Openmeteo Get Historical
openmeteo_get_historicalRead-onlyIdempotent
Historical weather from the Open-Meteo reanalysis archive (1940–present). Requires start_date and end_date (ISO 8601 date, e.g., "2024-07-01"). With models omitted the archive answers from Best Match, which blends IFS HRES, ERA5, and ERA5-Land seamlessly — so the source varies by date and no single update lag describes the response. Set models to pin a consistent source for a multi-decade series: the ERA5 family updates daily with about a week of delay, while IFS HRES has none, so for the last week either request models: ["ecmwf_ifs"] or use openmeteo_get_forecast with past_days. Available models: best_match (default, blends IFS HRES + ERA5 + ERA5-Land), ecmwf_ifs (global 9 km, updated every 6 hours, no delay), ecmwf_ifs_analysis_long_window (global 9 km, daily, 2 days delay), era5_seamless (ERA5 and ERA5-Land combined), era5 (global 0.25° (~25 km), daily, about a week delay), era5_land (global 0.1° (~11 km), daily, about a week delay), era5_ensemble (global 0.5° (~55 km), daily, about a week delay), cerra (Europe only, 5 km, no real-time updates). Uses the same variable names as the forecast API for direct comparison. Large date ranges (multi-year hourly) produce thousands of records — these spill to a DataCanvas when canvas is enabled, returning canvas_id and table_name with truncated: true; inspect the staged columns with openmeteo_dataframe_describe, then query the full set with openmeteo_dataframe_query. With canvas disabled they return a bounded preview instead. At least one of hourly_variables or daily_variables is required.
Tool call template
Replace each placeholder with a value matching the input schema. Only required parameters are included; add optional parameters as needed.
{
"id": 1,
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "tools/call",
"params": {
"arguments": {
"latitude": "<latitude>",
"longitude": "<longitude>",
"start_date": "<start_date>",
"end_date": "<end_date>"
},
"name": "openmeteo_get_historical"
}
}Input Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| models | No | Archive models to read from: best_match (default, blends IFS HRES + ERA5 + ERA5-Land), ecmwf_ifs (global 9 km, updated every 6 hours, no delay), ecmwf_ifs_analysis_long_window (global 9 km, daily, 2 days delay), era5_seamless (ERA5 and ERA5-Land combined), era5 (global 0.25° (~25 km), daily, about a week delay), era5_land (global 0.1° (~11 km), daily, about a week delay), era5_ensemble (global 0.5° (~55 km), daily, about a week delay), cerra (Europe only, 5 km, no real-time updates). Omit to use Open-Meteo's Best Match default, which blends IFS HRES, ERA5, and ERA5-Land — pin a model instead when a consistent source matters across the range. With 2+ models each variable column is suffixed with the model name. cerra covers Europe only: requested alone elsewhere it is rejected as a coverage gap, and beside another model the archive drops it and the notice says so. A name outside this list is sent upstream rather than rejected here. | |
| end_date | Yes | End date (YYYY-MM-DD, inclusive). Must be on or after start_date. For the last few days, either request models: ["ecmwf_ifs"] or use openmeteo_get_forecast with past_days. | |
| latitude | Yes | Latitude in decimal degrees. Use openmeteo_search_locations to resolve a place name to coordinates. | |
| timezone | No | IANA timezone or "auto". Default "auto". | auto |
| canvas_id | No | DataCanvas token for multi-year or multi-variable queries. When a result is too large to return inline — driven by total payload size, so a wide multi-variable pull can spill at any row count — it spills to this canvas: pass the returned token to openmeteo_dataframe_describe to list the staged table and its columns, then to openmeteo_dataframe_query to run SQL against it. Omit to create a fresh canvas. | |
| longitude | Yes | Longitude in decimal degrees. | |
| start_date | Yes | Start date (YYYY-MM-DD, e.g., "2024-07-01"). The archive covers from 1940-01-01; how close to today it reaches depends on the model — the ERA5 family runs about a week behind, IFS HRES is current. | |
| cell_selection | No | Which grid cell answers the coordinate. Omitted, Open-Meteo picks a land cell, so a point offshore reads conditions on shore. Set "sea" for a point on the water — wind for sailing, surf, or offshore wind — so a water cell answers; keep the default for a point on land, which "sea" moves onto the water. "nearest" takes the closest cell, land or water. The response latitude and longitude name the cell that answered. | |
| daily_variables | No | Daily summary variables (e.g., ["temperature_2m_max", "temperature_2m_min", "precipitation_sum", "wind_speed_10m_max"]). Daily names only — an hourly name such as cloud_cover or temperature_2m belongs in hourly_variables and is rejected here; for a daily summary of an hourly variable use its published aggregate (cloud_cover_max, cloud_cover_mean, cloud_cover_min). At least one of hourly_variables or daily_variables required. | |
| wind_speed_unit | No | Wind speed unit. Default "kmh". | kmh |
| hourly_variables | No | Hourly archive variables (e.g., ["temperature_2m", "precipitation", "wind_speed_10m", "relative_humidity_2m", "cloud_cover", "soil_moisture_0_to_7cm"]). Hourly names only — a daily aggregate such as temperature_2m_max or precipitation_sum belongs in daily_variables and is rejected here. At least one of hourly_variables or daily_variables required. | |
| temperature_unit | No | Temperature unit. Default "celsius". | celsius |
| precipitation_unit | No | Precipitation unit. Default "mm". | mm |
Output Schema
| Name | Required | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|---|
| daily | No | Per-day records with "time" (YYYY-MM-DD) + variable keys. Absent when only hourly_variables were requested. When truncated, contains only a preview — query canvas_id for the full dataset when one is present. | |
| error | No | Present when the call failed. Absent on success. | |
| hourly | No | Per-hour records with "time" (ISO 8601) + variable keys. Absent when only daily_variables were requested. When truncated, contains only a preview — query canvas_id for the full dataset when one is present. | |
| models | No | Archive models requested — echoes the models parameter. Absent when models was omitted, which means the data came from Open-Meteo Best Match (IFS HRES + ERA5 + ERA5-Land) and the source varies by date. | |
| notice | No | Everything this response needs to say beyond the data, composed into one advisory: columns the archive returned with the unit "undefined" (a name it parsed but does not serve in the requested cadence, or — on a model-suffixed column — a variable that model does not serve); requested models the archive left out for having no data at this coordinate, or the plain-named columns a multi-model request cannot attribute to one model; recognized variables that came back null under a real unit, with the timestamps that do carry values — a variable null across the whole window is attributed to the selected model that returned it empty when another selected model returned values for it, and otherwise to the location, the window, or the selected models; and, when the result spilled, either the canvas and table holding the full row set plus the two dataframe tools that read it, or — with DataCanvas disabled — why there is no canvas_id and how to reach the rows the preview omits. | |
| latitude | No | Latitude of the grid cell that answered, picked by cell_selection (a land cell when omitted) | |
| timezone | No | Resolved IANA timezone | |
| canvas_id | No | DataCanvas token for the staged full dataset. Present only when truncated is true AND DataCanvas is enabled (CANVAS_PROVIDER_TYPE=duckdb) — absent otherwise, in which case the preview is all this response carries. Pass to openmeteo_dataframe_describe to list the staged table and its columns, then to openmeteo_dataframe_query to run SQL against it. | |
| elevation | No | Terrain elevation of the requested coordinate (meters), whichever cell answered | |
| longitude | No | Longitude of the grid cell that answered | |
| truncated | No | True when the response was too large to return inline, so hourly and daily carry a bounded preview rather than the full set. With DataCanvas enabled the complete data is staged at canvas_id — every hourly and daily row, including any column the preview omits. With it disabled there is no canvas_id, and the omitted rows are reached only by narrowing the request. | |
| date_range | No | Date range of returned data | |
| table_name | No | DuckDB table name for the staged data — use as the FROM target in openmeteo_dataframe_query SQL; openmeteo_dataframe_describe lists its columns. Present only alongside canvas_id. | |
| daily_units | No | Variable → unit string for daily data. Absent when no daily_variables were requested. | |
| hourly_units | No | Variable → unit string for hourly data (e.g., {"temperature_2m": "°C", "precipitation": "mm"}). Absent when no hourly_variables were requested. | |
| record_count | No | Total number of records (hourly + daily rows) — the full upstream total when truncated is true, not the combined length of the hourly and daily previews. |