlist.

What this means:

• Personal and noncommercial use is free, including running the whole gateway.

• Running the gateway commercially requires a commercial license. The runnable gateway, covering dispatch, transport, backend management, identity, security, governance, is Noncommercial. The MIT core is building blocks, not a free-for-commercial gateway. See COMMERCIAL.md.

• Versions 3.0.0–3.2.1 were published with MIT metadata for code now licensed as Noncommercial from v3.3.0. Those copies stay MIT (a granted license cannot be revoked) but are deprecated. See NOTICE.md.

Full model: LICENSES.md.

Credits

Created by Mikko Parkkola. Implements Model Context Protocol version 2025-11-25.

Changelog | Releases