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Section 179 Deduction Calculator

Bonus depreciation rate and amount (168(k))

calculate_bonus_depreciation
Read-onlyIdempotent

Finds the special (bonus) depreciation rate under IRC 168(k) from the acquisition and placed-in-service dates and applies it after any Section 179 deduction. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act made it 100% permanently for property acquired after January 19, 2025 (written binding contract date), with an election to take 40% (60% for long production property and certain aircraft) in the first tax year ending after that date. Property acquired before January 20, 2025 keeps the TCJA phase-down: 40% if placed in service in 2025 (60% long production). Rules from IRS Notice 2026-11, the 2025 Form 4562 instructions and Pub. 946.

Input Schema

NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
elect_outNoTrue if you elect out of bonus depreciation for this class of property.
acquired_dateYesAcquisition date, YYYY-MM-DD. Use the date a written binding contract was signed if earlier than delivery.
depreciable_basisYesDepreciable basis (business share of cost) in USD.
elect_reduced_rateNoTrue to elect 40% (60%) instead of 100% for property acquired after Jan 19, 2025 and placed in service in the first tax year ending after that date.
section_179_deductionNoSection 179 amount already taken on this property; bonus applies to what is left.
placed_in_service_dateYesDate the property was placed in service, YYYY-MM-DD.
long_production_or_aircraftNoTrue for long production period property or certain noncommercial aircraft.

Schema Changelog

Changes observed during successful MCP inspections.

  1. First observed

TDQS

A3.7/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

Annotations already establish that this is a read-only, idempotent, non-destructive calculation. The description adds substantial behavioral context beyond annotations: the legal rule, effective dates, election effects, and the fact that bonus applies after any Section 179 deduction. It does not describe error behavior or return shape, but the core calculation behavior is well disclosed.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness4/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is dense but front-loaded: it first states what the tool does, then supplies the necessary legal and date-based context. The length is justified by the complexity of the tax rule, though some citations and statutory detail could be trimmed without losing call guidance.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

For a complex tax calculation with no output schema, the description provides enough legal context, effective dates, election behavior, and Section 179 interaction to call the tool correctly. It could be stronger by explicitly stating the return values or edge-case handling, but it is largely complete.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 100%, so all seven parameters are already documented in the input schema. The description reinforces key semantics such as written binding contract dates, reduced-rate elections, and Section 179 interaction, but it does not add much per-parameter meaning beyond what the schema already provides.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description states a specific verb and resource: it finds the IRC 168(k) bonus depreciation rate from acquisition and placed-in-service dates and applies it after Section 179. It is clearly distinct from a generic depreciation tool, though it does not explicitly name the sibling calculate_section_179 or vehicle-limit tools as alternatives.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines3/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description gives detailed conditions for when bonus depreciation applies, including acquisition dates, placed-in-service dates, elections, and long-production/aircraft exceptions. However, it does not explicitly say when to use this tool versus calculate_section_179 or get_vehicle_depreciation_limits, so routing guidance is only implied.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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