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papers

Academic paper metadata from 27M+ works — title, abstract, authors, citations, DOI and open access URL. Covers every field: CS, medicine, physics, economics, biology, and more. Browse by OpenAlex topic ID and year, or filter by keywords in title/abstract. Returns papers sorted by citation count. Source: OpenAlex (CC0 metadata). Use this when the user needs scholarly references, citation counts, or research context that Wikipedia does not cover.

Input Schema

TableJSON Schema
NameRequiredDescriptionDefault
yearNoPublication year to filter on, e.g. 2023.
limitNoMaximum papers to return, 1-20 (default 5).
queryNoKeywords to match in title and abstract (all terms must appear). Combines with topic to narrow results.
topicNoOpenAlex topic ID, e.g. "T10135" (Machine Learning), "T10461" (Quantum Computing). Required unless query is very specific.

TDQS

A4/5.0
Behavior4/5

Does the description disclose side effects, auth requirements, rate limits, or destructive behavior?

With no annotations provided, the description carries the full burden of behavioral disclosure. It reveals key behaviors: papers are sorted by citation count, data comes from OpenAlex with CC0 license, and the corpus covers multiple fields. It does not describe error handling, authentication, or rate limits, but for a read-only metadata retrieval tool, the disclosed sort order and data source provide solid behavioral context.

Agents need to know what a tool does to the world before calling it. Descriptions should go beyond structured annotations to explain consequences.

Conciseness5/5

Is the description appropriately sized, front-loaded, and free of redundancy?

The description is compact and front-loaded: first sentence states core function and data fields, second gives scope and browsing/filtering modes, third covers sorting, source, and usage context. Every sentence adds value, and the length is appropriate for the tool's complexity.

Shorter descriptions cost fewer tokens and are easier for agents to parse. Every sentence should earn its place.

Completeness4/5

Given the tool's complexity, does the description cover enough for an agent to succeed on first attempt?

The description provides sufficient context for an agent to invoke the tool: it explains what fields are returned, how results are sorted, where data comes from, and when to use it. It lacks explicit return format details, but no output schema exists and the metadata field list partially compensates. The minor or/combines ambiguity with query and topic is the main gap.

Complex tools with many parameters or behaviors need more documentation. Simple tools need less. This dimension scales expectations accordingly.

Parameters3/5

Does the description clarify parameter syntax, constraints, interactions, or defaults beyond what the schema provides?

Schema description coverage is 100%, so the baseline is 3. The description adds example topic IDs and clarifies that topic browsing and keyword filtering are possible, but it introduces ambiguity by saying "Browse by ... or filter by" while the schema states query "combines with topic to narrow results." It does not meaningfully enhance parameter understanding beyond the schema.

Input schemas describe structure but not intent. Descriptions should explain non-obvious parameter relationships and valid value ranges.

Purpose4/5

Does the description clearly state what the tool does and how it differs from similar tools?

The description clearly states the tool returns academic paper metadata with specific fields (title, abstract, authors, citations, DOI, open access URL) and that papers are sorted by citation count. It identifies the resource and scope (27M+ works, all fields), making the purpose unambiguous. However, it does not explicitly distinguish itself from sibling tools like article, search, or lookup, so it falls short of full sibling differentiation.

Agents choose between tools based on descriptions. A clear purpose with a specific verb and resource helps agents select the right tool.

Usage Guidelines4/5

Does the description explain when to use this tool, when not to, or what alternatives exist?

The description includes an explicit usage trigger: "Use this when the user needs scholarly references, citation counts, or research context that Wikipedia does not cover." This gives clear context for when to select the tool. It does not mention alternatives or scenarios where a sibling tool would be preferable, so there are no exclusions or when-not-to-use guidance.

Agents often have multiple tools that could apply. Explicit usage guidance like "use X instead of Y when Z" prevents misuse.

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TDQS

A4.4/5.0
Disambiguation5/5

Each tool has a clearly distinct purpose: search finds titles, lookup returns structured entity facts, article returns full text, define handles dictionary entries, papers covers academic metadata, and recent tracks updates. Potential overlaps are explicitly disambiguated, such as define for words versus lookup for things, and lookup for summaries versus article for full text.

Naming Consistency4/5

All tool names are lowercase single words, which creates a clean and predictable style. The set mixes resource-like names (article, papers, recent) with action-oriented names (define, lookup, search), but the minimalist convention remains consistent and easy to remember.

Tool Count5/5

Six tools is well-scoped for a knowledge retrieval server: discovery, entity facts, full text, definitions, academic papers, and recent changes each earn their place. There is no redundancy and no sense that tools were added without a clear purpose.

Completeness5/5

The surface covers the full retrieval workflow: find the right entity with search, get a concise fact summary with lookup, retrieve full article text, define words, access scholarly sources, and check for recent updates. For a read-only knowledge server, this covers the user journey without dead ends.

Resources